一个水稻苗期温敏感白色条斑叶突变体的遗传分析及基因定位

通过对粳稻品种嘉花1号60Coγ射线诱变,从M2中筛选出一株低温敏感型白色条斑叶突变体(tws)。它在低温(20℃,24℃)条件下培养时,苗期第3和第4叶表现出白色条斑,而第5叶开始转为正常。低温条件下该突变体白斑叶片叶绿素含量明显下降。该突变体白色条斑叶性状具有温敏感性,且与叶龄相关。遗传分析表明,该突变性状受1对隐性核基因控制,定名为tws(thermo-sensitive white stripe-leaf)基因。以tws突变体与籼稻9311杂交的F2分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记将该基因定位在第4染色体MM3907和MM3928之间,其物理距离约为86kb。     

光照敏感型水稻红根突变体遗传分析及基因的分子定位

 在自然光条件下水培籼稻品种Nankinkodo中,发现根为红色的自然突变体,命名为HG1。水培条件下该突变体在光照强度大于29 μmol/（m2·s）的可见光下,根开始转红,在光照强度为180 μmol/（m2·s）的可见光下,呈鲜红,具有明显的光照敏感性。遗传分析表明,该突变体光照敏感性的红根性状由1对显性基因控制, 暂命名为Lsr。利用微卫星标记将Lsr基因定位在第4染色体上RM252与RM303之间,遗传距离分别为9.8 cM和6.4 cM, 这为Lsr基因的精细定位和克隆奠定了基础。     

一个水稻苗期白条纹叶及抽穗期白穗突变体的鉴定和基因定位

从粳稻中花11组培后代中发现了一个苗期白条纹,抽穗期自穗的突变体.该突变体表现为1叶期叶全白,2叶期从新叶叶尖开始沿叶脉逐渐转绿,至成株期完全变绿,抽穗后内外颖表现为自色,穗轴和小枝梗表现为绿色,成熟后颖壳转黄.根据基因定位结果,将该突变体定名为wslwp(white striped leaf and white pa...     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Novel White Striped Leaf Mutant Gene in Rice

A new white striped leaf mutant wsl1 was discovered from Nipponbare mutated by ethyl methanesulfonate. The mutant showed white striped leaves at the seedling stage and the leaves gradually turned green after the tillering stage. The chlorophyll content of wsl1 was significantly lower than that of wild-type during the fourth leaf stage, tillering stage and booting stage. The numbers of chloroplast, grana and grana lamella were reduced and the thylakoids were degenerated in wsl1 compared with wild type. Genetic analysis showed that the wsl1 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Molecular mapping of the wsl1 was performed using an F₂ population derived from wsl1/Nanjing 11. The wsl1 was finally mapped on the telomere region of chromosome 9 and positioned between simple sequence repeat markers RM23742 and RM23759 which are separated by approximately 486.5 kb. The results may facilitate map-based cloning of wsl1 and understanding of the molecular mechanism of the regulation of leaf-color by WSL1 in rice.     

水稻白条纹叶突变体st11的遗传分析与基因定位

白条纹叶突变体st11是从粳稻品种Kitaake组培过程中获得的。该突变体在分蘖前叶色表现为正常,从分蘖期开始新生叶表现为白条纹直至成熟期。与野生型相比,该突变体的分蘖、株高、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状没有发生明显变化。遗传分析表明该突变体白条纹叶性状受一对隐性核基因控制。利用该突变体分别与水稻02428、Jodan杂交构建了两个F2群体用于基因定位。通过集群分离分析(bulked segregant analysis)发现该基因位于第1染色体端粒附近,并与分子标记RM151和RM10080连锁。进一步利用更多分子标记分析F2群体,我们将该基因定位于I10和I26两个标记之间大约270kb的区间内。     

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Rice Tiller Angle Mutant tac2

Tiller angle, a very essential agronomic trait, is significant in rice breeding, especially in plant type breeding. A tiller angle controlling 2 (tac2) mutant was obtained from a restorer line Jinhui 10 by ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis. The tac2 mutant displayed normal phenotype at the seedling stage and the tiller angle significantly increased at the tillering stage. A preliminary physiological research indicated that the mutant was sensitive to GA. Thus, it is speculated that TAC2 and TAC1 might control the tiller angle in the same way. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a major recessive gene and was located on chromosome 9 using SSR markers. The genetic distances between TAC2 and its nearest markers RM3320 and RM201 were 19.2 cM and 16.7 cM, respectively.     

水稻白叶白穗突变体wlwp7的鉴定与基因定位

水稻叶穗色泽突变体为解析不同器官叶绿素生物合成之间的内在联系提供了优良的遗传材料。本研究鉴定了1份白叶白穗突变体wlwp7（white leaf and white panicle 7）,分析了wlwp7的形态、生理和遗传特点。结果表明：wlwp7对低温敏感,当环境温度为20 ℃时苗期叶片白化,但温度升高至30 ℃后叶色正常;大田环境下wlwp7抽穗后颖壳白化,叶绿素含量降低至野生型的40.73%;除结实率较野生型T98B下降6.28%外,其他产量性状不受影响;遗传分析发现,wlwp7与T98B的正反杂交F₂群体中都未出现白叶绿穗和绿叶白穗重组单株,经卡方检测白叶白穗突变单株与绿叶绿穗野生型单株的理论分离比符合1∶3,表明白叶白穗性状受同一隐性核基因控制;利用BSA策略进一步将wlwp7定位在第3染色体上一个280 kb的区域内,该区域未有已报道的白叶白穗基因。本研究发现了wlwp7同时控制叶部和穗部叶绿素合成,精细定位结果为最终克隆wlwp7奠定了基础。     

水稻白条纹突变体st13的表型分析及基因定位

【目的】叶色突变相关基因鉴定和克隆有助于研究光合作用,补充并完善叶绿体发育机理和色素合成代谢途径,为开展水稻的高光效育种提供理论依据。【方法】从粳稻品种Dongjin的组培后代中分离出一个白条纹突变体st13,成熟期测定野生型和st13的主要农艺性状,苗期测定色素含量并观察叶绿体的超微结构;将st13和Dongjin进行正反交,观察F_1植株表型,并对F_2表型分离进行卡方检验,对st13进行遗传分析;利用st13×南京11(籼稻品种)的F_2和F_(2:3)群体,对st13突变基因定位;采用qPCR分析叶绿体发育和叶绿素合成相关基因在st13与野生型相对表达量。【结果】与野生型Dongjin相比,该突变体的株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、结实率和千粒重等主要农艺性状显著下降。苗期的色素含量降低,分蘖期无差异。突变体的叶绿体中既有含丰富的类囊体膜结构的正常叶绿体,也存在无类囊体结构的叶绿体。遗传分析和基因定位结果表明,st13的突变表型受1对隐性核基因控制,突变基因位于第3条染色体长臂InDel(Insertion-Deletion)标记I3-21和I3-22之间。进一步在这两个标记之间设计了6对InDel标记,最终将基因定位在94kb区间内,此区间共有8个候选基因。【结论】这8个候选基因中,有5个假定的蛋白,其他三个都是有功能注释的蛋白,而这三个蛋白在水稻中均未见报道,因此,st13突变是由一个新的叶色基因突变引起的;同时st13中叶绿体发育、叶绿素合成和光合系统相关基因的表达也发生了显著改变,推测ST13可能是调控叶绿体发育的关键基因。     

Morphological Structure and Genetic Mapping of New Leaf-Color Mutant Gene in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Leaf-color mutations are a widely-observed class of mutations, playing an important role in the study of chlorophyll biosynthesis and plant chloroplast structure, function, genetics and development. A naturally-occurring leaf-color rice mutant, Baihuaidao 7, was analyzed. Mutant plants typically exhibited a green-white-green leaf-color progression, but this phenotype was only expressed in the presence of a stress signal induced by mechanical scarification such as transplantation. Prior to the appearance of white leaves, mutant plant growth, leaf color, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure appeared to be identical to those of the wild type. After the changeover to white leaf color, an examination of the mutated leaves revealed a decrease in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content, a reduction in the number of chloroplast grana lamella and grana, and a gradual degradation of the thylakoid lamellas. At maturity, the mutant plant was etiolated and dwarfed compared with wild-type plants. Genetic analysis indicated that the leaf mutant character is controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Genetic mapping of the mutant gene was performed using an F2 population derived from a Baihuaidao 7 × Jiangxi 1587 cross. The mutant gene was mapped to rice chromosome 11, positioned between InDel markers L59.2-7 and L64.8-11, which are separated by approximately 740.5 kb. The mutant gene is believed to be a new leaf-color mutant gene in rice, and is tentatively designated as gwgl.     

水稻迟抽穗突变体dth9的遗传分析与基因定位

在EMS诱变的93-11突变体库中筛选到一个稳定遗传的迟抽穗突变体dth9(days to heading 9)。该突变体的抽穗期比野生型延长了50d左右,其他农艺性状基本无异。遗传分析表明迟抽穗性状受一个隐性核基因控制。以突变体dth9与日本晴和武运粳7号杂交构建的F2分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记和新开发的8个InDel标记,将DTH9定位在第9染色体着丝粒附近D9-9和D9-17之间240kb的区间内,该区域尚未发现与抽穗期有关的基因。此外,实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,在突变体dth9中与抽穗期相关基因的表达量显著降低。     

Identification and Genetic Mapping of a Lesion Mimic Mutant in Rice

A lesion mimic stripe mutant,designated as lms1(lesion mimic stripe 1),was obtained from the M2 progeny of a 60Co γ-radiation treated japonica rice variety Jiahua 1.The lms1 mutant displayed propagation type lesions across the whole growth and developmental stages.Physiology and histochemistry analysis showed that the mutant exhibited a phenotype of white stripe when grown under high temperature(30 ℃),and the lesion mimic caused by programmed cell death under low temperature(20 ℃).The genetic analysis indicated that this lesion-mimic phenotype is controlled by a single locus recessive nuclear gene.Furthermore,by using simple sequence repeat markers and an F2 segregating population derived from two crosses of lms1 × 93-11 and lms1 × Pei'ai 64S,the lms1 gene was mapped between markers Indel1 and MM0112-4 with a physical distance of 400 kb on chromosome 6 in rice.     

一个水稻分蘖角度突变体tac2的遗传分析和基因初步定位

  水稻散生突变体tac2是以恢复系缙恢10号为材料经甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）化学诱变所得。该突变体苗期表型正常,分蘖期株型松散,分蘖角度较野生型显著增大,株高明显降低。外源赤霉素处理可以使该突变体株高恢复,但分蘖角度不受影响。遗传分析表明该突变性状受1对隐性主效基因控制。利用分子标记将该基因初步定位于第9染色体上的RM3320与RM201之间,遗传距离分别为19.2和16.7 cM。     

一个水稻金黄色颖壳和节间基因的遗传定位

R68是带有金黄色颖壳和节间标记的籼稻恢复系。对来源于组合中9A/R68 的F2群体的遗传分析表明,R68的金黄色颖壳和节间性状由1对隐性基因控制。利用SSR分子标记,采用隐性群体分析法,把金黄色颖壳和节间基因定位在第3染色体上,位于RM1230、RM7000和RM227、RM514之间,遗传距离分别为8.7、3.3、2.7和4.7 cM,暂将该基因命名为 gh 5。     

一个水稻类病条纹斑突变体的鉴定和遗传定位

 粳稻品种嘉花1号经60Co γ射线辐射诱变后获得一个水稻类病斑突变体MR07, 暂命名为lms1。该突变体的病斑在全生育期均表现,属于扩散型类病斑突变体。生理和组织化学分析表明,该突变体在高温条件下（30℃）培养时只表现为白色条斑,低温条件下（20℃）培养时表现出细胞自主性死亡的坏死病斑。遗传分析表明,该突变体受1对隐性核基因控制。以lms1突变体与籼稻9311、培矮64S杂交的两个F2分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记和Indel标记将该基因定位在第6染色体上,位于标记InDel1和MM0112-4之间,其物理距离为400 kb。     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of TWH Gene in Rice Twisted Hull Mutant

A mutant with twisted hulls was found in a breeding population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant shows less grain weight and inferior grain quality in addition to twisted hulls. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as TWH). To map the TWH gene, an F2 population was generated by crossing the twh mutant to R725, an indica rice variety with normal hulls. For bulked segregant analysis, the bulk of mutant plants was prepared by mixing equal amount of plant tissue from 10 twisted-hull plants and the bulk of normal plants was obtained by pooling equal amount tissue of 10 normal-hull plants. Two hundred and seven pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, which are distributed on 12 rice chromosomes, were used for polymorphism analysis of the parents and the two bulks. The TWH locus was initially mapped close to the SSR marker RM526 on chromosome 2. Therefore, further mapping was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers around the marker RM526. The TWH was delimited between the SSR markers RM14128 and RM208 on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. These results provide the foundation for further fine mapping, cloning and functional analysis of the TWH gene.     

水稻矮秆多分蘖突变体mz3的遗传分析和基因定位

通过EMS诱变粳稻品种中花11获得一个稳定遗传的矮秆多分蘖突变体mz3。遗传分析表明该突变性状受一对隐性基因控制,并利用mz3与籼稻品种南京11杂交建立的F2群体,将该基因定位在水稻第6染色体长臂上的SSR标记RM19353与RM510之间约747kb范围内。由于该区间包含控制水稻株高和分蘖的D3基因,结合表型分析,推测突变基因与D3可能为一对等位基因。设计7对引物分别对中花11与突变体mz3的基因进行测序,结果显示,与中花11相比,D3基因在mz3中第636位核苷酸由G突变为A,使得编码色氨酸的密码子TGG突变为终止密码子TGA,导致翻译提前终止。进一步对定位群体中10个隐性极端个体测序,结果显示所有极端个体都带有该突变位点。亚细胞定位结果表明,突变体编码的D3蛋白与野生型一样定位在细胞核中,荧光双分子互补试验结果表明,突变体D3蛋白不能与D14蛋白发生互作,推测突变体编码的D3截短蛋白缺少了与D14互作的氨基酸序列,从而阻碍了独脚金内酯信号传递。因此,mz3表型很可能由D3基因突变引起。     

一个水稻叶片白化转绿叶突变体的遗传分析和精细定位

 在水稻品种宜香B中发现了一个白化转绿叶突变体,经过多代自交获得了稳定的白化转绿叶色突变体。该突变体在4叶期前叶色为黄绿色,之后逐渐变绿,从苗龄4周到12周,突变体/野生型叶绿素含量比值从34.5%逐渐升高到99.4%。遗传分析表明该突变受1对隐性核基因控制,暂命名为gra。利用微卫星标记将gra初步定位于第10染色体标记RM596和RM5620之间,进一步利用极端个体定位法把gra精细定位于标记RM25522和RM25535之间。gra基因距RM25522和RM25535标记的遗传距离均为0.05 cM, 其物理距离约为136 kb。     

一个新的水稻叶绿素缺失突变基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位

从正常绿色水稻品种824B中发现1个黄化突变体824ys。该突变体具有叶绿素缺失突变特性,表现为植株黄绿色,分蘖数减少,生育期延长,总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量以及净光合速率比野生型亲本824B明显下降,每穗着粒数、结实率、千粒重等降低。对824ys与3个正常绿色品种杂交F1、F2的遗传分析表明,控制824ys的叶绿素缺失突变性状为1对隐性核基因。以495R/824ys F2作为定位群体,应用微卫星标记将824ys的叶绿素缺失突变基因定位于水稻第3染色体短臂,与RM218、RM282和RM6959等标记之间的遗传距离分别为25.6、 5.2和21.8 cM。认为该基因为一个新的水稻叶绿素缺失突变基因,暂命名为chl11(t)。