竖向荷载下弹性支承直墙拱反弯点理论分析

在工程实践中,直墙拱应用较多。由于拱脚位移的存在,合理假设拱脚约束为转角约束、竖向约束和水平弹性约束,应用力法推导出了在弯矩、剪力和轴力共同作用下直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩公式。研究了竖向均布荷载、竖向三角形荷载和竖向集中力荷载作用下,直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩分布及反弯点形成的规律;发现在3种荷载作用下,使得拱脚弯矩为零时的圆心角依次减小。取弹簧支座刚度为等效的下端固支、上端允许水平位移的直墙的抗推刚度,得出了随着直墙高度增加,圆弧拱拱顶弯矩增大而拱脚弯矩减小的变化规律。在直墙拱的设计中,建议选取合适的直墙高度和使得圆弧拱拱脚弯矩为零的圆心角大小,从而有利于提高结构抗弯承载力及拱脚抗剪承载力。     

直井段超临界二氧化碳携岩数值模拟分析

二氧化碳携岩问题是超临界二氧化碳钻井技术应用于油气藏钻探开发的基础问题。依据井下工况,考虑岩屑粒径分布规律的影响及二氧化碳密度和黏度等物性参数与流场温压条件的耦合关系,数值模拟分析了粒径分布变化规律及各工况参数对携岩效率的影响规律。结果发现：粒径分布变化规律不与颗粒直径呈正相关,证实了选用欧拉模型以考虑颗粒间干扰来模拟携岩问题的合理性;温压条件影响粒径分布变化规律,携岩返速对粒径分布规律影响甚微。携岩效率随压力升高、温度降低而提高,规律与室内实验结果相符。提高排量、降低机速有利于改善携岩效果,实测临界携岩返速高于依据最小动能原理的计算值。随偏心度增大,携岩效率先降低后提高,临界偏心度为0.8。所得结论为发展实际技术提供支撑。     

Explosion dynamic response of soil surrounding tunnel with curve wall

It’s significant to obtain the mechanic laws and weak parts of soil tunnel, and the most likely failure elements under the explosion shock action to prevent terrorist attacks which can cause tremendous loss of human life and property and collapse and damage of many buildings and construction. Therefore, numerical simulation for soil tunnels is carried through the explicit dynamic finite element program ANSYS/LS-DYNA, and the time-history curves are discussed about the soil surrounding tunnel under explosion action. The dynamic response of soil tunnel under the explosion action is analyzed by establishing finite element integral model of soil tunnel dynamic analysis and comprehensively considering the solving method of nonlinear dynamic equation, the selection of different material models, the method of explosion shock wave input and the convergence and realizing factors of fluid-solid coupling effect. Thus, a reference for antiknock design of tunnels is presented.     

Elasto-plastic analysis on surrounding rock of roadways based on seepage, strain softening and dilatancy

According to seepage body force, strain softening and rupture expansion of rock mass, elastic-plastic mechanics theory, distribution laws of stress and displacement of surrounding rock in seepage field are derived, and relationships between different zonation range of the surrounding rocks, pore water pressure, strain softening and rupture expansion are established. The results show that the pore water pressure and rupture expansion rock mass have a more obvious impact on the surrounding rock rupture area than the plastic zone. Both the plastic zone and the rupture area are larger when the seepage field is considered. The impact of strain softening on both the plastic zone and the rupture zone of surrounding rock is very significant, and both seepage and strain softening rupture expansion affect deformation of surrounding rock of roadways obviously. It provides certain reference values for the roadway support engineering in seepage field.     

Experiment analysis on dissolution characteristics of rock salt on the effect of triaxial stress

Rock salt underground storage is an important way of energy reserves. The research of rock salt dissolution characteristics under triaxial stress provides theoretical basis for shape control,security building of rock salt underground storage in the process of making aqueous cavity. The dissolution characteristics of rock salt specimens experiment with triaxial testing machine under triaxial stress,through a lot of rock salt dissolution tests,finds that dissolution characteristics of rock salt change remarkably under stress. Analyzing the relationship between the stress of rock salt specimen with the water hole and sample external axial compression or confining pressure,equivalent stress is adopted to describe the stress distribution of the running water hole wall. Triaxial stress and dissolution coupling experiment on the different confining pressure is carried out to analysis the variation between rock salt dissolution rate and equivalent stress under different confining pressures. The results show that rock salt dissolution rate decreases first and then rapid increases with the increase of equivalent stress. The main impact of the stress for rock salt dissolution rate is that cracks development and corrosion area in rock salt specimen are changed because of the triaxial stress loading. Dissolution rate reduces as a result of corrosion area decreasing (crack closure) in the elastic stage,however dissolution rate increases because of corrosion area increasing (crack development) in the plastic stage.     

Effects of different constitutive models on the calculation of stress of diaphragm wall

Stress of diaphragm wall is analyzed by plane finite element method for high earth-rockfill dams built on deep soil foundation. The differences of stress are studied with two kinds of different constitutive models, i.e. elastic model and nonlinear elastic model, and meanwhile, the influences of the height of dam and diaphragm wall for this two constitutive models are also compared. The results show that, the variation laws of the stress of diaphragm wall are similar for both of the models. But, the stress computed by nonlinear elastic model is much smaller than elastic model does. Under the condition of low stress, the results are similar for the two models, but have big differences for high stress. In addition, for this two models, with the increasing of height of dam and diaphragm wall, the maximal values of the stress are increasing constantly, and relative error of the maximal value of the stress as well, which have the linear relation with the height of dam and diaphragm wall. So, for the conditions of high dams or deep soil foundations, nonlinear elastic model is the right one to use because of the high stress of diaphragm wall.     

FEM Analysis of Stress Distribution Law in the Rocksalt Cavity''s Surrounding Rock

Basic on the FEM numerical analysis, the contour maps stress of rocksalt cavity's surrounding rock and the major principal stress's law changed with the depth and horizontal direction are analyzed. The influencing factors to the distribution of the stress surrounding rocksalt cavity, such as cavity's span, water pressure and the depth of rocksalt layer is also studied. The results show that major principal stress becomes big with the increase of rocksalt's depth. The cavity's influence to the stress's distribution will be clearer with the nearer to the cavity. The stress's centralization will be weaker with the accretion of water pressure in rocksalt's cavity. But the stress's centralization will be stronger, and the stress's value increases.     

Analysis on Interfacial Stress Between Surrounding Rock and Shotcrete Lining

According to the characteristics of interfacial stress between surrounding rock and shotcrete support, mechanical model of composite curved beame for support system of tunnel surrounding rock and shotcrete lining was established, considering the interfacial deformation coordination and the effects of bearing arch of surrounding rock. Then from static equilibrium of two differential elements, the differential equations for the radial displacement of composite curved beam were obtained. All analytic formulas of both interfacial stress and internal forces between surrounding rock and shotcrete lining by arbitrary distribution load were derived. And thus the mechanical condition of interface zone and the stress concentration position were obtained, which is convenient to assess the stability of surrounding rock and predict the safety. Finally, the analysis of tunnel project excavated by bench method showed that shotcrete lining made the formation of compressive stress zone in surrounding rock by transferring stress from the interface between surrounding rock and shotcrete, which is beneficial to improve the stability of surrounding rock.     

Analysis on stress wave effect during the process ofrock breaking by pulsed jet

A mathematical model of rock breaking under pulsed jet is established by introducing the Johnson-Holmquist-Concrete constitutive relation and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Based on this model, the formation, propagation and attenuation of stress wave during rock breaking by pulsed jet are simulated. The relations between pressure and time at different points on rock surface and the curve of peak stress wave versus distance to action spot are obtained. Destruction behaviors of rock under pulsed jet and effects on stress wave effect from jet velocity and lithology are studied according to the above calculation results, analysis results show that stress wave effect of pulsed jet acts locally and the peak stress wave shrinks sharply as the acting distance increases. The rock breaking mechanism of stress wave is tensile failure during the high speed process of load-unload. Power and effect range of stress wave is in high direct proportion with jet velocity. There is a threshold velocity before the macroscopic failure. Rocks of different lithologies have different destruction types under pulsed stress wave of pulsed jet. Destruction type of low strength rock like sandstone is crack propagation under the tensile stress during the high speed process of load-unload, while the destruction type of high strength brittle rocks like granite and limestone is vertical failure of stress concentration.     

Analysis on wall slip phenomenon andcharacteristics of sewage sludge

Wall slip of sewage sludge and possible slip in fluencing factors are studied experimentally by using a rotational rheometer with parallel plate fixtures and by high speed camera．The technique involves placing a straight line marker to monitor wall slip, checking the gap dependence of the stress-strain data and studying the time-stress data trend of strain stepped scanning. In the shearing flow it is found that, for sewage sludge of water content 80%, as the strain amplitude increases, the stress data starte to diverge at a certain strain amplitude, indicating that wall slip occurs. Meanwhile, it has been utilized for studying the critical shear stress and calculating the slip velocity, and the formulation of shear stress and slip velocity are fitted. But for sewage sludge of water content 90%, these curves are superimpose, indicating no slip occurs．While scanned sewage sludge water content 80% at different shear rates in 5 s and 60 s, it is found that under 5 s and 60 s, when the shear rate is greater than 10 s-1 and 0.5 s-1 respectively, peak appeas in time-stress curves, i.e. slip occurs. Therefore, concentration, shear rate and time have influence on wall slip.     

八月瓜炭疽病的病原菌鉴定及病害分析

本文通过对凯里学院植物园的八月瓜炭疽病进行病原鉴定和病害分析,简要提出针对八月瓜炭疽病的防治措施。采用组织分离法从病叶中分离得到病原菌,并对病原菌进行培养、孢子大小测定和鉴定。显微镜镜检的病原菌特征表明,引起八月瓜炭疽病的是炭疽菌（Colletotrichum sp.）,测微尺测量八月瓜炭疽菌的孢子大小为12.5~20 μm×3.75~7.5 μm,结合寄主和病原特征,实验结果表明引起八月瓜炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）。胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）是凯里学院植物园八月瓜炭疽病的致病菌,可以通过农业防治和药剂防治来减少病害的危害。