黄皮树种源苗木性状遗传参数及其相关选择效率研究

对湖南省黄皮树１１个种源１年生苗木４个性状组２０个性状的遗传参数及其相关选择效率作了测定和分析。其结果表明：（１）４个性状组中，１７个性状在种源间存在显著差异，其中，生产力性状组的性状表型及遗传变异系数较大，而幼苗、复叶和地上生长性状组的表型及遗传变异较小；（２）地上生长性状间、生产力性状间及其相互间具有显著的表型相关和遗传相关，这为黄皮树地上与地下、生长与生产力性状间的相关选择提供了理论依据；（３）幼苗、生长及复叶性状组的性状遗传力较高，多在０．５以上，而生产力性状的遗传力相对较低，一般在０．４以下；（４）用苗高、柄高及地径３个性状，对苗皮质量和根总质量的间接选择效率高于直接选择。其中，用苗高选择苗皮质量和根总质量的选择效率分别提高１６．１％和６２．９％；用地径选择苗皮质量和根总质量的选择效率则分别提高２４．５％和１０３．８％。苗高和地径可作为黄皮树生产力性状苗期选择的主要指标。     

黄皮树种源苗木性状遗传参数及其相关选择效率研究

对湖南省黄皮树１１个种源１年生苗木４个性状组２０个性状的遗传参数及其相关选择效率作了测定和分析。其结果表明：（１）４个性状组中,１７个性状在种源间存在显著差异,其中,生产力性状组的性状表型及遗传变异系数较大,而幼苗、复叶和地上生长性状组的表型及遗传变异较小;（２）地上生长性状间、生产力性状间及其相互间具有显著的表型相关和遗传相关,这为黄皮树地上与地下、生长与生产力性状间的相关选择提供了理论依据;（     

樟树种源/家系苗期性状变异分析

为了解樟树遗传变异的来源和规律,进行了樟树苗期种源／家系两水平试验研究。结果表明,樟树的遗传变异存在于种源和家系两个层次。樟树苗高、枝下高、冻害性状在种源层次的变异远大于家系层次的变异,地径则相反。方差分析表明,樟树苗期种源间在苗高、地径、枝下高、冻害性状上有极显著差异;家系之间在苗高、地径、冻害性状上有极显著差异,在枝下高性状上无显著差异,种源内大多数家系间各性状的差异达不到显著水平。苗高、枝下高、冻害各性状值,高于富阳种源（Ｃｋ）的家系分别有１２５、９５、８８、１０８个,低于富阳种源（Ｃｋ）的分别有５６、８６、９３、７３个。苗高与种源纬度显著负相关,与年均温、１月均温、绝对低温显著相关;冻害与纬度极显著负相关,与年均温、１月均温、绝对低温显著相关;枝下高与纬度显著相关,与年均温、１月均温、绝对低温显著负相关;苗高与冻害极显著相关,与地径显著相关。     

闽楠种源苗期生长性状地理变异研究

为研究不同产地闽楠（Phoebe bournei）幼苗生长性状的变异规律及其与地理、气候因子的关系,以来源于6个省区的12个种源的种子培育的幼苗为试验材料。研究分析了闽楠幼苗苗高、地径、生物量等性状的种源差异,苗期生长性状与种源产地气候或与地理因子间的相关性以及各性状的相关性。结果表明：参试种源间生长差异显著,这些差异主要由遗传因素制约;地径、地下生物量与经度呈显著负相关关系,地径与海拔呈显著正相关关系;各观测性状与无霜期呈显著或极显著相关关系;苗木苗高、地径、生物量等性状之间呈显著或极显著相关关系。根据聚类分析结果,供试的12个种源可划分为优、良、中、差4类,其中广西、贵州种源具有较明显的生长优势。综合分析结果表显示：闽楠各种源间存在明显的遗传分化,地理隔离导致幼苗的生长性状变异丰富,西南地区种源普遍生长较好。     

樟树种源/家系苗期性状变异分析

为了解樟树遗传变异的来源和规律,进行了樟树苗期种源/家系两水平试验研究.结果表明,樟树的遗传变异存在于种源和家系两个层次.樟树苗高、枝下高、冻害性状在种源层次的变异远大于家系层次的变异,地径则相反.方差分析表明,樟树苗期种源间在苗高、地径、枝下高、冻害性状上有极显著差异;家系之间在苗高、地径、冻害性状上有极显著差异,在枝下高性状上无显著差异,种源内大多数家系间各性状的差异达不到显著水平.苗高、枝下高、冻害各性状值,高于富阳种源(Ck)的家系分别有125、95、88、108个,低于富阳种源(Ck)的分别有56、86、93、73个.苗高与种源纬度显著负相关,与年均温、1月均温、绝对低温显著相关;冻害与纬度极显著负相关,与年均温、1月均温、绝对低温显著相关;枝下高与纬度显著相关,与年均温、1月均温、绝对低温显著负相关;苗高与冻害极显著相关,与地径显著相关.     

长白落叶松生长和材质性状地理变异的研究

本文对１６年生长白落叶松６个种源进行生长和材性分析，结果表明：（１）树高、胸径、冠幅３个生长性状种源间的变异较大，基本密度、管胞长度、管胞宽度、管胞长宽比４个木材材质性状种源间变异较小，遗传变异主要存在于种源内个体间；（２）基本密度受较弱的遗传控制，其余６个性状分别受中等至较强的遗传控制；（３）长白落叶松生长和材性地理变异的基本模式是以纬向为主，温度、年降水量等环境因子是影响长白落叶松生长和材性的主导因子；（４）较低纬度、低海拔的白刀山种源为生长和材质兼优的优良种源，其次是大海林和和龙种源。     

秃杉不同家系种子品质及1年生苗木生长变异分析

对90余个秃杉家系种子品质及1年生苗木生长的观测分析表明:秃杉家系种子千粒重平均为1.342 g,变异呈连续的数量性状,近似于对数正态分布曲线;家系的场圃发芽率平均为10.56%,变异呈连续的数量性状,近似于泊松分布曲线;千粒重、场圃发芽率和苗高间呈正相关关系,而千粒重、场圃发芽率与地径相关不密切;1年生苗高和地径在家系间和家系内差异均显著或极显著,而在种源间则苗高差异极显著、地径差异不显著,苗高和地径均大于对照的有19个家系。     

南方红豆杉苗木性状种源分化和育苗环境对苗木生长的影响

利用来自10个省区27个产地的南方红豆杉种子在福建明溪和浙江淳安2个地点开展种源苗期遗传测定,系统研究苗木生长、苗高生长参数、根系特征和干物质积累等性状的种源差异及育苗环境对种源苗木生长的影响.研究结果显示:南方红豆杉苗高、地径和侧枝数存在显著的种源差异.基于苗高生长参数分析表明:种源苗高的增加主要是由于线性生长量、最高生长速率和线性生长速率的提高,而不是由于线性生长期的延长.相对于其它树种,南方红豆杉线性生长速率虽较小,但线性生长期较长.试验虽然未发现根系形态、干物质积累量的种源差异达到统计学上的显著水平,但这些性状的种源绝对值却相差较大,达20%以上.育苗环境对南方红豆杉种源生长影响较大,良好的水热资源和庇荫条件将显著促进苗木的高、径生长.苗木生长性状存在显著的种源与地点互作,但种源与遮阳处理的互作却很小.不同育苗地点南方红豆杉苗高和地径呈现出的地理变异模式是不同的:在福建明溪点,种源苗木高、径生长与产地的地理气候因子相关性较小,苗期速生种源不仅有来自自然分布区偏东部和偏北部的种源,而且还有来自偏南部和偏西部的种源;在浙江淳安点,来自偏东部和偏北部的种源苗高生长量较大,而来自偏南部和偏西部的种源生长则较慢,类似于作者对南方红豆杉有限分布区种源试验的已有研究结果.     

秃杉种源苗期变异与选择的研究

秃杉种源苗期试验研究表明，云南、贵州、湖北等８～１２个秃杉种源，７０个单株子代，种源群体间性状存在明显的遗传差异。性状变异与产地经向相关强於纬向相关的趋势。地理变异倾向於不连续遗传变异类型，以经向为主的渐变。经度偏东的贵州种源种子千粒重是湖北种源的１．６２倍，种源苗木生长快，生物量高，冠幅宽而长，根系发达。据对秃杉不同种源苗期生长发育，生物量测定１０个表型性状进行聚类分析，参照分布区生态特点，将秃杉分布区种源划分为３个种源区，２个亚区。变异、区划与选择为秃杉遗传改良提供了依据     

红锥种源多点育苗试验研究

通过在7个育苗点进行10个红锥地理种源的育苗试验研究，进行了种源种子千粒重、苗高在种源和育苗点的变异性分析，10个种源间在千粒重上存在极显著差异，种源间的平均苗高差异不显著，而各育苗点间的苗高存在极显著差异。对种源来源地概况、种源种子千粒重与种源平均苗高，育苗试验点概况与苗高等各因子进行了相关性分析，种源种子千粒重与种源的平均苗高呈极显著正相关，平均苗高与种源来源地的经度、年均温、年降雨相关不显著；苗高与年均温、1月均温呈显著的正相关，各育苗点的年降雨、湿度、极端高温、7月均温与苗高相关不显著。     

Early growth differentiation among Prosopis flexuosa D.C. provenances from the Monte phytogeographic province,Argentina

Early-growth differentiation among seven provenances of Prosopis flexuosa (algarrobo dulce) from the Monte phytogeographic province, Argentina, was studied by comparing their height growth; whole-seedling dry mass gain; allocation to root, stem and leaves; leaf number and leaf area in a common garden. Differentiation among provenances was detected for all the seedling characters examined except leaf number. Family variation within provenances was significant for height growth and leaf number. Variation on the provenance level was related to the elevation, geographic location, and some abiotic conditions of the seed source such as mean annual temperature and frost free period. Latitudinal clines were evident for almost all the growth traits. They were more pronounced for height and aboveground mass, and moderate for total plant mass and leaf area per plant. In addition, a good correspondence in growth traits between young seedlings and older trees of this species (studied by others authors) was also assessed. This fact would permit an early selection and genetic advances in the short term in breeding programs.     

乐东拟单性木兰地理种源变异与选择研究

对乐东拟单性木兰14个种源种子、苗期以及幼林期生长性状进行了调查分析.结果表明:种子千粒质量、苗高、地径、叶长和叶宽等5个性状在种源间差异极显著;造林保存率种源间差异显著,来自北部的种源,如浙江龙泉种源保存率较高,而来自南部的海南尖峰岭种源保存率较低;幼林期4年生树高、5年生树高和胸径、6年生树高和胸径等5个主要生长性状种源间差异均达到极显著水平,其生长性状广义遗传力为0.855～0.930,说明乐东拟单性木兰幼林期主要生长性状的表型差异主要受遗传因素的控制;乐东拟单性木兰苗高和地径与纬度负相关,表明随种源纬度的升高,乐东拟单性木兰种源苗期生长有减小趋势;乐东拟单性木兰幼林期树高和胸径与经度正相关,与纬度极显著正相关.根据乐东拟单性木兰种源幼林期试验结果,选择出浙江龙泉、福建顺昌和湖南新宁3个优良种源.通过聚类分析,把乐东拟单性木兰种源初步划分为3个区:西部种源区、东部种源区和南部种源区.     

Effects of Culture Media and Light Intensity on in vitro Growth of Oncidium under CO2 Enrichment Condition

The effects of culture media and light intensity on in vitro growth of Oncidium ‘Aloha Iwanga‘ were investigated under CO2 enrichment condition. Height, fresh and dry weight of the Oncidium seedlings were measured, and the leaf number per plant, shoot number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content were also investigated. The results were as follows: 1) The seedling height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content of the shoots growing on MS complete culture medium were higher than those on 1/2MS, VW and 1/2VW media. The root number per plant and ratio of dry matter of the seedlings cultured on 1/2MS and 1/2VW media were higher than those on MS and VW; 2) The seedling height, flesh weight, dry weight, dry matter ratio and leaf chlorophyll content, leaf length, leaf width, root length, leaf number per plant, root number per plant of seedlings of Oncidium growing under 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx were higher than those under 750 lx. However, there was no significant difference in those growth parameters mentioned above while dealing with 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx except for the seedling height. Nevertheless, the leaf color of plants under 4 500 lx was lighter and the leaves of the lower parts became yellowish in comparison with those growing under 1 700 lx.     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

厚朴苗木质量与幼树生长关系的研究

为提高厚朴造林质量,开展了苗木地径、亩高与厚朴幼树生长关系的研究,结果表明：厚朴苗木高度对幼树生长无明显的影响,苗木过高反而会降低造林成活率;苗木地径大于0．9cm时,地径对幼树生长也无显著的影响。因此,厚朴苗木不宜以苗高为分级依据。厚朴苗木的适宜高度可从便于起苗、运输、栽种等生产环节来确定。厚朴苗木地径的分级,优质苗的下限也不应大于0.9cm。     

油松全同胞家系苗期生长性状遗传变异研究

对来自陕西省陇县八度林场和洛南古城林场两个油松种子园的47个全同胞家系进行苗期试验,结果表明,一年生幼苗苗高、地径、子叶长度、真叶长度、下胚轴高等性状苗期表现在家系间差异显著而在家系内差异不显著;一年生幼苗地径与苗高间存在显著相关关系,真叶长度与地径和苗高均存在显著相关关系,下胚轴高与苗高存极显著相关关系,其余性状间的相关性不显著,二年生幼苗苗高与地径间仍为显著相关关系。二年生与一年生油松幼苗的苗高间存在极显著相关关系,二年生的苗高与一年生地径间也存在显著相关关系,二年生与一年生油松幼苗地径间的相关性则不显著;各性状的家系遗传力均大于单株遗传力。家系遗传力与单株遗传力由大到小的顺序均为苗高>真叶>下胚轴>地径>子叶;初步选取了D8×G3,276×52,C16×B32,B146×K60,265×16,65×305,48×230,B69×B26,44×270,66×245,D11×G8等11个优良家系。     

不同藏川杨无性系1年生苗期生长差异比较

从西藏川藏公路沿线收集300个藏川杨优株的穗条,以黑杨为砧木进行嫁接,经扦插繁育后形成114个无性系,通过对1年生的藏川杨无性系生长性状和叶片性状的测定分析,结果表明,藏川杨无性系间苗高和地径差异极显著,无性系间生长差异大,选择潜力大。结合苗高和地径主要苗期生长性状,选择出11个生长快速的无性系,并发现藏川杨不同无性系间分枝习性、叶片性状存在丰富的遗传变异。以叶片、叶柄、分枝等性状为参数,当欧氏距离阈值为10时,可将藏川杨无性系分为6类。     

不同培养方法对"三峡一号"猕猴桃无菌苗生长影响的研究

试验结果表明 ,在“三峡一号”猕猴桃组织培养中半固体培养不降低无菌苗生长势 ,对无菌苗生长有一定促进作用 ,适合于“三峡一号”无菌苗的快速繁殖。半固体培养 2 8d比相同条件下固体培养的无菌苗分化植株高出 1 2 0 % ,平均植株高度高出 68 84% ,植株叶片数高出1 1 5 1 5 % ,单叶面积高出 36 1 2 % ,经方差分析 ,前三者差异极显著 ,单叶面积差异显著 ,具有统计学意义 ;半固体培养 60d比相同条件下固体培养的无菌苗植株高度、单株叶片数、单叶面积分别高出 81 6%、5 7 4%、35 98% ,经方差分析 ,前三者差异极显著 ,具有统计学意义。