贵州剑麻品比试验和丰产栽培技术研究

采用完全随机排列的方法并对９个剑麻品种的生物量，纤维率，抗寒性等综合指标进行分析评定，同时以Ｈ．１１６４８为主要试验对象验证生产栽培技术。结果表明（１）Ｈ．１１６４８生长表现最佳，其叶宽较其它参试品种高０．４－１．７ｃｍ，纤维率４．６５％较其它品种高１．９３％－３．４８％，仅比东７４低０．１５％。（２）栽植剑麻合理的整地方式为宽窄行，大行距２．０－３．５ｍ，小行距１．０－２．０ｍ，适宜密度为４５５     

低分子量三聚氰胺－甲醛树脂固定泡桐压缩木回弹的研究

采用不同浓度的低分子量水溶性三聚氰胺－甲醛树脂溶液浸渍泡桐木材，并对其进行压缩。结果表明：浓度为６％的ＭＦ树脂处理的泡桐压缩木在室温水中几无回弹，而用２５％的ＭＦ树脂处理的压缩木试样，即使在沸水中也很少回弹。而且，２５％ＭＦ树脂处理的试样在压缩率为５０％时，表面硬度可从０．１２２ＭＰａ增加到０．３６６ＭＰａ     

低分子量三聚氰胺—甲醛树脂固定泡桐压缩木回弹的研究

采用不同浓度的低分子量水溶性三聚氰胺－甲醛树脂溶液浸渍泡桐木材，并对其进行压缩，结合表明；浓度为６％的ＭＦ树脂处理的泡桐压缩木在室温水中几无回弹，而用２５％的ＭＦ树脂处理的压缩木试样，即使在沸水中很少回弹。而且２５％ＭＦ树脂处理的试样在压缩率为５０％时，表面硬度可从０．１２２ＭＰａ增加到０．３６６ＭＰａ。     

大袋蛾危害对泡桐生长量的影响

１９９０－１９９２年在安徽省阜阳市和利辛县测定了大袋蛾ＣｌａｎｉａｖａｒｉｅｇａｔａＳｎｅｌｌｅｎ危害兰考泡桐Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ的损叶量和人工模拟危害对泡桐生长量的影响。泡桐的蓄叶量Ｔ（ｃｍ２）与胸径Ｄ（ｃｍ）呈直线关系：Ｔ＝４４５０３．３３６Ｄ－２７２６２７．０４３。大袋蛾幼虫对泡桐的平均损叶量为４７０．９３６ｃｍ２。摘叶量在５０％及其以下时，泡桐生长量没有受到显著影响，摘叶量达到或超过７５％时，生长量即显著下降。泡桐受害允许水平确定为失叶５０％。     

大袋蛾危害对泡桐生长量的影响

１９９０－１９９２年在安徽省阜阳市和利辛县测定了大袋蛾Ｃｌａｎｉａ ｕａｒｉｅｇａｔａＳｎｅｌｌｅｎ危害兰考泡桐Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａ ｅｌｎｇａｔａ的损叶量和人工模拟危害对泡桐生长量的影响。泡桐的蓄叶量Ｔ（ｃｍ＾２）与胸径Ｄｃｍ）呈直线关系：Ｔ＝４４５０３．３３６Ｄ－２７２６２７．０４３。大袋蛾幼虫对泡桐的平均损叶量为４７０．９３６ｃｍ＾２。摘叶量在５０％及其以下时，泡桐生长量没有受到显著影响，摘叶     

乌兰布和沙区人工绿洲农田防护林小气候效益与作物产量关系的研究

历经４ａ（１９９２－１９９５年）定位研究表明：试区林网内无叶期的防风效能为３９％－４０％，着叶期为５５．８％－５６．２％。气温降低０．６－０．８℃，最热月（７月）尤为明显，平均降低１．２℃，蒸发量降低２４．３％－２４．７％，相对湿度提高８％－１５％。干热风发生天数减少５８．８％，其中轻型减少３３．３％，重型减少８７．５％，在林网保护下，作物产量提高５．１４％，玉米纯增产量４６８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，纯增     

杨树不同无性系叶面积模型的选择及其建立

应用Ｌｉ－３０００Ａ叶面积仪测定了８个无性系的叶型及叶面积指标，选择了８个模型，以叶片主脉长（Ｌ）和最大宽（Ｗ），以及两者乘积（Ｌ×Ｗ）为三个变量作与叶面积的相关关系分析，筛选出复相关系数均达０．９５以上的最佳模型为：（１）与两者乘积的叶面积模型：ｌｇＹ＝ａ＋ｂｘ＋ｂ＋ｃｌｇｘ，（２）与最大宽度的模型：Ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｘ＋ｃｘ２。但与叶片主脉长模拟效果较差。此外，还得出了杨树无性系的叶面积通用模型，即：Ｙ＝—０．４５０８２６十０．０００７１Ｘ＋０．９７６３３５ｌｇｘ（ｘ为Ｌ×Ｗ），和Ｙ＝—１．６９７３８７十０．７３３４９７ｘ—０．００１２５３ｘ２（ｘ为Ｗ）。上述８个无性系及杨树通用的模型的建立为叶面积的计算、预测等生理生态研究提供了科学依据，使得叶面积测定更加省时、可靠和方便。     

四季海棠的组织培养

１植物名称：四季海棠（Begoniafibrous）。２材料类别：刚展平的嫩叶。３培养条件培养基：（单位：mg／L）（１）MS＋BA３＋２．４－D１，（２）MS＋BA２＋NAA０．２，（３）MS＋BA１＋NAA０．５，（４）MS＋BA１＋NAA０．１，（５）MS＋BA１＋２．４－D０．０５，（６）MS＋BA２＋２．４－D０．０５，（７）MS＋BA０．４＋NAA０．１，（８）１／２MS＋NAA０．５，（９）１／２MS＋BA０．０１。其中蔗糖浓度除培养（８）为２％，其余均为３％，琼脂为０．８％～１．０％，pH值为５．７～５．８，培养温度为２０±４…     

水双相法分离泡桐幼苗根细胞质膜的研究

通过对草本植物水双相法分离细胞质膜技术的改进，建立起木本植物泡桐根细胞质膜的分离纯化方法。其改进主要有：在匀浆介质中添加了抗坏血酸，加大了聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮的用量，由草本植物一般用量０．０５％－０．１％增至０．６％；对第１次双相分离后下相液中剩余的质膜进行了再回收。通过对质膜和细胞器各项标记酶指标的测定，确定了６．３％，葡聚糖（Dextran)T-500和６．３％的聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）４０００为主组成的两相系统分离的根细胞质膜具有较高的收率和纯度。该方法的建立为细胞和分子水平上研究木根系对离子吸收机理与生长发育的关系打下了基础。     

不同种源香椿叶片脂肪酸组分含量与抗寒性关系

以河南西峡、江苏南京等10个种源1年生香椿为材料,研究低温胁迫对香椿叶片脂肪酸组分含量的影响,并分析其与香椿种源抗寒性的关系。结果表明:不同种源香椿叶片膜脂脂肪酸组分相同,主要有月桂酸(12∶0)、软脂酸(16∶0)、硬脂酸(18∶0)、亚油酸(18∶2)、亚麻酸(18∶3)和花生酸(20∶0)。但含量配比和膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度(IUFA)存在明显差异。福建霞蒲、贵州黔西南和湖南洞口3种源的不饱和脂肪酸含量较低,IUFA指数也较小。而其余北方种源不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,IUFA也较高。抗寒性较强的种源膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量或脂肪酸不饱和度高。研究表明,叶片膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量和脂肪酸不饱和度与香椿种源抗寒性呈正相关关系。     

Characteristics of soil microbial biomass and community composition in Pinus yunnanensis var. Tenuifolia secondary forests

Pinus yunnanensis var. Tenuifolia is an important species of timber and grease in southern China, but the characteristics of the soil microbial community in P. yunnanensis var. natural secondary forests are still poorly understood. Using a fumigation-extraction method and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, we study microbial biomass and community composition in the topsoil (0–10 cm) of three types of secondary forests (PYI, PYII, PYIII) dominated by P. yunnanensis var. to varing degrees. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, total PLFA, and PLFA contents of bacterial, fungal, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were significantly lower in PYI than PYII or PYIII, and there were significant differences in the monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio among the tested forests. Principal component analysis indicated that the soil microbial community structure of the tested forests differed significantly. The changes in soil microbial biomass and community composition were positively correlated with soil water content, pH, organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus. Season did not significantly affect the soil microbial community structure, but significantly affected soil microbial biomass, SOM, and TN, which were higher in the dry season than in the wet season.     

油桐种籽油脂合成及其在品种类型上的差异

油桐种籽成熟过程中,种籽的含油量和水分含量是负相关。水分的亏缺,严重影响了油脂合成。从 8月 25日至 9月 15日含油量上升23.8％,而含水量下降24.55％,桐酸含量也上升,与此同时棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸以及亚麻酸的含量下降。桐酸在总脂肪酸含量中占79.42％。脂肪酸的累积、转化最活跃时期在8月份和9月上旬,这时期油桐栽培水分供应是至关重要的。 油桐不同种和品种(类型)脂肪酸组成有明显差异,以桐酸变化幅度最大,差值达16.06％。在这些样品中,桐酸含量超过76％的有15份,均为三年桐,其中少花单生果品种(类型)占12份,千年桐桐酸含量均不到70％。从油质来说,三年桐优于千年桐。在三年桐中少花单生果品种(类型)具有桐酸含量高,亚油酸、油酸含量较低的优点。     

芍药种子含油率与脂肪酸成分研究

[目的]本文对芍药种子含油率、脂肪酸成分及含量进行了探讨,为芍药开发成油料植物提供参考。[方法]选取芍药36个栽培品种和1个野生居群为样本,采用索氏提取法提取种子油脂并测定含油率,用气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对提取的籽油成分进行分析。[结果]表明:芍药36个栽培品种和1个野生居群种子平均含油率为20.20%。芍药籽油主要含有豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈一烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生酸8种脂肪酸,其中,亚麻酸含量最高,平均达34.14%,其次为油酸和亚油酸,这3种不饱和脂肪酸的含量占全部脂肪酸的93.37%。芍药籽油脂肪酸含量变化相对稳定,各脂肪酸成分的变异系数从大到小依次为亚油酸(13.90%)油酸(13.51%)亚麻酸(10.71%)棕榈酸(0.18%)硬脂酸(0.09%)花生酸(0.002%)、棕榈一烯酸(0.002%)豆蔻酸(0.00%)。[结论]芍药种子含油率高,富含亚麻酸、亚油酸和油酸,且含量相对稳定,变异很小,具有开发为高含量亚麻酸食用油潜力。     

外源苯甲酸对平邑甜茶幼苗根系膜脂过氧化的影响

大多数果树都存在连作障碍(重茬、再植病、忌地现象)现象,其中苹果(Malus)、李(Prunus salicina)、桃(Prunus)等连作障碍更为严重.杨兴洪等(1991)调查苹果重茬地成活率只有40%～60%,美国华盛顿州10年间苹果产区因重茬每公顷损失4万美元,山东省烟台大量苹果园已经表现并将面临更大面积的苹果连作问题.     

气相色谱法测定油茶籽中4种脂肪酸含量

采用气相色谱法测定油茶籽油中脂肪酸组成,结果表明：采用索氏提取法提取的油茶籽油主要由4种脂肪酸组成,分别为棕榈酸平均含量为8.44％、硬脂酸平均含量为1.46％、油酸平均含量为80.92％、亚油酸平均含量为8.26％.     

薄壳山核桃果实发育及脂肪酸累积变化规律

为了研究薄壳山核桃果实生长发育规律及果实品质特征,对‘Mahan’与‘Jinhua’这2个薄壳山核桃优良品种果实的横纵径、单果质量、脂肪含量及其各组分脂肪酸含量等生长性状指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明:1在果实发育过程中,2个品种果实的横纵径和单果质量的生长变化规律基本一致,均呈慢—快—慢的增长趋势,其发育过程均可划分为4个时期,其中‘Mahan’比‘Jinhua’早熟;2其粗脂肪含量均呈不断上升的增长趋势,7月下旬至10月中旬乃其油脂积累的重要时期,成熟果的果仁中主要含有油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等11种脂肪酸组分,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量约占90%,油酸含量最高为78.81%;3随着果实的成熟,其饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少,而不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加,‘Mahan’的不饱和脂肪酸含量高于‘Jinhua’,在果实成熟期间2个品种的油酸和硬脂酸含量均持续增加,而其亚油酸和棕榈酸含量均先增后降。     

油茶优树脂肪酸组成和相关性分析的研究

笔者针对复选出的24个油茶优树,采用仪器测试和统计分析的方法,对各优树的脂肪酸成分进行了分析,结果表明:油茶脂肪酸主要由油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸组成,其中油酸与亚油酸含量成极显著负相关,不饱和脂肪酸总量变化不大.     

云南高原山地油茶籽油脂肪酸组成及品质分析

为了解云南高原山地油茶籽油品质及其脂肪酸组成和含量,以云南高原山地主产区初选的37株油茶优树为研究对象,检测分析37株油茶优树的油茶籽油.结果表明:云南高原山地油茶籽油平均含油率为46.87％,油脂主要由油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸等脂肪酸组成,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占90％左右,油酸含量72.52％ ～84.7...     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Under Plantations in Gambo District,Southern Ethiopia

The effect of six plantation species in comparison to natural forest (NF) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks, depth-wise distribution, biomass carbon (C), and N was investigated on plantations and cultivated lands on an Andic paleudalf soil in Southern Ethiopia. The SOC, N, and bulk density were determined from samples taken in 4 replicates from 10-, 20-, 40-, 60-, and 100-cm depth under each site. Similarly, the biomass C and N of the plantation species and understory vegetation were also determined. The SOC and N were concentrated in the 0- to 10-cm depth and decreased progressively to the 1-m depth. Next to the NF, Juniperous procera accrued higher SOC and N in all depths than the corresponding plantations. No evidence of significant difference on SOC and N distribution among plantations was observed below the 10-cm depth with minor exceptions. The plantations accrue from 133.62 to 213.73 Mg ha^–1 or 59.1 to 94.5% SOC, 230.4 to 497.3 Mg ha^–1 or 6.9 to 14.9% TBC and 420.37 to 672.80 Mg ha^–1 or 12.5 to 20% total C-pool of that under the NF. The N stock under Juniperous procera was the highest, while the lowest was under Eucalyptus globulus and Cupressus lusitanica. We suggest that SOC and N sequestration can be enhanced through mixed cropping and because the performance of the native species Juniperous procera is encouraging, it should be planted to restock its habitat.