沙门氏菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

为实现沙门氏菌的快速检测,根据沙门氏菌特异性invE、hilA、invA、hut基因编码区序列,分别设计合成4套引物,通过对引物筛选和反应条件优化,建立了以invA特异性基因设计合成为引物的沙门氏菌环介导等温扩增检测方法。本方法对沙门氏菌定性检测灵敏度可达到101CFU/mL (细菌浓度),其灵敏度比普通PCR高10倍且反应结果易于观察。以6种沙门氏菌和8种非沙门氏菌细菌DNA为模板进行LAMP扩增检测,并无交叉反应。结果显示,设计的LAMP引物组和建立的沙门氏菌的LAMP检测方法具有特异性好、灵敏度高、快速、费用低廉等优点,可应用于动物和食品样品中肠道沙门氏菌6个亚种的快速检测。     

加环引物LAMP法快速检测布鲁氏杆菌方法的研究

研究以布鲁氏杆菌保守的OMP25蛋白基因为靶基因,设计了6条LAMP特异性引物,同时探讨了加环引物对LAMP的影响,通过优化LAMP体系的反应条件,建立了一套快速检测布鲁氏杆菌的新方法。LAMP扩增产物可通过凝胶电泳和荧光显色进行判定。该研究比较了LAMP法和加环引物LAMP法的灵敏度,并检测了其引物特异性。试验结果显示,普通LAMP法的灵敏度为20CFU/mL,加环引物的LAMP法的灵敏度为2.0CFU/mL。通过两种方法的比较可知:LAMP法可以快速、直观、准确地检测布鲁氏杆菌,加环引物可进一步提高LAMP的扩增效率,是一种在基层现场有广泛应用前景的检测方法。     

环介导恒温扩增(LAMP)-检测沙门氏菌

建立一种能够快速准确地检测沙门氏菌的LAMP方法。根据沙门氏菌invA基因设计了引物,然后进行LAMP反应条件的优化、特异性试验,通过LAMP与PCR灵敏度的试验与实际样品进行检出率的比较。LAMP方法特异性好,最佳反应温度为63℃,只对沙门氏菌进行扩增;沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为7～8cfu/mL。LAMP方法检测沙门氏菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测沙门氏菌的新方法。     

环介导等温扩增联合横向流动试纸条快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌的研究

将环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)与横向流动试纸条检测技术(lateral flow dipstick,LFD)联合,建立了1种可应用于单核细胞增生李斯特菌快速检测的新方法。针对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的actA基因设计3对引物(其中,上游内引物由生物素标记)和1条异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)标记的探针,进行由生物素标记的LAMP扩增反应,并利用LFD对经FITC标记探针杂交的扩增产物完成检测。优化后的LAMP反应条件为65℃反应40min,从细菌基因组DNA提取到LFD结果判断只需90min左右,比常规PCR技术缩短近2h。LAMP-LFD可特异性地检出单核细胞增生李斯特菌,对哈维弧菌等常见弧菌及嗜水气单胞菌等的检测结果为阴性。灵敏性试验表明,LAMP-LFD针对病原纯培养物的检测灵敏度为3.2×101 CFU/mL或0.64CFU/反应,是LAMP检测的10倍,常规PCR检测的100倍;针对人工污染单核细胞增生李斯特菌的原料奶样品的检测灵敏度为1.6×102 CFU/mL或3.2CFU/反应。利用本方法可从采集样品中检测到单核细胞增生李斯特菌,检测结果与传统的细菌分离培养方法结果一致。试验表明,本研究建立的LAMP-LFD技术可特异、准确地应用于单核细胞增生李斯特菌检测,而且灵敏度高、操作简单、检测成本低,有望发展成为单核细胞增生李斯特菌快速检测的有效手段。     

检测创伤弧菌两种毒力基因的环介导等温扩增检测方法的建立

为建立快速检测致病性创伤弧菌两种毒素的环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)方法,分别以创伤弧菌溶血素A基因(hemolysin gene A,HA)和多重毒素(repeats in toxin,RTX)毒力基因的保守序列作为靶序列设计内、外引物。通过肉眼观察白色沉淀初步判断检测结果,通过琼脂糖电泳最终确定检测结果。LAMP检测创伤弧菌的两种基因的灵敏度都达到10 CFU/mL。特异性结果表明致病性创伤弧菌的结果为阳性,而其他几种常见弧菌和食源菌检测结果为阴性。在人工模拟样品检测中,LAMP结果显示,采用水煮法提取DNA,从样品处理到报告结果耗时1.5 h,鱼肉中创伤弧菌的检出限为1×10~2 CFU/g(RTX)和1×10~4 CFU/g(HA);采用同样方法提取DNA进行普通PCR,其检出限为1×10~3 CFU/g(RTX)和1×10~4 CFU/g(HA),耗时4 h。结果表明,本研究建立的LAMP方法检测创伤弧菌两种毒力基因时具有灵敏度高、特异性强、方法简便等优点,适用于食品和养殖业中的现场快速检测。     

宠物食品中肉毒杆菌LAMP检测方法的研究

为研究宠物食品中肉毒杆菌环介导恒温扩增(LAMP)检测方法,本试验根据肉毒杆菌特异性基因片段(Ntn H)设计1组引物,应用LMAP技术,通过扩增肉毒杆菌和14种非肉毒杆菌基因片段,对建立的LAMP反应体系进行最佳温度及反应时间筛选试验、采用浊度法和染色法进行特异性试验以及与PCR对比的敏感性试验。结果表明:建立的LAMP反应体系只扩增肉毒杆菌基因,特异性良好;体系最佳反应温度为64℃,最佳反应时间为60 min;最低检测浓度为0.0001 pg/μL,比PCR高出10倍。本试验所建立的方法特异性好、灵敏度高,反应时间短,适用于宠物食品中肉毒杆菌的检测。     

沙门菌LAMP检测方法的建立

建立了一种沙门菌环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测方法。依据GenBank公布的沙门菌属fimY基因序列,利用Primer Explorer V5软件设计LAMP扩增所需引物,通过LAMP反应条件的优化,建立沙门菌LAMP快速检测方法,并对其特异性和敏感性进行了评价。结果表明,针对fimY基因建立的LAMP方法具有较强的特异性,最低可检出浓度为56×102CFU/mL,灵敏度高于PCR方法 10倍。     

环介导恒温扩增（LAMP）——检测沙门氏菌

建立一种能够快速准确地检测沙门氏菌的LAMP方法。根据沙门氏菌invA基因设计了引物,然后进行LAMP反应条件的优化、特异性试验,通过LAMP与PCR灵敏度的试验与实际样品进行检出率的比较。LAMP方法特异性好,最佳反应温度为63℃,只对沙门氏菌进行扩增;沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为7～8cfu／mL。LAMP方法检测沙门氏菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测沙门氏菌的新方法。     

基于DNA环介导等温扩增技术快速检测溶藻弧菌的研究

溶藻弧菌是引起海产鱼类、虾、贝等细菌性疾病的主要病原之一,严重危害水产养殖业的发展,建立快速、准确的检测方法对防控溶藻弧菌及保障水产养殖安全具有重要意义。本研究引入环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)技术,以溶藻弧菌胶原酶基因为靶基因,建立了溶藻弧菌LAMP快速检测方法,45~60 min内即可完成检测。试验结果显示,该LAMP方法可特异性检测溶藻弧菌,且灵敏度高,对纯培养溶藻弧菌的检测灵敏度约10 CFU/mL,对污染水产品中溶藻弧菌的检测灵敏度为19 CFU/mL。本研究建立的溶藻弧菌LAMP检测方法操作简便、检测快速,具有良好的实用性。     

沙门菌fimA-LAMP快速检测方法的建立及其应用

研究针对沙门菌保守菌毛fim A基因,设计4条两对特异性引物,建立快速检测沙门菌的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)方法,并对反应温度、检测特异性和灵敏度等反应条件进行一系列优化,与常规PCR进行比较,及对临床样品进行检测。结果显示:LAMP方法最适反应温度为64℃,Mg~(2+)浓度为8 mmol/L,d NTPs浓度为0.8 mmol/L,内外引物浓度比为1∶8;对6种相关肠道细菌进行LAMP扩增,仅沙门菌扩增阳性;对沙门菌检测的灵敏度为8.6×101cfu/m L,比PCR灵敏10倍;对市场肉类产品检测,LAMP与传统方法符合率为100%。试验表明,建立的沙门菌LAMP方法特异性强、灵敏度高、结果可视,且操作简单,无需昂贵的仪器,适合基层实验室和食品监测部门应用。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。