Some Observations on the Estimation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (S-GPT) in the Dog

Abstract— —Estimations of S-GPT activity in the dog have been made by colorimetric and u.v. methods and compared. It has been demonstrated that the colorimetric method is less sensitive than the u.v. method, but that it is still useful and can readily be carried out in the small laboratory or surgery side-room. The colorimetric method can give an estimate (based on u.v. method as reference) of 60–80 per cent of all cases of moderate or severe liver damage within the range 40–80 SFU (19–38 i.u.). Estimated by the u.v. method the prediction would be 80–100 per cent. Some preliminary tests have been made on the effect of handling, postage and diet on the levels of S-GPT activity. A screening method is recommended. Résumé— —L'auteur a évalué l'activité de la transaminase glutamino-pyruvique sérique (TGPS) chez le chien, par les méthodes célérimétrique et UV, en comparant les résultats obtenus. La premièe méthode, moins précise que la seconde, demeure toutefois utile et présente l'avantage d'être applicable dans un laboratoire restreint. Elle fournit une évaluation située entre 60 et 80 pour cent (par rapport à la méthode UV) pour toutes les lésion hépatiques relativement graves, dans la gamme de 40–80 u.s.f., soit 19–38 u.i. Sur la base de la méthode UV, la précision atteindrait 80–100 pour cent. L'auteur a effectué des tests préliminaires tendant à déterminer I'effet sur le niveau d'activité de la TGPS des conditions de travail (manipulation et transport) et du régime. II recommande une méthode de dépistage. Zusammenfassung— —Bestimmungen der S-GPT-Aktivität beim Hund wurden mit celerimetri-schen und UV-Methoden durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Es zeigte sich, dass die celerimetrische Methode weniger empfindlich als die UV-Methode ist, aber noch Brauchbarkeit besitzt und leicht im kleinen Laboratorium oder in Praxisnebenräumen durchgeführt werden kann. Die celerimetrische Methode erlaubt die FeststeIlung von 60–80% (bezogen auf die Ergebnisse mit der UV-Methode) aller Fälle mittleren oder starken Leberschadens im Bereich von 40–80 SFU (19–38 I.E.). Nach der UV-Methode wäre die Erfassung 80–100% gewesen. Einige vorläufige Prüfungen wurden hinsichtlich des Einflusses der Behandlung, der Unterbringung und des Futters auf die S-GPT-Aktivität durchgeführt. Eine selektive Methode wird empfohlen.     

Anatomic Observations of the Coronary Sinus in the Dog (Canis familiaris)

The coronary sinus was investigated in 34 normal adult dogs, in order to verify its formation, tributaries, length and the valves, as well as the relationship of the venous walls to the epicardium and to the myocardium. The valve of the coronary sinus was observed in only 4 cases (1.7 %). In 30 cases (98.3 %) the ostium of the coronary sinus was lacking a valve. The valve of Vieussens double, was found at the level of the transition between the great cardiac vein and the coronary sinus, as well as others parietal venous valves. A comparison with the human pattern was made, particularly regarding the action of the valve of the coronary sinus and the formation of the sinus.     

Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease in the Dog and Cat

Bronchoalveolar lavage is a diagnostic procedure used to obtain specimens representative of disease processes involving the deep lung. Saline is instilled into an airway in sufficient volumes to bathe the alveoli dependent on that airway. The saline is retrieved by suction along with cellular and acellular material lining the epithelial surfaces of the lung. Cytologic and microbiologic evaluation of the fluid can be used to characterize pulmonary diseases in the dog and cat.     

Evaluation of an Esophageal Stethoscope as an Early Predictor of Serious Cardiovascular Insufficiency in the Dog

Accuracy of an esophageal stethoscope combined with a vital signs monitor (VSM) was evaluated as an early predictor of cardiovascular failure during anesthesia. In 10 anesthetized dogs, hypotension and reduction in cardiac output were induced by gradually increasing the inspired halothane concentration. Cardiovascular performance and intensity of heart sounds recorded by the esophageal stethoscope and amplified by the VSM were assessed as depth of anesthesia was increased. Halothane concentration was increased until cardiovascular performance was reduced to a point where heart sounds were no longer audible from the VSM. The esophageal stethoscope in combination with the VSM was easy to use and the unit had an excellent signal to noise ratio. However, usefulness of the esophageal stethoscope as an early predictor of serious cardiovascular depression could not be substantiated. In three dogs, cardiac arrest occurred simultaneously with the loss of heart sounds and in the remaining seven dogs, sound loss occurred when the degree of cardiovascular depression was life threatening.     

Original Rhinostomy Technique for the Treatment of Pseudo-odontoma in a Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)

A 3-year-old, female black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) was presented for complications related to an earlier rhinostomy procedure and placement of a breathing tube for treatment of a pseudo-odontoma. The complaint by the owner was that the prairie dog would constantly remove the breathing tube. The breathing tube was replaced with a human earlobe retractor positioned (partially) under the nasal bones. The patient tolerated the procedure and location of the human earlobe retractor. This is the first reported case using a human earlobe retractor to function as a permanent rhinostomy device in a prairie dog.     

Evaluation of an Omental Pedicle Extension Technique in the Dog

A two-step omental pedicle extension technique was performed on 10 dogs. Step 1 of the pedicle extension involved release of the dorsal leaf of the omentum from its pancreatic attachment, whereas step 2 consisted of an inverse L-shaped incision to double the length of the pedicle. The pedicle dimensions were measured and the distance reached when extended toward the hind limb, forelimb, and the muzzle recorded after each stage of the procedure. The vascular patency of the pedicle was determined by intravenous injection of flu-orescein dye after the second stage of omental extension. Mean pedicle lengths were 44.5 cm with the first stage of extension and 82.0 cm after full extension. The mean width at the caudal extent of the pedicles after dorsal and full extension was 30.4 cm and 17.2 cm, respectively. Eight of the 10 pedicles were patent after full extension. The fully extended omental pedicles reached and, in most cases, extended beyond the distal extremities and the muzzle. The findings in this study suggest that the canine omentum can be extended to any part of the body without being detached from its vascular supply.     

A Comparison of Standard Femoral Head and Neck Excision and Femoral Head and Neck Excision Using a Biceps Femoris Muscle Flap in the Dog

Sixteen normal 20 to 30 kg dogs had standard femoral head and neck excision (8 dogs) or femoral head and neck excision with interposition of a biceps muscle flap (8 dogs). Lameness lessened at week 6, and did not differ between groups; neither group returned to a completely normal gait. Weightbearing decreased on the operated pelvic limb compared to controls (forceplate analysis). Weightbearing force of the muscle flap dogs was significantly less at weeks 6 and 16 than that of the standard femoral head and neck excision dogs. The operated limb of both groups was shortened; shortening was significantly greater for the muscle flap group. Hip extension was limited in both groups. Both groups had decreased (more acute) hip, stifle, and hock angles measured in standing position. Thigh muscle atrophy was more pronounced in the muscle flap group at week 6. More soft tissue was interposed in the muscle flap group at necropsy compared to the group with standard femoral head and neck excision, but the difference was not statistically significant. Skeletal muscle fibers were present in the interposed fibrous connective tissue of the muscle flap group, and the healed surfaces were smoother than those of the standard femoral head and neck excision group.     

一例犬糖尿病的诊断与治疗

犬糖尿病是犬的常发疾病,其临床症状为多饮、多食、多尿、体重下降。持续的血糖升高导致机体代谢紊乱,出现如白内障、胰腺炎、肾上腺皮质机能亢进等继发症,对犬的生活质量及生命健康造成严重的威胁。论文对1例Ⅰ型糖尿病犬进行详细分析,通过测量血糖、尿糖确诊为糖尿病,并通过实验室检查包括血细胞计数、血清生化检测及血气分析,排除并发症。治疗过程与主人共同配合,使用外源性胰岛素结合食物疗法与运动疗法。目前该犬的血糖稳定并接近正常值,身体状况得到改善,生活质量提高,主人对治疗效果满意。持续治疗方法是根据犬的身体情况及血糖变化适当调整胰岛素的剂量。     

犬瘟热的诊疗及血细胞变化监测

患犬经临床检查和实验室检验确诊为犬瘟热.综合采用抗病毒、抗菌、对症治疗和支持疗法,并对诊疗过程中患犬的血细胞变化进行了监测;患犬康复后留有抽搐后遗症.     

Perianal Fistulas in the Dog Retrospective Evaluation of Surgical Treatment by Deroofing and Fulguration

Deroofing and fulguration (DR&F) was used as a surgical treatment for perianal fistulas in 30 dogs over a 5 year period at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. A retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of this procedure was based on a written questionnaire completed by the owners. Dogs were placed initially into one of four categories according to their degree of perianal involvement: 0 to 90°, 91 to 180°, 181 to 270°, and 271 to 360°. The mean elapsed time between the last surgical treatment and follow-up evaluation was 39 months (range 6 to 63 months). Seventy-seven percent of the dogs were German shepherds. Sixty-seven percent of the dogs were intact males. The mean age of the dogs at the time of onset was 59 months (range 22 to 106 months). The most common presenting clinical signs were owner recognition of fistulous tracts (97%), tenesmus (37%), and licking of the perianal region (20%). The most frequently encountered postoperative complications were recurrence (70%) followed by varying degrees of incontinence (23%) and tenesmus (20%). Incontinence was transient in 5 of 7 dogs. Long-term results were the following: 5 dogs (17%) excellent, 13 dogs (43%) good, 3 dogs (10%) fair, and 9 dogs (30%) poor. Anal sacculectomy as an adjunct therapy was generally done only when the anal sacs were secondarily involved. In 2 dogs, prophylactic anal sacculectomy was done at the time of DR&F. The use of this technique is advocated in dogs moderately affected with perianal fistulas (0 to 180°) because of the minimal invasiveness, limited postoperative morbidity, and relative effectiveness of the procedure as demonstrated by the results of this study. In those dogs more severely affected, DR&F was not shown to be superior to other methods previously described.     

一例犬皮下气肿的诊治

随着宠物饲养数量的增多,犬皮下气肿逐渐成为小动物临床的一种常见病.其原因复杂,常见于食道、胃或气管、肺等损伤,皮肤伤口、手术切口感染等.患处皮肤肿胀,因发病原因各异而出现不同的临床表现,轻微者无明显不适,严重者会出现饮食欲下降,精神不振,甚至致死.皮肤疏松部位的气肿如不及时治疗,易向周边扩散,甚至蔓延至全身.论文报告了...     

犬第三眼睑增生切除法与包埋法治疗效果的比较

犬第三眼睑增生是由于腺体肥大等原因与瞬膜一起从眼内向外翻转而发生炎症的一种眼病,多采用切除法与包埋法进行治疗。为研究犬第三眼睑增生切除法与包埋法的利弊,本试验将20只双眼患第三眼睑增生且不患其他疾病的犬分为切除组和包埋组,进行手术并跟踪观察比较治疗效果。结果显示,切除法具有手术简便、恢复时间短等优势,但患犬治愈后会有干眼病等后遗症发生,对犬的健康有极大危害;而包埋法虽然手术复杂,恢复时间较长,但只要能熟练的操作也能达到治愈效果,且对患犬不会产生其他不良影响。结果表明,虽然2种手法各有利弊,但切除法的弊大于利,后遗症会带给犬更多的不便;而包埋法的利大于弊,只要能熟练掌握手术方法,做好术后的护理,就可以克服弊端。建议在今后的临床中应尽量的建议前来就诊的畜主使用包埋法对第三眼睑增生进行治疗。     

一例犬恶性黑色素瘤的临床诊治

犬黑色素瘤比较常见,以皮肤色素深的老年犬多发。通过对1例患恶性黑色素瘤松狮犬的跟踪观察和治疗,就其临床症状、病理诊断做了较为详细的研究,以期为该病在小动物临床中的诊疗提供依据。