傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术测定完整油菜籽中芥酸和硫甙含量

利用傅里叶变换漫反射近红外光谱技术和大量代表性油菜籽标准样品建立完整油菜籽中芥酸、硫甙测定模型,内部交叉法和外部检验集样品对模型验证结果表明:芥酸、硫甙模型复相关系数分别为0.9618和0.9785,内部验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为1.97和5.16.用所建模型对油菜籽样品芥酸、硫甙测定结果与国家和国际标准方法测定结果基本一致,建立的近红外分析模型能够满足油菜育种中对初级世代材料芥酸、硫甙含量的快速测定筛选要求.     

油菜品质分析与信息优化管理的应用

为了充分利用油菜品质分析数据信息,利用信息优化处理原理,研究对近红外光谱技术测定油菜籽芥酸硫甙品质数据进行信息优化处理和管理的应用,促进优质油菜新品种的选育.     

油菜品质近红外反射光谱分析建模及应用研究进展

近红外反射光谱(N IRS)分析目前已经成为油菜育种中品质选择的必备手段,其可靠性、稳定性以及应用范围是育种家非常关心的问题。综述了N IRS分析在油菜籽的脂肪酸组成、含油量、蛋白质含量、硫苷含量测定及其在小样品分析中的可靠性情况,探讨了建模代表性样品选择和小样品分析样品杯改造的问题,并就拓展N IRS分析在油菜育种中的应用范围进行了分析。     

近红外光谱分析技术在稻米品质测定和遗传分析中应用研究概述

近红外光谱定量分析技术是一项高效、快速检测样品中化学成分的方法,在米质组分检测、快速筛选育种材料等方面得到广泛应用。文章简要介绍了该技术的基本原理、定量分析的步骤及其在稻米品质改良中的应用。近红外技术不仅能提高育种材料选择效率,而且还有助于品质遗传机理研究的深入,加速稻米品质改良进程。     

利用近红外技术分析与评价花生资源的品质性状

本研究借助近红外光谱分析技术,对293份花生种质资源进行了粗脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪酸含量、氨基酸含量等多项品质性状的分析.结果表明,不同花生种质资源的粗脂肪含量平均为51.44％,蛋白质含量为25.73％,总氨基酸含量为27.01％,油亚比(O/L)变幅在0.56～5.26之间.利用主成分分析技术,将21项品质性状综合成5个主成分因子,分别为蛋白质和氨基酸因子、饱和脂肪酸负因子、不饱和脂肪酸因子、饱和脂肪酸正因子及粗脂肪因子,这5个因子反映了原始数据信息量的87.34％,可用于花生品质的综合评价.不同地理来源花生资源品质性状差异明显,其中,南方花生区资源具有较高的蛋白质和氨基酸含量,北方花生区资源具有较高的粗脂肪含量,而江苏资源与南北方区资源间差异不显著.     

近红外光谱分析技术在茶叶品质属性甄别中的应用

利用近红外光谱分析技术,结合不同的化学计量学方法(偏最小二乘法、标准法),对茶叶进行快速无损检测,从而判定类别。结果表明,基于提取的茶叶近红外     

面包、面条、馒头质量与小麦面粉主要品质参数的相关分析

本文采用小麦面粉配方形成五个强度水平、三个弹性和延伸性水平的１５个混合样品，分析了面包、面条、馒头制作品质与面粉主要品质参数的关系．结果表明：面包与面条对面粉质量要求相似，面包要求ｗ值在３００左右的高强度面粉。面包与沉淀值的相关程度高于与和面时间和ｗ值的相关程度，延伸性比弹性对面包体积贡献大；面条要求ｗ值至少在２００以上，否则质量很差；面条与ｗ值、和面时间等反映面团流变学特性参数相关程度高于与沉淀值的相关程度，延伸性好的面粉更有利于加工优质面条；馒头要求中等强度、适度弹性和适度延伸性（平衡型）面粉，强度太高或太低皆不利于加工高质量馒头．     

三种类型普洱茶风味品质比较分析研究

根据普洱茶品质形成机理和特点，将当今市场上普洱茶归为3种类型：湿热作用陈化型（S型，属非微生物后发酵型普洱茶）、渥堆微生物发酵型（W型，属真菌、酵母菌、细菌综合后发酵型普洱茶）、仓储微生物发酵型（CW型，属真菌主导发酵型）。对市场取得的3组不同类型普洱茶的茶汤pH值、水浸出物、茶多酚、咖啡碱、茶色素、游离氨基酸、挥发性香气组分进行了测定和统计分析，比较了3种类型普洱茶品质的差异。结果表明，3种类型普洱茶的氨基酸、茶多酚、茶色素含量及香气组分等品质指标具有显著性差异。酸性强度为：S型〉W型〉CW型；游离氨基酸总量为：S型〉CW型〉W型，S型与CW型和W型差异显著；茶氨酸指标可用来检验识别是否有大量的微生物参与普洱茶的品质形成过程；3种类型普洱荼荼多酚含量变化趋势为：S型〉CW型〉W型；发酵程度：W型〉CW型〉S型；3种类型普洱茶茶色素含量差异显著；3种类型的25种普洱茶中共检出并鉴定了147种挥发性成分，包含了人们所描述的如木香、蘑菇泥土香、薄荷樟脑香等各种代表性普洱茶香韵的化学组分；3组不同类型普洱茶的香气组分具有显著差异。结果验证了“3种类型普洱茶分类方法”具有一定的合理性。     

近红外光谱技术在农产品品质检测中的应用

近红外光谱技术是一种新型的无损检测技术,在许多领域都得到了很好的应用。本文从农产品中各种物质成分含量预测、分类鉴别、腐烂鉴别、实时监测几个方面综述了近红外光谱技术在农产品品质检测上的应用,并对其在仪器硬件的研究和开发、化学计量学方法的探索与研究以及快速在线检测方法的研究等方面的发展趋势进行了展望。     

高油玉米群体油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量近红外分析模型的构建

以BHO高油玉米F2∶3家系为材料,应用主成分空间和傅里叶变换近红外光谱分析技术,采用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS),建立了测定高油玉米子粒的油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量的近红外校正模型。预处理分别采用一阶导数 矢量归一化、一阶导数 多元散射校正及直线相减等方法,主成分维数分别为5、9、9。验证分析表明,所建立的油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量的校正模型的校正和预测效果最好,其校正决定系数(R2cal)分别为0.950、0.973、0.976,交叉验证决定系数(R2cv)和外部验证决定系数(R2val)在0.918～0.948,各项误差(RMSEE、RMSECV、RMSEP)在0.305%～0.721%。结果表明,所建立的高油玉米完整子粒品质性状三成分模型的准确度和精确度均较高,可以满足高油玉米群体大量样品无损品质分析的需要。     

Non-destructive prediction of chemical composition in sunflower seeds by near infrared spectroscopy

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was explored as a technique to predict moisture (M), oil and crude protein (CP) content on intact sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.). Three hundred samples were scanned intact in a monochromator instrument NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD, USA). Calibration equations were developed using modified partial least square regression (MPLS) with internal cross validation. Samples were split in two sets, one set used as calibration (n=250) where the remaining samples (n=50) were used as validation set. Two mathematical treatments (first and second derivative), none (log 1/R) and standard normal variate and detrend (SNVD) as scatter corrections were explored. The coefficient of determination in calibration (R_cal²) and the standard error in cross validation (SECV) were 0.95 (SECV: 3.3) for M; 0.96 (SECV: 13.1) for CP and 0.90 (SECV: 22.3) for oil in g kg⁻¹ on a dry weight basis (second derivative, 400–2500 nm). Prediction models accounted for less than 65, 70 and 72% of the total variation for oil, M and CP, respectively. However, it was concluded that NIRS is a suitable technique to be used as a tool for rapid pre-screening of quality characteristics on breeding programs.     

Integration of independent component analysis with near infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of rice freshness

The storage time and conditions of rice has an enormous effect on its appearance, flavor, and quality of the nutrients; and the acidity of rice usually increases with prolonged storage. Therefore, evaluation of freshness is an important issue for rice quality. In this study, the NIR (near infrared) spectra combined with independent component analysis (ICA) technique was used to evaluate the rice freshness. A total of 180 white rice samples were collected from 6 crop seasons for the purpose of developing an ICA-NIR based procedure for rice freshness as quantified by pH values. Values of pH were determined by a BTB-MR (bromothymol blue – methyl red) method. The best calibration model of white rice was developed using the smoothed first derivative spectra, five ICs and cross-validation; the results indicated that r² (coefficient of determination) = 0.924, and in units of pH, SEC (standard error of calibration) = 0.145, SEP (standard error of prediction) = 0.146, bias = 0.001, and RPD (residual predictive deviation) = 3.65. Freshness of white rice could be distinguished either visually by a 3-dimensional diagram composed from ICs 2, 3 and 4, or statistically by a calibration model. The results show that ICA with NIR has the potential to be adopted as an effective method for evaluating rice freshness.     

Superfine grinding improves functional properties and antioxidant capacities of bran dietary fibre from Qingke (hull-less barley) grown in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

The effect of particle size of hull-less barley (HLB) bran DF on antioxidant and physicochemical properties was investigated. HLB bran and extracted DF was ground by regular and superfine grinding, their particle sizes were determined using laser diffraction method. The results showed that superfine grinding could significantly pulverize DF particles to micro-scale; the particle size distribution was close to a Gaussian distribution. The soluble DF in HLB bran was increased effectively with superfine grinding. Insoluble DF with submicron scale showed increased total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). With particle size reduction, the water retention capacity (WRC), swelling capacity (SC), oil binding capacity (OBC), and nitrite ion absorption capacity (NIAC) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and the water holding capacity (WHC) had no significant change. A kind of health beneficial DF with higher soluble DF content, WRC, SC, OBC, NIAC and antioxidant activity was obtained using superfine grinding.