斑啄木鸟及诱饵树防治桑天牛效果的研究

通过两年对斑啄木鸟啄食桑天牛越冬幼虫的系统观察表明，在斑啄木鸟种群密度约为０．３７￣０．５５只／ｈｍ＾２时，其平均啄食率可达２４．７１％，啄食高峰期在１月份。用栽植构树饵树诱杀桑天牛成虫的方法，两年后使试验林有虫株率下降了５１．３￣８４．８％，取得了良好的效果。     

涂干剂防治杨树天牛成虫试验

用0．5％BL—1和0．25％BL—4涂干剂处理柳树，施药30d后使天牛成虫接触5s，24h死亡率分别是80％～93．2％。施药后33d内平均每株树杀死天牛分别是30．3和39．8头，而同期对照组仅为0．6头。用0．5％BL—6和0．25％BL—8涂干剂处理杨树，施药52d后使天牛成虫在毒环上爬行一次。24h防治效果均达100％，平均每株施药树杀死天牛成虫分别是7．8和7．4头，对照组为0．3头。用凡士林配制涂干剂，防治效果更佳，成本更低。用涂干剂防治杨树天牛施药方法简便，机动灵活，可以处理生长在各种环境的杨、柳、榆等树木，特别适合小级杨树和已经截干处理的诱饵树。     

利用诱饵树监测两种天牛成虫发生期的研究

利用天牛成虫期需要进行补充营养的特性，采用构树为诱饵树引诱桑天牛，棠梨为诱饵树引诱云斑天牛来监测两种天牛成虫发生期。结果表明，桑天牛在山东省沂南县出现的始盛期、高峰期、盛末期分别在７月上旬、中旬和下旬。云斑天牛在湖北省嘉鱼县分别在４月２２－２６日，４月２６－３０日和４月３０日－５月４日。     

利用诱饵树监测两种天牛成虫发生期的研究

利用天牛成虫期需要进行补充营养的特性，采用构树为诱饵树引诱桑天牛，棠梨为诱饵树引诱云斑天牛来监测两种天牛成虫发生期。结果表明，桑天牛在山东省沂南县出现的始盛期、高峰期、盛末期分别在７月上旬、中旬和下旬。云斑天牛在湖北省嘉鱼县分别在４月２２～２６日，４月２６～３０日和４月３０日～５月４日。     

徐州市桑天牛防治技术的研究

桑天牛在徐州毛白杨上发生严重。为了控制其危害，在观察掌握桑天牛发生规律及其危害特点的基础上进行了各种防治技术的研究，结果表明：结合冬、春季修枝防治桑天牛卵及初孵幼虫，基本能防止桑天牛幼虫进入主干危害；利用毛白杨周围的构树人工诱捕成虫，可将桑天牛消灭在发生危害之前；在幼虫活动初期干基打孔注射甲胺磷原油2．4mL／cm，或插磷化铝毒签或毒丝苯药棉，均可有效防治木质部幼虫，防治效果分别达71．66％，91．4％，95．8％。     

肿腿蜂,肿腿蜂带菌防治光肩星天牛幼虫试验研究

本文探讨利用肿腿蜂和肿腿蜂带菌防治光肩星天牛（Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ（Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ））幼虫。室内试验，肿腿蜂对光肩星天牛３龄幼虫寄生率１００％；对４龄幼虫２５％，对５龄幼虫无寄生效果；肿腿蜂带球孢白僵菌和肿腿蜂带拟青霉对４～５龄幼虫寄生死亡率分别为８７．５０％和９０．６３％用肿腿蜂进行林间放蜂防治试验，以２次／年，每次１００头／株，可防３龄以内皮下幼虫，防治效果为８６．０２     

稀土对银杏苗生长的影响

用５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ和４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ稀土喷施银杏幼苗。结果表明，１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ稀土对银杏幼苗生长有明显促进作用，而４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ稀土抑制银杏幼苗生长。     

斑啄木鸟及诱饵树防治桑天牛效果的研究

通过两年对斑啄木鸟啄食桑天牛越冬幼虫的系统观察表明，在斑啄木鸟种群密度约为０．３７～０．５５只／ｈｍ２时，其平均啄食率可达２４．７１％，啄食高峰期在１月份。用栽植构树饵树诱杀桑天牛成虫的方法，两年后使试验林有虫株率下降了５１．３％～８４．８％，取得了良好的效果     

桑天牛诱饵技术研究及应用

１９９４～１９９５年，在野外进行桑天牛成虫飞行距离，诱饵树设置位置，诱饵树根部药毒杀成虫以及不同被害程度杨树林分利用诱饵去防治效果的研究，结果表明，成虫最远的可飞行到２５００ｍ处的食物上取食，以在２５０－５５０ｍ间较多，诱饵树高在林外低矮植物间的引诱效果的为设在林内的３．１倍，林内诱饵树越高，引诱效果越好，诱饵树根部施入铁灭克２４０ｇ／ｍ＾２，在１５－２１天内对成虫的毒杀效果达６４．０％～８６．７     

丙硫磷对松墨天牛和马尾松毛虫的药效试验

用胃毒法测定丙硫磷对松墨天牛成虫的ＬＣ５０为１１８．０＊１０＾－６，丙硫磷在松枝上的渗透性较强，且耐雨水冲刷，在野外用２０００＊１０＾－６内硫磷喷洒松树，１１ｄ后接添牛成虫，死亡率普８８．９％。     

沙冬青3414田间肥效试验初报

采用3414试验设计方案研究了氮、磷、钾对沙冬青苗木生长状况的影响。试验通过分析不同施肥处理下沙冬青苗木的苗高、地径和分枝数的年生长量得出结论:在试验条件下,施尿素、过磷酸钙、硫酸钾量分别为0.28 g/kg、0.28 g/kg、0.38 g/kg时,沙冬青苗高和地径生长量最大;施尿素、过磷酸钙、硫酸钾量分别为0.19 g/kg、0 g/kg、0.38 g/kg或0.19 g/kg、0.14 g/kg、0.38 g/kg时,沙冬青苗木分枝数最多。     

桑天牛幼虫高毒力白僵菌菌株筛选

为利用白僵菌防治桑天牛,从野外感病死亡昆虫体上进行分离,同时利用黄粉虫对河北省土壤中的白僵菌进行诱集.诱集结果表明:白僵菌较多存在于自然的或人为活动较少的土壤中.利用获得的菌株对桑天牛幼虫进行生物测定,初步筛选出Bi05和Bs04 2个致病力较强的菌株,其接种10 d后的死亡率分别为96.47% 和92.93%,致死中时分别为4.53 d和4.83 d,而其他菌株的死亡率在28.59%和 82.12%之间,致死中时从5.84 d到16.4 d.利用不同孢子浓度的悬浮液对桑天牛幼虫进行接种,进一步测定了Bi05和Bs04菌株的致死中浓度分别为6.76×105 和1.39×106 conidia·mL-1.Bi05和Bs04菌株具有生物防治桑天牛的潜力.     

5种植物源农药对黄脊竹蝗毒力及毒饵的制备与防治效果

为揭示5种植物源农药对黄脊竹蝗毒力强度,探寻制备诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫新型毒饵的方法,采用碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氯化铵与5种植物源农药混合制备毒饵,并进行诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫试验。结果表明：5种农药对黄脊竹蝗均有良好的致死作用,1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油、0.5%藜芦碱可溶液、1.5%苦参碱可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油对黄脊竹蝗跳蝻和成虫的LC₅₀依次为1.527、0.856、1.931、0.927、1.602 mg/L和1.767、0.957、2.176、1.126、1.825 mg/L;碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氯化铵水溶液可代替人尿作为引诱剂,其最佳浓度配比为70、80和90 g/L,5种植物源农药可代替化学药剂作为胃毒剂,胃毒剂与引诱剂的体积比：1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油和1.5%苦参碱可溶液均为1∶30,1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油均为1∶20,0.5%藜芦碱可溶液为1∶15。本研究提出的毒饵制备方法,可广泛用于大量诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫,可为黄脊竹蝗的无公害防治乃至综合防治提供借鉴。     

Antitussive effect of Asparagus racemosus root against sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice

The methanol extract of Asparagus racemosus root (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant antitussive activity on sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice, the cough inhibition (40.0 and 58.5%, respectively) being comparable to that of 10–20 mg/kg of codeine phosphate (36.0 and 55.4%, respectively).     

A potential role for xylem-phloem interactions in the hydraulic architecture of trees: effects of phloem girdling on xylem hydraulic conductance

We investigated phloem-xylem interactions in Acer rubrum L. and Acer saccharum Marsh. Our experimental method allowed us to determine xylem conductance of an intact branch by measuring the flow rate of water supplied at two delivery pressures to the cut end of a small side branch. We found that removal of bark tissue (phloem girdling) upstream of the point at which deionized water was delivered to the branch resulted in a decrease (24% for A. rubrum and 15% for A. saccharum) in branch xylem hydraulic conductance. Declines in hydraulic conductance with girdling were accompanied by a decrease in the osmotic concentration of xylem sap. The decrease in xylem sap concentration following phloem girdling suggests that ion redistribution from the phloem was responsible for the observed decline in hydraulic conductance. When the same measurements were made on branches perfused with KCl solution (approximately 140 mOsm kg(-1)), phloem girdling had no effect on xylem hydraulic conductance. These results suggest a functional link between phloem and xylem hydraulic systems that is mediated by changes in the ionic content of the cell sap.     

Anxiolytic activity of aerial and underground parts of Passiflora incarnata

The petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of Passiflora incarnata whole plant and sorted out plant parts have been evaluated for their anxiolytic activity using the elevated plus-maze model in mice. The methanol extracts of leaves, stems, flowers, and whole plant exhibited anxiolytic effects at 100, 125, 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The roots were practically devoid of anxiolytic effects. These results show that roots and flowers of P. incarnata act as natural adulterants by causing a significant increase in the anxiolytic dose. Therefore, separation of these parts is recommended prior to any pharmacological, phytochemical and standardization studies on P. incarnata.     

三种新型微胶囊防治桑天牛成虫的试验研究

桑天牛是杨树黑杨派天性系树种的重要蛀干害虫之一，成虫必须在桑、构树上进行补充营养才能完成其生活史，研究溴氰菊酯，氰戊菊酯及杀螟松等三种微胶囊剂在成虫羽化期喷洒于桑、构树上毒杀成虫，雨季残效均在15天以上；无雨时溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯微胶囊长达30天以上，杀螟松微胶囊可达15天，均比相应的乳油要好。     

Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: a preliminary report

The effects of repeated oral administration of 2.5–20 mg/kg of two Citrus aurantium fruit extracts standardized to different concentrations of synephrine (4 and 6%, respectively) on food intake, body weight gain, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG) and mortality have been investigated in the rat. C. aurantium administration significantly reduced food intake and body weight gain. However, mortality (not observed in controls) was present in all C. aurantium treated groups. Arterial blood pressure was not modified, but ECG alterations (ventricular arhythmias with enlargement of QRS complex) were evident in animals treated with both extracts. Our data indicate that, in the rat, antiobesity effects of C. aurantium are accompanied by toxic effects probably due to cardiovascular toxicity.     

防治松材线虫病的室内药剂筛选

采用40％克线磷乳油、3％克百威颗粒剂、35％阿维菌素乳油及4．5％高效氯氰菊酯乳油4种药剂，分别以6种浓度梯度对松材线虫进行室内药剂生测，初步筛选出防效较好的药剂为40％克线磷乳油，其最佳的使用浓度为200mg／L。