兔卵母细胞体外成熟培养影响因素的研究

试验旨在探讨卵丘细胞包裹层数、表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)对兔卵母细胞体外成熟培养的影响。分别采用切割法和针刺挤压法取母兔卵巢表面的卵丘卵母细胞复合体(cumulus oocyte complexes,COCS),将获取的COCS在基础培养液中添加不同浓度表皮生长因子(0ng/mL、10ng/mL、20ng/mL、30ng/mL)及不同浓度的谷胱甘肽(0μmol/mL、0.5μmol/mL、1.0μmol/mL、1.5μmol/mL、2.0μmol/mL)进行体外成熟培养并观察第一极体排出率。结果表明:①手术刀切割法和针刺挤压法平均回收卵母细胞率分别为(22.83、39.29)枚,针刺挤压法显著高于手术刀切割法(P<0.05)。②3层以上卵丘细胞包裹的卵母细胞体外成熟率为81.27%,显著高于1~3层卵丘细胞包裹的体外成熟率63.75%和裸卵细胞体外成熟率23.45%(P<0.05)。③添加20ng/mL的EGF对兔卵母细胞体外成熟培养后成熟率为82.14%,效果最好,且显著高于对照组10ng/mL和30ng/mL EGF组(P<0.05)。④添加不同浓度的谷胱甘肽可以促进和提高兔卵母细胞体外成熟率,其中添加1.0μmol/mL的谷胱甘肽时,卵母细胞成熟率为71.44%,与添加1.5μmol/mL组的相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论为添加20ng/mL的EGF和1.0μmol/mL谷胱甘肽,对用针刺挤压法获得3层以上卵丘细胞包裹的兔卵母细胞体外培养效果最佳。     

兔卵母细胞体外成熟过程中生长分化因子9基因的表达

本研究参考人、小鼠、羊等物种的GDF9基因序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR法扩增兔GDF9部分cDNA序列,实时荧光定量PCR法检测该基因在兔卵细胞体外成熟过程中的表达变化。结果获得兔GDF9基因289bp的部分cDNA序列,与人、猪、山羊相对应序列的同源性分别为81%、79%、76%。在兔卵母细胞体外成熟过程中,GDF9的表达是呈动态变化的,以0h为对照,8h表达量急剧下降,为0h的0.0124倍,16h和24h表达量分别为0h的1.4559倍和1.9096倍。     

培养时间和表皮生长因子对兔卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

本试验旨在探讨培养时间和表皮生长因子(EGF)对兔卵母细胞体外成熟及受精的影响。分别用切割法和针刺挤压法取经超排后母兔卵巢表面的卵母细胞颗粒细胞复合体(COCs),将COCs分别在不同时间(24、30、36及40h)和在基础培养液中添加不同浓度表皮生长因子(0、50、100ng/mL)进行体外成熟培养并观察其第一极体排出率。结果表明:①针刺挤压法获得COCs数明显高于切割法(P0.05);②体外成熟培养时间30(36)h的第一极体排出率高于24(40)h(P0.05);③添加50和100ng/mLEGF组卵母细胞第一极体排出率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。因此,①兔卵巢卵母细胞的获得方法以针刺挤压法较好;②兔卵母细胞成熟时间以30～36h为宜;③EGF对兔卵母细胞体外成熟有促进作用,在基础培养液中添加100ng/mLEGF为宜。     

哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟及早期胚胎发育中组蛋白修饰研究进展

在动物生产中,卵母细胞及早期胚胎的发育质量是影响动物繁殖性能的关键因素.哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟及早期胚胎发育过程中存在活跃的组蛋白修饰变化,其中对组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化研究最多,活跃的组蛋白修饰变化在细胞重编程过程中起到重要的调控作用.本文综述了哺乳动物卵母细胞及受精后早期胚胎的组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化动态修饰变化以及影响因素...     

RFRP-3对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

旨在研究RFRP-3对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。本研究采用从屠宰场收集健康母猪的卵巢中挑取的GV期卵母细胞,随机分为3组,在培养基中分别添加0、10^-6和10^-8mol·L^-1 RFRP-3培养猪卵母细胞44 h后统计各组卵母细胞的成熟率;在后续试验中将收集到的卵母细胞随机分为2组,在培养基中分别添加0和10^-8 mol·L^-1 RFRP-3培养猪卵母细胞44 h,观察猪卵母细胞的卵丘扩展情况并计算各组的卵丘扩展指数和各组卵母细胞的成熟率;利用qRT-PCR检测卵丘扩展因子(PTGS2、HAS2、PTX3)、卵母细胞分泌因子(GDF9、BMP15)和周期蛋白相关基因(CCNB1和CDK1)的表达变化;利用ELISA试剂盒检测MPF和cAMP的含量;采用放射免疫法检测孕酮和雌激素的浓度,每组卵母细胞量不少于100枚,每个试验重复3次。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加10^-8mol·L^-1 RFRP-3培养猪卵母细胞可极显著降低卵母细胞的成熟率(P<0.01);通过显微镜观察并计算卵丘扩展指数发现,试验组中卵丘扩展无明显变化(P>0.05),但卵丘扩展因子(PTGS2、HAS2、PTX3)的表达极显著下降(P<0.01);RFRP-3可以极显著降低猪卵母细胞MPF的含量(P<0.01),对cAMP的含量无显著影响(P>0.05);添加RFRP-3可促进GDF9(P<0.01)和BMP15(P<0.05)的表达,抑制CCNB1(P<0.05)和CDK1(P<0.05)的表达;同时试验组培养基中孕酮、雌激素的浓度也极显著下降(P<0.01)。综上,RFRP-3通过调控猪卵母细胞成熟相关因子和卵丘扩展因子的表达以及类固醇激素的分泌,从而抑制卵母细胞的体外成熟。本研究为阐明RFRP-3对哺乳动物卵母细胞的调控作用奠定理论基础。     

BMP-4mRNA在兔卵巢中的定位及其在卵母细胞体外成熟培养中的表达研究

为探索骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP-4)在兔卵巢中的表达模式,揭示其在卵母细胞成熟和卵泡发育以及黄体化等过程中的作用,本研究采用原位杂交方法测定BMP-4mRNA在兔卵巢中的表达定位,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测BMP-4mRNA在卵母细胞体外成熟培养过程中的表达变化。结果表明:BMP-4 mRNA在各级非闭锁卵泡均有低水平表达,在闭锁的初级卵泡、次级卵泡、近成熟卵泡中有极强或较强的表达。兔卵母细胞在体外成熟过程中有BMP-4 mRNA的微量表达,但是与0 h相比较,成熟培养4、8、24 h卵母细胞中BMP-4mRNA表达量没有明显变化,而16 h的表达量明显降低,且与0、4、8、24 h存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。由此推测,兔BMP-4在卵巢卵泡生长发育过程中微量表达可能起黄体化抑制因子作用,并且与BMP-15相互关联对卵丘扩展发挥重要作用。另外,可能高活力的BMP-4以卵母细胞的自分泌方式参与了兔卵巢卵泡的闭锁机制。     

植物组蛋白H3的研究进展

组蛋白H3是构成染色质的重要成分之一。高等植物中,组蛋白H3的氨基酸序列非常保守。越来越多的研究证明组蛋白H3在维持染色质结构的稳定性及细胞分裂的正常进行、调控植物生长发育、适应不断变化的环境等方面具有重要的作用。笔者根据近些年的研究进展,对组蛋白H3变体的分类、结构和功能、表观遗传修饰以及CENH3介导的单倍体诱导技术等方面进行了综述,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

绵羊CCCH型锌指蛋白基因ZC3H10的mRNA表达研究

为探明ZC3H10基因在绵羊组织及前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的mRNA表达规律,利用转录组测序技术分析ZC3H10在绵羊肾周脂肪、皮下脂肪和尾部脂肪组织的表达模式。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测ZC3H10在成体绵羊脂肪组织以及心脏、肾、肝、肺、脾、小肠和肌肉(背最长肌)8种不同器官组织的mRNA表达水平,测定其在体外前体脂肪细胞分化0、2、4、6、8、10d的表达变化。结果显示:ZC3H10在绵羊3个脂肪组织部位均有高水平的mRNA表达,且与脂肪沉积相关基因FABP4和ADIPOQ有相似表达特征;ZC3H10在所检测的组织均有mRNA表达,其在前体脂肪细胞分化0 d的mRNA表达显著高于其他时间点,分化10 d的表达显著低于其他时间点。绵羊ZC3H10 mRNA高表达于脂肪组织,也表达于其他多种器官组织,且在前体脂肪细胞分化过程中呈表达下调趋势,可能在脂肪代谢和脂肪细胞分化中发挥重要作用。     

lncRNA在卵母细胞成熟过程中作用的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一种长度大于200个核苷酸的RNA调控分子,它存在于细胞核和细胞质中,不具备蛋白编码能力,可以被剪切,以RNA的形式调控基因表达,并参与细胞内多种生物学调控过程。本文主要综述了lncRNA的作用机制及生物学功能、lncRNA在卵母细胞成熟过程中的研究,为进一步探讨lncRNA调控卵母细胞成熟提供理论依据。     

哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟培养中影响因素分析

从卵母细胞的超微结构、卵母细胞获取时相关因素、卵母细胞培养液体积和成分以及体外培养条件四个方面,分别阐述了对哺乳动物卵母细胞体外生长成熟过程中的影响.提出在卵母细胞体外成熟培养过程中各种因素的调控机制和相关机理仍不明确,有待进一步研究.     

Effects of cumulus cells on rabbit oocyte in vitro maturation

Cumulus cells (CCs) are of great importance in oocyte development and maturation in many species, but detailed influence of CCs has not been extensively examined, especially on rabbit. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of CCs and the elongation of in vitro maturation (IVM) time on rabbit oocyte nuclear and ooplasmic maturation and survival. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and naked oocytes (NOs) were recovered directly from rabbits super-ovulated with eCG. Corona-enclosed oocytes (COs) and denuded oocytes (DOs) were obtained from COCs after removing a part or whole of CCs. The oocytes were cultured in the following seven groups. (i) Cumulus cell enclosed oocytes (CEOs) were cultured alone (CEOs); (ii) COs were cultured alone (COs); (iii) DOs were cultured alone (DOs); (iv) NOs were cultured alone; (v) DOs were co-cultured with COCs [DOs(COCs)]; (vi) DOs were co-cultured with CCs [DOs(CCs)]; (vii) NOs were co-cultured with CCs [NOs(CCs)]. After the oocytes were cultured for 24 and 30 h, the nuclear maturation was evaluated by first polar body (PB1) extrusion while the ooplasmic maturation was evaluated by the cleavage rate after parthenogenetic activation. The results showed that the nuclear maturation rate of CEOs, COs, DOs(COCs) and DOs(CCs) after 24 h incubation were significantly different from each other (p < or = 0.05), the rate of DOs(CCs) was similar to that of DOs (p > or = 0.05). The cleavage rates in the first two groups were significantly higher than those of the others (p < 0.05). For oocytes cultured for 30 h, the nuclear maturation rates were significantly different for each culture model (p < 0.05). The cleavage rates in first two groups were significantly higher than those of others (p < 0.05). Both the nuclear and cleavage rates significantly increased when the culture time of DOs(COCs) was prolonged from 24 to 30 h. DOs(CCs) nuclear maturation was significantly improved when the culture time was prolonged from 24 to 30 h, but the ooplasmic maturation was not. Few NOs incubated with or without CCs accomplished nuclear maturation (approximately 2% both), even when the culture time was prolonged from 24 to 30 h. The oocyte degeneration rates were significantly different for each culture model after both 24 and 30 h incubation (p < or = 0.05). There was no significant difference in oocyte degeneration in the same groups between 24 and 30 h incubation (p > 0.05). The results suggest that rabbit CCs affect oocyte nuclear and ooplasmic maturation, and their survival. The prolongation of the culture time of rabbit oocyte from 24 to 30 h improves the nuclear and ooplasmic maturation differently in the present system. Rabbit oocytes free of CCs, especially NOs, show weak meiotic resumption potential and compromised viability, which cannot be improved by co-culture with dispersed CCs. The degeneration mostly happens at early time of IVM.     

Phosphorylation of histone H3 on Ser10 by auto-phosphorylated PAK1 is not essential for chromatin condensation and meiotic progression in porcine oocytes

Background

The p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is essential for mitosis and plays an important role in the regulation of microtubule assembly during oocyte meiotic maturation in mice; however, little is known about its role in porcine oocytes.

Result

Total p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and phosphorylated PAK1 at Thr423 (PAK1^Thr423) were consistently expressed in porcine oocytes from the germinal vesicle (GV) to the second metaphase (MII) stages, but phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10 (H3^Ser10) was only expressed after the GV stage. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that PAK1^Thr423 and H3^Ser10 colocalized on chromosomes after the GV stage. Blocking of endogenous PAK1^Thr423 by injecting a specific antibody decreased the phosphorylation level of H3^Ser10; however, it had no impact on chromatin condensation, meiotic progression, cleavage rate of blastomeres or the rate of blastocyst formation.

Conclusion

Phosphorylation of PAK1^Thr423 is a spontaneous activation process and the activated PAK1^Thr423 can promote the phosphorylation of H3^Ser10; however, this pathway is not required for meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes or early embryonic development.     

All‐trans retinoic acid improves goat oocyte nuclear maturation and reduces apoptotic cumulus cells during in vitro maturation

All‐trans retinoic acid (t‐RA) is a natural component and representative physiologically active metabolite of vitamin A, having multiple physiologic functions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of t‐RA on goat oocyte maturation and cumulus cell apoptosis during in vitro maturation (IVM). Immature goat cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in vitro in the absence or presence of t‐RA at concentrations of 10 nmol/L, 100 nmol/L and 1000 nmol/L. Oocyte maturation and embryo development were assessed by polar body formation and parthenogenetic activation, respectively. Oocyte survival was checked by Trypan blue staining. Apoptosis of cumulus cells was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling staining and quantitative real‐time PCR. In comparison with the control group, 100 nmol/L and 10 nmol/L t‐RA significantly improved goat nuclear oocyte maturation and survival (P < 0.05). Addition of 1000 nmol/L t‐RA improved nuclear maturation (P < 0.05), but had no effect on survival of goat oocytes. t‐RA had no positive effect on goat parthenogenetic embryonic cleavage, blastocyst formation or total cell numbers. However, t‐RA inhibits the apoptosis of cumulus cells (P < 0.01). t‐RA treatment up‐regulated the expression of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2), catalase (CAT) (P < 0.05) and down‐regulated the expression of Caspase‐8 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, t‐RA has positive effects on goat oocyte nuclear maturation and reduces apoptotic cumulus cells during IVM.     

H3N2亚型猪源流感病毒NS基因的克隆与序列分析

根据Gen Bank上已发表的H3N2亚型的猪流感病毒NS基因序列,设计合成一对引物,对四个猪流感病毒广东株提取RNA,运用RT-PCR方法获得了4株H 3N2亚型猪源流感病毒广东分离株A/Swine/Guangdong/01/04(H 3N2)、A/Swine/Guangdong/02/04(H 3N2)、A/Swine/Guangdong/03/04(H 3N 2)、A/Swine/Guangdong/04/04(H3N2)的NS基因序列,并对所得序列进行比较分析.序列分析表明,四个毒株NS基因的核苷酸序列与参考毒株的NS基因相似性高迭90%以上,说明近年来广东的H 3N2亚型猪流感病毒NS基因变异较小.遗传进化关系表明本实验四个毒株的NS基因和香港2000-2002年间的猪流感病毒的NS基因与1998-2002年间美洲流行的人流感病毒的NS基因在遗传进化树中位于同一个分支,这说明它们可能有着相近的亲缘关系.     

猪流感病毒H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型多重RT-PCR诊断方法的建立

对我国分离到的猪流感病毒和GenBank数据库中已有的猪流感病毒H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型毒株的HA、NA基因核苷酸序列进行分析,分别选出各个病毒亚型HA和NA基因中高度保守且特异的核苷酸区域,设计扩增猪流感病毒H1和H3、N1和N2亚型的2套多重PCR特异性引物,建立了猪流感H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型病毒多重RT-PCR诊断方法。采用该方法对H1N1、H1N2、H3N2亚型猪流感病毒标准参考株进行RT-PCR检测,结果均呈阳性,对扩增得到的片段进行序列测定和BLAST比较,表明为目的基因片段。其它几种常见猪病病毒和其它亚型猪流感病毒的RT-PCR扩增结果都呈阴性。对107EID50/0.1mL病毒进行稀释,提取RNA进行敏感性试验,RT-PCR最少可检测到102EID50的病毒量核酸。对40份阳性临床样品的检测结果是H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型分别为16份、1份和20份,其它3份样品同时含有H1N1和H3N2亚型猪流感病毒,和鸡胚分离病毒结果100%一致。试验证明建立的猪流感病毒H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型多重RT-PCR诊断方法是一种特异敏感的诊断方法,可用于临床样品的早期快速诊断和分型。     

部分猪场H1和H3亚型猪流感的血清学调查

为了解中国部分省市规模化猪场H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒的流行情况,采用血凝抑制试验对采集于广东、湖南、河南省12个市县28个规模化猪场的799份血清进行H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒的抗体检测。结果表明,H1亚型抗体阳性率在0~83.33%之间,猪抗体总阳性率为46.18%(369/799),猪场阳性率为89.29%(25/28)。H3亚型抗体阳性率在0~100.00%之间,猪抗体总阳性率为61.33%(490/799),猪场阳性率为85.71%(24/28)。广东、湖南和河南地区H1亚型抗体阳性率分别为48.91%、40.26%和50.67%,H3亚型抗体阳性率分别为58.55%、70.78%和78.67%。在被调查的上述3个地区的猪群中,H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒的感染较为普遍,其中H3亚型感染率高于H1亚型,且各地区猪流感病毒的流行情况存在地域性差异。