弹性波作用下渗流多孔介质微粒运移分析

弹性波作用下渗流多孔介质微粒运移分析是对目前静态流体或稳态多相渗流中微粒运移/捕集的补充,通过分析弹性波对微粒剥离运移捕集过程的影响,建立弹性波作用下微粒运移模型,得到对微粒运移效果和储层物性变化的影响规律。由推导得到的弹性波作用下微粒剥离临界速度可知,当微粒与孔喉半径的比值越小时弹性波导致的振荡附加力影响越大,临界速度与流体粘度、微粒/孔喉半径比成负相关,与基质胶结程度、结构力、微粒半径、微粒密度成正相关。弹性波作用下微粒运移模型需同时考虑多孔介质渗流速度的变化,此时微粒剥离释放速率增加,但随着波衰减和时间延长而降低,微粒在孔隙表面沉积滞留速率先上升后下降,喉道堵塞的速率有所上升,说明弹性波作用下微粒的剥离和悬浮能力增加,但亦增加了微粒在微细孔喉"架桥"堵塞的可能性。研究结论对岩石物理学和工业化波动处理涉及的储层物性研究具有一定指导意义。     

污水灌溉条件下氮素运移规律及模型研究进展

随着水资源短缺以及环境污染问题的加剧,对污水灌溉的研究越来越受到重视。污水中的氮既是主要营养元素,同时也是重要的污染物质,其运移的机理、影响因素等问题,已成为研究的重点。概述了氮素转化和运移的方式及影响因素、运移规律和模型的研究进展,对存在的问题和发展趋势进行了探讨。     

灌溉定额和施氮量对机采棉田水分运移及硝态氮残留的影响

水资源短缺和土壤环境污染严重是制约农业可持续健康发展的瓶颈,迫使农民开发和采用可持续的农业生产技术。水分运动机理和氮肥残留行为是评价干旱地区农业水肥管理水平的依据,提高水氮利用效率是降低环境污染这一重要科学问题的重要途径。本研究采用裂区试验设计,以灌溉量为主区,设2250(低灌溉量,W1)、3450(传统灌溉量,W2)和4650 m~3 hm–2 (高灌溉量, W3) 3个灌溉量;设0 (空白, N1)、300 (传统施肥量, N2)和600 kg hm–2 (高施氮量, N3) 3个纯氮投入量,在干旱的中国西北内陆棉区开展2年的田间试验,评估灌溉和施氮策略对水氮运移、籽棉产量、水氮生产效率的影响。结果表明,灌溉量及水氮耦合效应是影响籽棉产量及灌溉水生产力的影响因素,其中灌溉量是主效应。2年均值表明,灌溉量为W1时,施肥量由N1增加至N3,生育期0～80 cm平均土壤含水量呈先显著上升后显著下降的趋势, N2和N3处理较N1处理籽棉产量分别提高13.8%和7.6%,水分利用效率分别提高13.6%和6.8%;灌溉量为W2和W3时,施肥量由N1增加至N3,生育期0～80 cm土层平均含水量...     

围护结构热湿耦合传递模型及简便求解方法

为了预测围护结构内的温度和湿度分布,以连续变量,相对湿度和温度为驱动势,考虑热传递与湿传递之间的耦合作用,建立了围护结构热湿耦合传递非稳态模型,并提出了基于多物理场耦合仿真模拟软件COMSOL的热湿耦合传递模型简便求解方法。通过对比新建模型模拟结果与HAMSTAD标准验证实例,验证了模型及求解方法的准确性。     

新疆滴灌葡萄水肥藕合模型及特征分析

通过对克瑞森葡萄水肥藕合试验研究,构建数学模型,得出在滴灌条件下,滴灌量400 m3/667 m2为最佳滴灌量;施肥量为28 kg/667 m2肥料利用率最高。     

我国南繁产业与资源环境系统耦合研究

通过对系统耦合的研究,并以我国南繁产业为例,建立南繁产业-资源系统的指标体系。在理论研究方面,明确了耦合作用机理及模型,深入分析了系统的构成机制和特性。在此基础上,对南繁产业-资源系统耦合关系数据、南繁产业-资源系统耦合关系进行分析,最终明确南繁产业规划和南繁产业-资源系统的指标体系建立。     

基于三维SWOT模型的国家南繁育制种产业化研究

研究国家南繁育制种产业,为产业规划提供参考。引入孙膑和孟子关于"天时、地利、人和"的古典战略思想,改进SWOT分析法,对产业进行全方位分析,找出产业发展的关键问题和内在发展动力,并提出相应的对策建议。经过综合分析,提出3个维度的SWOT矩阵。南繁产业发展的人和X维度虽有南繁科技资源、人才资源和人文资源支持,但欠缺了产学研等产业实体与相关的人才支撑,南繁创新优势未转化为海南科技创新优势,这是南繁产业发展的最大短板;地利Y维度有一定的优势,具备发展南繁种业和科技服务业的自然环境,有面向东南亚的区位优势,有南繁产业创新创业的社会环境,但也面对竞争激烈的市场;天时Z维度有良好的外部环境,纳入了战略性新兴产业,种业产业发展的国际和国内时机较好。南繁产业发展存在的关键问题是南繁资源未转化为海南优势,缺乏产学研用相关的实体,海南种业产业薄弱,没有种业配套优惠政策,发展机遇可能稍纵即逝。南繁产业发展存在种业科研机构与企业成长的内在动力,南繁系统自身建设的内在动力,产业结构优化调整的内在动力,"一带一路"门户建设的内在动力,及南繁产业化发展的内在动力。     

水氮耦合对假植期烤烟幼苗生长和叶片光合作用的影响

为寻求烤烟幼苗假植期的合理水氮配比。研究了不同土壤相对含水量和施氮量2个因素耦合对烤烟幼苗叶片净光合速率和生物量的影响,在土壤相对含水量为25%和50%时,增施氮肥相对提高了烤烟幼苗叶片的净光合速率和生物量的积累,但在土壤相对含水量达75%时,不同施氮量处理之间烤烟幼苗叶片的净光合速率和生物量之间无明显差异。水分和施氮量对烤烟幼苗叶片净光合速率和植株生物量均是正相关关系,并且土壤相对含水量对烤烟幼苗叶片净光合速率和植株生物量的正效应大于氮肥。土壤相对含水量和施氮对烤烟幼苗叶片净光合速率和植株生长量的影响均存在最适值。本试验条件下,土壤相对含水量约为53%,而施氮量约为0.49 g/kg为假植期烤烟幼苗的最适水氮管理模式,此时烤烟幼苗叶片的净光合速率达8.976 9μmol/(m~2·s),生物量达0.894 6 g。     

不同肥力水平下‘郑麦7698’对磷素的吸收、分配与运移

为了给小麦新品种‘郑麦7698’优质高产的合理施肥技术提供指导,利用国家潮土肥力与肥料效益长期监测站20年形成的不同肥力水平小区,研究了‘郑麦7698’在中高肥力水平下对土壤磷素吸收、分配与运移。结果表明,在中等肥力和高肥力水平下,小麦地上部磷素积累总量差异显著,分别吸收43.3、49.4 kg/hm~2,每生产100 kg籽粒分别需要吸收磷素量分别为0.55 kg和0.63 kg。‘郑麦7698’有2个吸磷高峰,第1个吸收高峰在返青—拔节期,该时期吸磷量占总量的26.3%和27.4%,吸收强度分别是0.53、0.62 kg/(hm~2·d);第2个吸收高峰在灌浆期,40天内吸收量分别占总量的52.8%和49.5%,最高吸收强度在灌浆初期,分别为1.14、1.76 kg/(hm~2·d)。‘郑麦7698’叶片吸收磷素在拔节期达到最大值,其中85.0%在收获期转移到其他器官;茎秆在抽穗期达到最大值,其中74.7%在收获期转移到其他器官。籽粒在蜡熟期达到最大吸磷量,中等肥力下吸收38.3 kg/hm~2,其中94.2%(26.48 kg/hm~2)磷素是从叶片、茎秆和叶鞘中转入。成熟期总磷素累积量的74.3%储存在籽粒里,其余25.7%在茎叶和颖壳中。     

四川省农作物种植结构与气候变化耦合协调性研究

为了探究四川省作物种植结构与气候变化的协调关系,本研究基于四川省气候数据与农作物播种面积数据,分析了2000—2018年四川气候变化、农作物种植结构变化以及它们之间的协调关系。结果发现：四川省2000—2018年间降水量、≥10℃积温均呈显著上升趋势,降水量气候倾向率为53.5 mm/10 a,≥10℃积温气候倾向率为123.7℃/10 a;作物播种面积明显增加的有玉米、油料作物、豆类、果园,薯类播种面积保持相对稳定状态,作物播种面积明显下降的有水稻、小麦和其他作物;各主要农作物种植结构占比变化明显。四川省农作物种植占比前三种为水稻、玉米和薯类,多年平均占比分别为21%、17%和13%,且水稻在所有种类中占比较稳定;小麦种植占比正在逐年降低。四川省2000—2018年农作物种植结构变化与气候变化整体相互适应,耦合度与耦合协调度均较高。     

三维模型与空间分析在丘陵山区土地整理工程布局中的应用

摘 要：受复杂多变的地形地貌影响和制约,目前我国丘陵山区土地整理项目工程布局的科学性与合理性难以得到保证。本文以长阳土家族自治县土地整理项目为例,借助计算机软件强大的三维建模与空间分析功能,对项目区地形进行三维模拟,通过空间分析绘制项目区剖分坡度分级图,在此基础上对项目区工程布局进行科学论证分析并提出合理化建议。研究结果表明,借助计算机软件的三维空间分析功能,可以有效提高丘陵山区土地整理工程设计精度和工作效率,促使土地整理工作整体科技水平的提升。     

土地整理前后耕地质量变化的实证分析

从科学发展观来看,耕地在数量上的扩张是有限的,但在提升耕地质量方面却具有相对大的空间。土地开发整理的基本功能是有效补充耕地面积、提高粮食综合生产能力、改善农业生态环境质量、促进土地集约化利用和加快农村经济社会发展的速度,其本质就是有效提高耕地质量。笔者根据项目区土地整理初步工程设计,结合农用地分等成果,对土地整理前后耕地质量变化情况做出评价,使土地开发整理项目实现重耕地数量到重耕地质量的转变。     

Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics for Cross-flow over Staggered External Three-dimensional Finned Tube Banks

In this paper, the heat transfer and friction characteristics for cross-flow over staggered new external three-dimensional finned tube banks developed by the Chongqing University of China are investigated by means of cross optimization experiment. The results of experiment show that the rate of heat transfer is enhanced from 1.5 to 2.5 and the ratio of pressure drop is increased from 1 to 3.5 compared to the bare tubes in the range of Reynolds numbers Re=2 900-14 000. The heat transfer and friction factor correlations are obtained through step by step regression and then, the influence of geometric parameters of fins on the characteristics of heat transfer and friction is analyzed.     

One dimensional continuity equation and consolidation analysis of unsaturated soils with high degree of saturation

It is complicated to found continuity equation for unsaturated soil because of the uncertain volume of air phase. In order to solve this difficulty and to derive the consolidation equation for unsaturated soils with high degree of saturation, one-dimensional continuity equation of three-phase soil was created compactly in the principle of mass balance. Supposing Terzaghis principle of effective stress was still applicable to this type of soils, one-dimensional consolidation equation was derived. On basis of Terzaghis hypotheses and supposing that the degree of saturation was constant during consolidation, the analytical solution was presented. Then the consolidation characteristic of soils was analyzed. And It is shown: 1) the form of consolidation equation of soils with high degree of saturation is the same to Terzaghis one-dimensional equation, but the coefficient of consolidation is different. 2) Because of the instantaneous deformation, the degree of consolidation in early stage is much bigger than that of saturated soils, and subsequently the gap is reducing; when the time factor is 1.0, the degree of consolidation is almost equal to each other. 3) The time needed for soils with high degree of saturation to complete consolidation is extended comparing to the corresponding saturated soils; the smaller the degree of saturation is, or the more compressible the soils are, the bigger the ratio of time for completing consolidation is.     

Finite element model of coupled systems for vibration reduction plates with smart constrained layer damping

Considering the relationships of coupling movement and compatible displacement among bonding layer, piezoelectric layer, damping layer, and base structure, a finite element dynamic model of coupled systems for vibration reduction plates is established. The model combined with piezoelectric theory, finite element theory and ADF model of viscoelastic damping material can be suitable for vibration model of complex SCLD structure. The dynamics parameters for clamped-clamped steel plate with partially treated smart constrained layer damping are obtained by theoretical calculation, ANSYS modal analysis and modal experiment. The results show that theoretical values are closer to the test results and ANSYS analysis, and the methods proposed is more accurate and effective.     

A panel model of isotope concentration-flow coupled field in groundwater systems

Several previous general lumped parameter model of radioisotope concentration field in groundwater systems, such as EM, PM and EPM model, are introduced, and the ambiguous physical meaning of response functions within these models are pointed out.And then, based on the radioactive decay principles and mass conservation principle, assuming that 1)the fluid system is in steady state, 2)infiltration rate is constant, and 3)the horizontal transport of water flow rate is constant, a general lumped parameter model of radioisotope concentration-fluid coupled field in groundwater systems is deduced under these conditions, that is, Panel model.Compared with the above mentioned models, this new model is built on a clear physical basis with a definite physical meaning of each parameter, so that it could make accurate interpretations on radioisotope data of the relevant water flow system, and provide more precise mathematical foundation on quantitative analysis and simulation of radioisotope concentration.     

Axial Response of Viscoelastic Pile-soil Coupling Interaction in Three-dimensional Inhomogeneous Soil

Considering the three-dimensional inhomogeneity of soil surrounding the pile, the response of non-uniform viscoelastic pile under axial dynamic loading is studied. Firstly, combining the boundary condition, the complex stiffness of axial different soil layers are obtained by the complex stiffness transfer model of radial multi-zone plane strain. Then, the analytical solution of dynamic response at pile top in frequency domain is proposed by solving the dynamic equation of non-uniform viscoelastic pile section one by one from the bottom up to the top, and the relevant semi-analytical solution response in time domain is adopted by the convolution theorem and the Inverse Fourier Transform. At last, the effect of parameters of pile and soil are investigated to get the nature of the dynamic response of pile top in frequency domain and time domain.     

A Constitutive Model for Structured Clays based onTwo Different Types of Overconsolidation

Structure has a major influence on the stress strain relation of soil, which implies that the constitutive model should reflect the its structure. Based on the investigation , the over consolidation (OC) of the soils was made up of two different types, which were structure induced OC and stress induced OC. And then the structure induced OC and stress induced OC were united. Structure induced OC index was used to represent the degree of structure and the cam clay model was extended. The shape of the yield surface was the same as cam clay model, whise the size was equal to the sum of the structure induced OC and stress induced OC. And the change in size of the yield surface was decerminated by the volume harden function and the structural damage function. The associated flow rule was adopted in the model. Afterwards constitutive model for structured clays was presented. The concept of the model is clear and the parameters are simple. The ability of the model is good by firstly application and it can describe the character of the structured soils.     

Mathematical model and its validation of coupled heat and moisture transfer for multilayer wall

Its rationality of temperature and water vapor partial pressure as driving potential for coupled heat and moisture transfer was demonstrated based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. As water vapor partial pressure is a function of moisture content and temperature, mathematical model of coupled heat and moisture transfer for multilayer wall were established according to the theory of total differential. The approximate expressions between humidity content and relative humidity of air used in Budaiwi method could be avoided. The coefficients of mathematical model were simplified and could improve efficiency of solution. Its validation was illustrated by contrasting and analyzing the simulation results of a multilayer wall.