仔猪断奶应激及其营养调控

综述了断奶应激对仔猪的影响,分析了应激发生的原因,阐述了相应的饲养调控措施,以期为早期断奶应激综合症的防治和科学饲养管理断奶仔猪提供理论依据。     

浅谈仔猪早期断奶应激综合症的防治

在仔猪繁育过程中,少部分仔猪由于断奶后在生理、营养方面的应激处理不当,导致仔猪早期断奶综合症发生,严重地影响了仔猪的成活率和养殖户的经济效益。阐述了早期断奶仔猪的生理特点,分析了仔猪早期断奶综合症的发生原因与机制,提出仔猪早期断奶综合症的防治措施,对当地畜牧业的健康稳步发展具有一定的积极意义。     

仔猪断奶应激及其营养调控

综述了断奶应激对仔猪的影响,分析了应激发生的原因,阐述了相应的饲养调控措施,以期为早期断奶应激综合症的防治和科学饲养管理断奶仔猪提供理论依据.     

也论仔猪早期断奶综合症发生与防治技术

少部分仔猪由于断奶后在生理、营养方面应激处理不当,导致仔猪早期断奶综合症发生,严重地影响了仔猪的成活率和养殖户的经济效益.文章阐述了早期断奶仔猪的生理特点,分析了仔猪早期断奶综合症的发生原因与机制,提出仔猪早期断奶综合症的防治措施,对当地畜牧业的健康稳步发展具有一定的积极意义.     

早期断奶仔猪的消化生理及饲粮组合研究

仔猪早期断奶受心理、环境及营养应激影响，常表现为“仔猪早期断奶综合症”。主要是营养应激，即仔猪由液态母乳转向固体饲料。由于仔猪消化系统尚未发育成熟，不能适应这种营养物质的骤变。因此配制适合早期断奶仔猪消化生理的饲粮是克服早期断奶综合症的最有效方法。     

仔猪断奶应激综合症的综合防治措施

随着我国猪的饲养量不断增加,饲养场为提高母猪的生产率及对猪场疫病加以防控,会对仔猪实行早期断奶。实行早期断奶的仔猪如果管理不当易发生仔猪断奶应激综合症,表现为绝食,机体逐渐消瘦,此时如果饲养者缺乏经验,就会错误的认为仔猪患病,随即给其打针喂药,从而就会错失最佳的救治时机导致仔猪饿死,直接给饲养场造成比较严重的经济损失。规模化饲养场在给仔猪实行早期断奶时普遍存在的断奶应激综合症,生产中必须加以重视。现主要论述仔猪出现断奶应激综合症的患病表现,并且介绍相应的综合防治措施,以期降低饲养场的经济损失。     

影响早期断奶仔猪的营养因素

主要从营养方面对早期断奶仔猪的影响进行综述,旨在消除或减轻仔猪断奶应激综合症,为养猪生产者提供参考和建议。     

规模化猪场断奶仔猪应激综合症防治

断奶仔猪因诸多应激因素和机体抵抗力下降,往往会导致断奶后的2～15天内仔猪腹泻或水肿,少数为内毒素休克,称为断奶仔猪应激综合症。断奶仔猪应激导致仔猪发病、死亡或生长停滞,给养猪业带来很大的经济损失。1发病原因1.1断奶应激1.1.1营养应激。仔猪由吸吮含香味、高营养的母乳和少量的硬颗粒料或散料,断奶后转向只吃营养成份较差料,造成饲料营养应激。1.1.2环境应激。仔猪断奶后,离开了母猪所处的优越环境,转入条件较差的保育舍,周围的环境、栏舍、温度、湿度、伙伴等均发生了变化,导致环境应激。1.1.3争斗应激。由于断奶后的重新组群、群…     

断奶仔猪的饲养管理与疾病防治

1首先分析影响断奶仔猪生长的因素和以前饲养失败的原因1.1影响断奶仔猪生长的因素1.1.1应激仔猪断奶后失去母亲的爱护而心理害怕易受惊吓;另外由乳汁改为饲料;在仔猪由产仔舍向仔猪培育舍转群过程中还要经历捕捉、重组、新的饲养环境和饲养人员等多种的应激。1.1.2断奶仔猪怕冷、消化机能弱、免疫机制不健全容易患病。1.2以前饲养失败的原因1.2.1疾病当前流行的仔猪水肿病、PMWS即仔猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合症、温和性猪瘟、猪链球菌、猪应激综合症等病严重的威胁着断奶仔猪的     

断奶仔猪的管理与疫病防控

断奶是仔猪饲养中必不可少的一步,断奶的成功与否直接影响着仔猪能否健康成长。一些不当的断奶方式以及方法会导致仔猪发生断奶应激综合症,造成掉膘、严重腹泻、成活率降低等一系列的症状,重者甚至死亡。本文对断奶仔猪的发病原因、饲养管理要点及常发疾病的防控做了阐述,以期为断奶仔猪的管理提供帮助。     

仔猪断奶应激的探析及其防治措施

作者从仔猪断奶应激综合征产生的原因及对生产性能的影响进行了阐述,并着重对断奶仔猪应激综合征的防治作了探讨性的阐明。希望能为仔猪断奶综合征的进一步研究积累资料。     

3周龄与6周龄断奶仔猪生产性能的比较

选9窝约长北3元杂交仔猪(116头)随机分成3组、第1、2组3周龄断奶,分别饲喂试验日粮和代乳料日粮。第3组6周龄断奶作为对照。6周龄到20公斤体重阶段饲喂同一营养水平的仔猪料,以比较3者的生产性能。试验结果表明:21—42日龄阶段,由于断奶应激,试验组日增重(ADG)明显低于对照组。42日龄以后至达20公斤体重阶段试验组的日增 重与对照组和代乳料组已无明显差异。早期断奶仔猪在度过断奶应激后,有补偿生长反应。     

改善早期断奶仔猪肠道健康和功能的营养策略研究进展

商业化生产中仔猪早期断奶（3~4周龄）恰是肠道功能发育的关键时期,断奶应激带来的持续性肠道屏障功能损伤是断奶仔猪细菌性和病毒性肠炎及断奶后腹泻的主要诱因。饲料端“禁抗”背景下,运用营养策略改善早期断奶仔猪肠道功能的研究是研究者关注的焦点问题。从早期断奶对仔猪肠道屏障功能的影响及多种营养策略对断奶仔猪肠道功能改善的作用,综述了早期断奶致仔猪肠道屏障功能损伤的机理及氨基酸、抗菌肽、益生菌、膳食纤维、低聚糖、有机酸、微量营养素和脂质营养等营养策略改善仔猪肠道功能的作用机制,为通过营养策略改善断奶仔猪肠道功能相关研究提供参考。     

甘露寡糖对保育猪的营养与保健作用

大量研究表明,甘露寡糖(MOS)通过积极影响断奶仔猪的肠道微生物菌群和肠道形态结构,加速由于断奶饥饿应激或采食固体饲料中抗原受损伤的肠黏膜上皮的修复,有助于保持仔猪断奶后肠道的完整性和消化吸收功能。在免疫反应方面,MOS通过促进抗原提呈增强断奶仔猪的抗病性,从而增强从先天性免疫应答向适应性免疫应答的转变。     

断奶应激对仔猪4项血清脂类代谢指标的影响

为了确定断奶应激对仔猪脂类营养代谢的影响,随机选取体重相近的12头断奶仔猪,分别于仔猪断奶时,断奶后第7天、第14天采取血液进行血清脂类代谢指标测定。结果显示,被检仔猪血清CHO、TG活性在断奶后显著(P<0.05)或极显著升高(P<0.01)。血清HDL、LDL在整个试验期间虽有变化,但均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表明断奶后第14天时,仔猪对脂类物质吸收增强,脂肪沉积增多,该时期可在饲料中适当添加脂类营养物质,这将有利于调节机体代谢和营养调控。     

菊粉在断奶仔猪中的研究进展

断奶仔猪在心理、环境及营养应激下，出现“仔猪早期断奶综合症”，严重影响养猪生产效益。而菊粉作为一种新型的饲料添加剂，可选择性促进肠道有益菌增殖，抑制有害菌生长，从而提高动物的生产性能和免疫力。作者概述了菊粉及其提取工艺，以及菊粉对断奶仔猪肠道菌群和免疫功能等的影响，以期为仔猪的健康养殖提供理论依据。     

Frequency of enteropathogen detection in suckling and weaned pigs with diarrhea in Japan.

Fecal samples from suckling (n=153) and weaned (n=116) piglets with diarrhea in Japan were examined for shedding of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens using culture, microscopic, and polymerase chain reaction methods. In suckling piglets, diarrhea was attributed to infection with a single etiologic agent in 60.8% of cases and with combinations of agents in 22.2%. In weaned piglets, diarrhea was attributed to a single etiologic agent in 43.1% and to combinations of agents in 47.4% of cases. Rotavirus was the most prevalent agent in suckling (67.3%) and weaned (65.5%) piglets. The detection of other pathogens was associated with age of the animals examined. Coccidia were predominantly isolated from suckling piglets, whereas Escherichia coli was found predominantly in weaned piglets. Although a relationship was not observed between detection rate of rotavirus and age of piglets, a single group of rotavirus was detected in 87.5% of suckling piglets whereas multiple groups were detected in 51.6% of weaned piglets. The results of this study confirm that diarrhea in piglets can, to a variable degree, be causally associated with multiple agents. Additionally, these results suggest reasons why this syndrome can be difficult to control.     

酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫的影响。采用单因素试验设计方法,选取21日龄遗传胎次、体重接近的断奶仔猪180头,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4组分别饲喂饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著降低了断奶仔猪血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量(P0.05)。饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠CD4~+淋巴细胞含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪回肠CD8~+和CD20~+淋巴细胞含量,但差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫,缓解断奶应激。     

Immune responses of piglets to weaning stress: impacts of photoperiod

An acute stress response can be provoked by abrupt social, nutritional, and environmental changes associated with weaning, and this may disrupt homeostasis and thus compromise well-being. Manipulating environmental factors, such as photoperiod, might provide a simple way to reduce the physiological consequences that piglets experience due to weaning stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of photoperiod manipulation across various weaning ages on leukocyte populations, lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cytotoxicity (NK), chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin G, cortisol, and BW of piglets during the nursery phase. Sixty-eight crossbred piglets were obtained from sows kept on a short-day (8 h of light/d) photoperiod from d 90 of gestation until weaning. Piglets were weaned at 14, 21, or 28 d of age and kept on a short or long (16 h of light/d) photoperiod until 10 wk of age. Piglet BW and blood samples were collected at weaning and at 6, 8, and 10 wk of age. Pigs weaned at 28 d had reduced neutrophil counts (P < 0.001), phagocytosis (P < 0.001), and lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05) at weaning compared with those weaned at 14 and 21 d. Pigs weaned at 21 d tended to have lower (P = 0.08) lymphocyte counts than did pigs weaned at 14 or 28 d. Pigs weaned at 14 d had reduced (P < 0.01) NK relative to those weaned at 21 or 28 d. Photoperiod also influenced pig BW and immune status. Generally, those pigs on the long-day photoperiod and weaned at 28 d were heavier (P < 0.001) than their counterparts weaned at 14 or 21 d. At 6 wk of age, NK was greater (P = 0.002) in pigs kept on a long day and weaned at 14 or 21 d than in pigs weaned at 28 d. Phagocytosis was less (P = 0.005) at 6 wk of age, but was greater at 8 wk, in piglets kept on the long day and weaned at 28 d than in long-day pigs weaned at 14 or 21 d. These results suggest that photoperiod differentially influences immune responses in piglets weaned at different ages and indicate an inverse relationship between growth and immune status. Here, weaning at 28 d and a long-day photoperiod was the treatment combination that was most physiologically beneficial to piglets, whereas a 14-d weaning and short-day photoperiod was least physiologically beneficial.