复方丹参滴丸药渣和养血清脑颗粒药渣猪表观消化能的测定

饲料资源的匮乏已成为制约我国畜牧业发展的重要因素．因此积极开发利用新的非常规饲料资源已迫在眉睫。本文通过研究测定复方丹参滴丸药渣和养血清脑颗粒药渣在生长猪的表观消化能．得出丹参渣和养血渣在猪的表观消化能为9．37MJ／kg和6．06MJ／kg。试验结果初步表明。丹参渣适合开发成为猪的饲料产品．养血渣不太适合开发为猪的饲料产品．     

发酵中药渣对仔猪生长性能的影响

研究仔猪饲料中添加不同剂量的发酵中药渣对其生长性能的影响,并确定发酵中药渣在仔猪生产中的最适添加量。选择体重无显著差异的三元杂交仔猪200头,按照单因素试验设计平均分成4组,每组50头仔猪。对照组仔猪采食基础饲料,试验1组仔猪采食基础饲料+5 mg/kg发酵中药渣,试验2组仔猪采食基础饲料+10 mg/kg发酵中药渣,试验3组仔猪采食基础饲料+20 mg/kg发酵中药渣。试验周期35 d,包括7 d的预试验期和28 d的正式试验期。试验结束后,记录各组仔猪的生长性能及腹泻率。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂含有10 mg/kg的发酵中药渣的仔猪试验末重、平均日增重均得到显著提高(P<0.05);料重比显著降低(P<0.05);饲喂含有10mg/kg和20 mg/kg的发酵中药渣的仔猪的腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。说明适量的发酵中药渣可以有效改善仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻发生的概率,且发酵中药渣的最适添加水平为10 mg/kg。     

饲料桑粉对生长育肥猪的营养价值评定

选取健康、胎次一致的杜长大三元杂交去势公猪6头,采用全收粪法进行消化试验,测定生长育肥猪对饲料桑粉的各常规营养成分的表观消化率和消化能,确定饲料桑粉对生长育肥猪的营养价值。结果表明,饲料桑粉的总能、总能表观消化率和表观消化能分别为15.70MJ/kg、68.04%和10.66MJ/kg;粗蛋白质含量、表观消化率和可消化粗蛋白质分别为20.04%,76.49%,15.33%;粗脂肪含量、表观消化率和可消化粗脂肪分别为3.55%,29.77%,1.06%;粗纤维含量、表观消化率和可消化粗纤维分别为17.18%,31.52%,5.41%;无氮浸出物含量、表观消化率和可消化无氮浸出物分别为36.64%,81.91%,33.08%。结果提示,饲料桑粉是一种营养价值较高的饲料资源。     

发酵中药渣对肉牛生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫功能的影响

[目的]为研究发酵中药渣对肉牛生长发育、血液生化指标及免疫功能的影响。[方法]在宁夏固原市肉牛良种繁育示范园随机选取210头牛作为试验牛群,采用配对试验设计,试验分为对照组、中药渣组和发酵中药渣组。[结果]结果表明,中药渣组比对照组采食量增加0.51 kg(8.9%,P﹤0.05),料重比(F/G)减少了0.18 kg(P﹤0.05)。发酵中药渣组比对照组体重增加20.8 kg(2.9%,P﹤0.01),采食量增加0.73 kg(12.8%,P﹤0.01),料重比(F/G)减少0.29 kg(P﹤0.01)。发酵中药渣组血液总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P﹤0.05)。谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。谷胱甘肽、过氧化物歧化酶、免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]在肉牛日粮中添加发酵中药渣、中药渣可增加肉牛的干物质采食量和日增重,提高饲料报酬,发酵中药渣可提高肉牛的生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫力。     

抗生素药渣的饲料利用及四环素药渣养鲤试验

抗生素药渣的饲料利用及四环素药渣养鲤试验西南农业大学水产系叶元土抗生素药渣系指发酵生产抗生素后的滤渣，如青霉素、链霉素、四环素、土霉素、缬霉素等抗生素发酵生产的滤渣。这类药渣在我国分布广，资源量大，如能作饲料原料或饲料添加剂加以开发利用，不仅对资源的...     

发酵中药渣的营养价值及在动物生产中的应用研究进展

中药渣是中草药加工的副产品,是一种优质的可再利用资源。中药渣经发酵后能有效替代抗生素用于动物生产,不仅可以有效缓解粗饲料的不足,扩大饲料来源;而且对动物的生长、保健和抗应激等有重要的促进作用。本文综述了发酵中药渣的营养价值、安全性评价及其对猪、禽等动物生长、免疫、肠道健康的影响,以期为中药渣饲料资源开发利用及在动物生产中的应用提供参考。     

中药渣饲喂杂交奶牛试验

中草药作为饲料添加剂在畜牧业生产中已得到广泛的应用，但中药渣的利用却不多见。有人曾将中药渣应用于兔和肉鸡的日粮中，获得了较好的效果，而将中药渣应用于杂交奶牛未曾见报道。为了探明中药渣对杂交奶牛产奶量及奶品质的影响，更好地利用中药渣这一资源，于2005年4月5日至5月19日在邵阳县塘渡口镇白羊b杂交奶牛基地进行了饲喂试验，现将试验结果报告如下。     

不同菌剂发酵中草药药渣对保存及适口性的影响

目前,中草药制药厂提取有效成分后产生的废弃物(中草药药渣)对环境造成很大的影响,而作为动物饲料添加剂利用时,存放时间很短。本试验通过添加生物菌剂(强微无抗饲料发酵剂和益菌肽)发酵中草药药渣,强微无抗饲料发酵剂发酵后的中草药药渣平均保存时间153.5 d,益菌肽发酵后的中草药药渣平均保存时间135.8 d,平均保存时间延长了17 d;强微无抗饲料发酵剂发酵后的中草药药渣饲料头均日采食量2.12 kg,益菌肽发酵后的中草药药渣饲料头均日采食量2.09 kg,饲料头均日采食量提高了0.03 kg。结果表明强微无抗饲料发酵剂发酵药渣饲料效果更好,复方组药渣发酵后饲喂动物适口性最好、采食量最大。     

中药渣饲料化研究与应用现状

中药渣作为生物资源,没有获得充分的利用,其开发价值较高,并且有巨大的开发潜力。但受加工方法与成本等相关因素的限制,在提取中草药的药性成分的过程中,制药企业对其利用程度较低,使得中药渣仍残留有丰富的营养物质与活性成分。为推动中药行业发展及我国中药资源的可持续性利用,应对中药渣进行饲料化研究,让中药渣的利用价值得到较大的提升。     

发酵中药渣对犊牛生长发育和健康状况的影响

[目的]为研究发酵中药渣对犊牛生长发育、健康状况的影响。[方法]在宁夏固原市肉牛良种繁育示范园随机选取150头犊牛作为试验牛群,采用配对试验设计,试验分为对照组和发酵中药渣组。[结果]日粮中添加发酵中药渣,犊牛采食量增加0.09 kg,日增重增加0.09 kg,料重比(F/G)减少0.06 kg;体重多增加5.2 kg,提高4.4% ,体高、胸围、体斜长分别增长 4.2 cm、5.6 cm、4.4cm,分别提高了4.5%、5.1%、4.1%;试验组滨州筛第 1,2 层筛上物比例下降,说明犊牛消化能力增加,饲料消化率提高;血液总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著高于对照组;谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于对照组;谷胱甘肽、过氧化物歧化酶、免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组。[结论]在犊牛日粮中添加发酵中药渣可增加犊牛的采食量和日增重,提高饲料报酬,提高血清总蛋白,降低谷丙转氨酶水平,增加过氧化物歧化酶活性,提高犊牛免疫力。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.