奶牛布鲁菌病及其防控

奶牛布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病。对奶牛布鲁菌病从病原学、流行病学、发病机理、临床症状及病理变化等方面进行了简述,并对其诊断、防控以及流行趋势等作了介绍。     

奶牛布鲁菌病及其防控

奶牛布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种人畜共惠传染病.对奶牛布鲁菌病从病原学、流行病学、发病机理、临床症状及病理变化等方面进行了简述,并对其诊断、防控以及流行趋势等作了介绍.     

奶牛布鲁菌病的血清学检测

为了解奶牛布鲁菌病的流行情况,采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验随机对规模养殖场、中小规模养殖场及散养户共1 000头奶牛进行布鲁菌病初检和确诊.结果表明,被检奶牛血清16份呈布鲁菌阳性,阳性率为1.6%,其中散养户、中小规模养殖场和规模养殖场饲养奶牛血清阳性数分别为6份、5份、5份,阳性率分别为2.67%、1.52%...     

榆林市某县奶牛结核病和布鲁菌病检测与分析

为了解榆林市某县2010年-2014年期间奶牛结核病和布鲁菌病的发生情况,应用结核病国家检测标准(GB/T18645-2002)-结核菌素皮内变态反应检测奶牛结核病,应用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验检测奶牛布鲁菌病。结果表明,奶牛结核病平均阳性率为0.72%;奶牛布鲁菌病平均阳性率为1.19%,虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验2种检测方法的符合率一致。     

奶牛布鲁菌病的诊断与防治要点

从奶牛布鲁菌病的症状入手,探讨了该病的病原学和血清学诊断方法,认为奶牛养殖区应当从接种疫苗免疫、布鲁菌病定期检测、自繁自养、犊牛培养以及环境消毒等方面着手,做好奶牛布鲁菌病的防治工作,培育健康牛群。     

奶牛布鲁菌病的检测及预防措施

布鲁菌病是重要的人畜共患传染病,在家畜中,以牛、羊、猪最易感染,且可传染给人和其他家畜,给畜枚业和人类的健康带来严重危害.该试验就某地的布鲁菌病检测进行介绍,并提出相应的防治措施.     

蹄叶炎奶牛血浆蛋白质组学2-DE图谱的构建及分析

采集患病牛和健康牛血浆,用人白蛋白和IgG抗体去除其高丰度蛋白后,通过双向凝脉电泳(Two dimension-al gel electrophoresis,2-DE)技术和PDQuest分析软件比较2组间血浆蛋白组表达差异.结果显示,蹄叶炎奶牛血浆2-DE图谱中有39个蛋白斑点表达上调,23个蛋白斑点表达下调,共检测到62个差异蛋白点.结果表明,奶牛发生蹄叶炎时,其血浆蛋白组表达模式发生了改变,这种改变可能与蹄叶炎的发病机制密切相关.     

奶牛布鲁菌病的检测试验

试验对内蒙古包头市部分地区出现较多流产、早产、死胎、胎盘滞留等疑似布鲁菌病患牛的奶牛养殖小区、个体养殖户的608头奶牛用虎红平板凝集试验、试管凝集试验进行了布鲁菌病血清学检测.结果虎红平板凝集试验检测平均阳性率为27.96%,试管凝集试验平均阳性率为25.82%,表明所检测地区奶牛布鲁菌病的感染率较高.     

奶牛布鲁菌病的检测试验

试验对内蒙古包头市部分地区出现较多流产、早产、死胎、胎盘滞留等疑似布鲁菌病患牛的奶牛养殖小区、个体养殖户的608头奶牛用虎红平板凝集试验、试管凝集试验进行了布鲁菌病血清学检测。结果虎红平板凝集试验检测平均阳性率为27.96%,试管凝集试验平均阳性率为25.82%,表明所检测地区奶牛布鲁菌病的感染率较高。     

上海市奶牛场奶牛结核病和布鲁菌病的净化措施

奶牛结核病和布鲁菌病(简称"两病")是人畜共患病,具有易传染、发病率高、死亡率低、净化难度大的特点,已严重危害奶业的持续发展和人体健康。为了更好地组织实施奶牛两病的检测净化工作,本文基于上海市实际情况,从指导思想和工作原则入手,提出目标任务和实施步骤,逐步实现奶牛两病净化目标,对各地组织开展奶牛两病检测净化工作具有指导意义。     

奶牛乳腺组织亚细胞组分的双向凝胶电泳分析

利用超速离心结合梯度离心法分离亚细胞组分的技术路线,以提高奶牛乳腺组织蛋白双向凝胶电泳的分离效率。奶牛乳腺组织液氮研磨破碎后,差速离心分离成细胞核、线粒体、高尔基体、溶酶体4个亚细胞组分,Nyco-denz纯化,2-DE分离蛋白,PDQUest8.0软件分析凝胶图谱。结果显示,奶牛乳腺组织细胞经亚细胞分离后,电泳分辨率大大提高,特别是细胞核蛋白质检出效率明显提高。不同亚细胞蛋白质组电泳图谱的差异显示了其蛋白质组构成的不同。由此可见超速离心结合梯度离心是一种有效的奶牛乳腺亚细胞组分分离手段,亚细胞蛋白质组学克服了蛋白质组的一些缺陷并可将蛋白质组研究引向亚细胞水平。     

日粮中添加藜麦秸秆对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究日粮中添加藜麦秸秆对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响,试验根据胎次相同,产犊时间、体重、产奶量相近的原则,选择16头中国荷斯坦奶牛作为试验牛。采用单因子随机试验设计,随机分为4组,每组4头牛,分别饲喂4种不同比例藜麦秸秆的全混合日粮(TMR)。藜麦秸秆的干物质(DM)添加比例分别为0%(Ⅰ组),5%(Ⅱ组),10%(Ⅲ组),15%(Ⅳ组)。预试期10d,正式期60d。结果表明:试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的产奶量、4%标准乳产量显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的产奶量分别比试验Ⅰ组高6.58%和6.87%,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的4%标准乳分别比试验Ⅰ组高5.37%和10.61%;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的乳脂率、乳糖率、乳蛋白率和乳总固形物差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组葡萄糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,奶牛日粮中添加藜麦秸秆能提高其产奶量,对血清生化指标无不利影响。     

过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响

用 8头荷斯坦黑白花奶牛 ,在饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇 ,研究其对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响。结果表明 ,过瘤胃蛋白+丙二醇可显著提高丙酸浓度 (P <0 0 5) ,并且产乳量较对照组有增加的趋势。乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率及无脂固形物率 ,并未因添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇而受到显著影响 (P >0 0 5)。乳蛋白质量、乳脂量及无脂固形物量 ,过瘤胃蛋白 +丙二醇组较对照组有增加的趋势 ,但差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5)。     

青贮玉米秸饲喂奶牛效果研究

采用在奶牛日粮中分别加入青贮玉米秸和玉米秸对比试验的方法，经过30d锔喂试验，表明试验组比对照组日均产奶高1．24kg,差异显著（P＜0．05）。     

硫酸钠对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在研究不同添加水平的硫酸钠对泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响。试验选用4头体重、胎次、产奶量均相近的荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验分4个处理组,添加不同水平的硫酸钠,即0%(对照组)、0.4%(试验1组)、0.8%(试验2组)与1.2%(试验3组),试验分为4期,每期18 d(预试期15 d,正试期3 d)。结果表明:(1)饲粮中添加硫酸钠对瘤胃液pH、NH3-N平均浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)饲粮中添加硫酸钠后,瘤胃内原虫数均有所提高,其中试验2组和试验3组与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05);(3)添加硫酸钠的试验2组瘤胃液菌体蛋白浓度与对照组相比显著提高(P<0.05)。结果说明,日粮中添加适量的硫酸钠可以改变瘤胃发酵环境,提高瘤胃液菌体蛋白浓度。     

Milk protein responses to balanced amino acid and removal of Leucine and Arginine supplied from jugular‐infused amino acid mixture in lactating dairy cows

This study was undertaken to evaluate the milk protein response when cows were supplied a balanced AA profile and to determine whether a deficiency of Leucine (Leu) or Arginine (Arg) had a negative effect on milk protein. Eight mid‐lactation Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 5‐day continuous jugular infusions of saline (CTL), EAA mixture prepared on the profile of casein and supplied (in % of lysine (Lys)) 100% of Lys, 33.3% of methionine (Met), 110.2% of Leu, 43.6% of Arg, 50.8% of threonine (Thr), 81.6% of valine (Val), 69.7% of isoleucine (Ile), 61.4% of phenylalanine (Phe) and 34.2% of histidine (His) (Casein, 160 g/d), EAA mixture excluding Leu (?Leu, 163 g/d) or EAA mixture excluding Arg (?Arg, 158 g/d) in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four infusion periods separated by 7‐day interval period. The basal diet supplied 1.6 Mcal NE_L and 94.4 g MP per 1 kg DM to meet requirements for lactation. The Casein treatment provided a balanced supply (in % of MP) of 10.3% Leu and 5.3% Arg, whereas in the two subsequent ?Leu and ?Arg treatments, the concentration of Leu and Arg was reduced to 8.4 and 4.6% respectively. Dry matter intake (15.4 kg/day) was not affected by treatments. The Casein treatment increased milk yield (14.9%, p < 0.001), milk protein yield (120 g, p < 0.001) and milk protein efficiency (0.03, p = 0.099) than CTL treatment. However, the ?Leu treatment decreased the responses of above‐measured parameters by 6.25%, 70 g, 0.05 (p < 0.06) (compared with Casein). These effects of Leu were related to decreased Leu concentration and improved concentration of Ile and Val in plasma. The ?Arg treatment decreased the plasma Arg concentration than the Casein treatment, whereby resulted in the decrease of milk yield (5.7%, p = 0.073), milk protein yield (60 g, p = 0.011) and milk protein efficiency (0.04, p = 0.037). In conclusion, supply of EAA profile of casein can increase the lactation production in dairy cows, and 8.6% of Leu in MP partly limits the milk protein response when the requirements of Lys, Met and His were met. The level of Arg at 4.6% MP is not deemed to an ideal profile, as evidenced by decreased milk protein efficiency.     

奶牛主要植物性蛋白质饲料蛋白质和纤维物质瘤胃降解率的研究

选用3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦产奶牛为试验动物,选取8种北方地区奶牛常用蛋白质饲料原料为试验样品,每个样品设3个重复,用尼龙袋法分别测定各个样品的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在瘤胃内的动态降解率和有效降解率。结果表明:(1)所选8种蛋白质饲料原料中葵花粕的粗蛋白质(CP)有效降解率均高于其他粗饲料,达到61.17%以上,酒精粕的粗蛋白质(CP)有效降解率最低,仅为19.03%。(2)在饲喂基础上,玉米蛋白粉所含的瘤胃降解蛋白质(RDP)的比例最高,达到30.99%以上,而酒精粕所含的比例最低,仅为5.52%。(3)豆粕所含的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的有效降解率最高,达到50.74%以上,而菜籽粕的最低,仅为11.06%。(4)玉米蛋白粉所含的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的有效降解率最高,达到59.23%以上,而酒精粕的最低,仅为11.27%。     

Alterations in biochemical profiles and reproduction performance in postpartum dairy cows with metritis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biochemical profile and reproductive performance in postpartum dairy cows with clinical metritis. The research was carried out using performed on 213 pluriparous lactating cows from two dairy herds in southeast Brazil. Dairy cows were assigned into a group of healthy cows (n = 147) and cows with metritis (n = 66). Blood samples to assess serum albumin, cholesterol, fibrinogen, calcium, gamma-glutammyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were performed on day 8 ± 2 postpartum. Metritic cows had lower (p < .05) serum albumin, cholesterol and calcium concentration, and higher (p < .05) GGT and AST activity, and BHBA and fibrinogen concentrations when compared to the healthy group. The calving-to-conception interval and services per pregnancy were higher in metritic cows (p < .01) than in healthy cows and the conception rate at first service was lower in metric group (p < .01). Variable importance in projection plots demonstrated that cholesterol was the main discriminator between metritic and healthy cows. Our results indicated alterations in the biochemical profile and impaired reproduction performance in metritic cows.     

奶牛亚临床酮病检测

本研究采用试纸条法、紫外分光光度法和酮粉法检测奶牛亚临床酮病,结果表明：以紫外分光光度法定量检测结果为诊断标准,试纸条法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,分别为69％和94％,酮粉法的检测敏感性和特异性较低,分别为56％和90％.