我国猫尾草引种栽培与猫尾草产业之梗概

阐述了猫尾草在中国引种的历史过程及植物学特征、生物学特性、营养价值和主要栽培技术。并指出猫尾草产业是草产业中一个突出的成长点和特色领域。     

猫尾草引种对比试验

对岷山猫尾草和引进的日本猫尾草、百万猫尾草、百丽莎猫尾草等8种猫尾草在海拔2500m的岷县寺沟乡奔直寺进行栽培试验，结果表明：8种猫尾草鲜草产量差异不显著（p〉0．05），但Goliatl猫尾草、日本猫尾草和岷山猫尾草产草量、鲜干比、植株高度均表现较好，可在高寒阴湿地区大力推广。     

岷县猫尾草新品种引种试验

为了筛选出最适合岷县高寒阴湿山区生境条件的优质高产猫尾草品种,引进普麦斯、骏马两个猫尾草新品种与当地岷山猫尾草进行了对比试验。结果表明:供试的3种猫尾草适应性强、抗寒耐湿、抗病虫害、生长期较长,都能在岷县高寒阴湿地区良好生长,但岷山猫尾草具有早熟、高产、抗寒性更好等优点,适宜在岷县及同类地区大面积推广,新引进的两个品种草产量相对较低、比较晚熟,还需要一个驯化和适应的过程。     

猫尾草不同品种的种子产量和适应性评价

测定了8个猫尾草品种在各试点的物候期、种子产量等指标.运用多点区域试验的方差分析法,分析了品种间、试点间、品种×试点互作间差异显著性;用通径分析法分析了种子产量各构成因素对种子产量的贡献大小.结果表明,Climax 和Coonl最适应于榆中,种子产量分别为543.76和476.95 kg/hm2;岷山、日本、Richmond 最适应于岷县点,种子产量分别为280.90, 156.51和150.34 kg/hm2;Barwa最适应于景泰点,种子产量达867.86 kg/hm2.在种子产量各构成因素中,单穗粒重对种子产量的影响最大.     

猫尾草不同品种的草产量和适应性评价

以猫尾草(Phleum pratense)不同品种在各试验点的茎叶比、青干比、草产量等指标为基础,对各品种的营养价值和含水量进行了比较.同时,分析了试验点间、品种间、品种×试验点间干草产量的差异显著性.干草产量和营养价值的综合分析表明,Commonl,Riben和Richmond 3个品种优于其它品种,它们可以在甘肃省的兰州市、岷县、景泰县以及其它气候相似区域种植.     

猫尾草不同品种的最佳刈割时期

通过测定猫尾草不同品种在孕穗——初穗期、抽穗期、盛花期、乳熟期、完熟期的蛋白质产量，确定了备品种的最佳刈割时期。结果表明，不同猫尾草品种，在不同生育时期刈割，草产量和营养价值不同；同一品种在不同时期刈割，草产量和营养价值亦不同。7个参试品种的最佳刈割时期分别为：岷山猫尾草和Climax为乳熟期；日本猫尾草，Baliza，Goliatl和Commonl为孕穗——初穗期；Richmand为完熟期。     

我国猫尾草引种栽培与猫尾草产业之梗概

阐述了猫尾草在中国引种的历史过程及植物学特征、生物学特性、营养价值和主要栽培技术,并指出猫尾草产业是草产业中一个突出的成长点和特色领域。     

猫尾草的育种初探

对猫尾草育种的国内外概况,育种的生物学基础,育种的方法,已育成的部分优良品种进行了介绍,并结合我国猫尾草育种的实际情况提出了一些建议和意见。     

猫尾草的栽培管理初探

本文对猫尾草种植过程中的整地、单播、混播、灌溉、病虫害、刈割和施肥、轮作、种子及其生产方面的栽培管理等情况进行初步论述,结合国内实际情况提出了建设性建议.     

接种根瘤菌与施肥对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量的影响

通过L9(34)正交试验,研究不同根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶Trifolium pratense异黄酮含量和产量的影响。结果表明,接种根瘤菌,对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量都有显著影响(P0.05),以每千克岷山红三叶种子接种16 g根瘤菌效果较好。接种根瘤菌方式、氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量不存在显著影响,但以拌种和不施氮肥效果较好。综合根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量影响以每千克岷山红三叶种子与16 g根瘤菌肥拌种,不施氮肥效果最优。     

Protein quality and utilization of timothy, oat-supplemented timothy, and alfalfa at differing harvest maturities in exercised Arabian horses

To evaluate the protein quality and postgut N utilization of full-bloom timothy hay, oat-supplemented timothy-hay diets, and alfalfa hay harvested at different maturities, apparent whole tract N digestibility, urinary N excretion, and serum AA profiles were determined in light to moderately exercised Arabian horses. Six Arabian geldings (16.0 ± 0.3 yr; 467 ± 11 kg of BW) were randomly allocated to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Diets included full-bloom timothy grass hay (G), G + 0.2% BW oat (G1), G + 0.4% BW oat (G2), mid-bloom alfalfa (A1), early-bloom alfalfa (A2), and early-bud alfalfa hay (A3). Forages were fed at 1.6% of the BW of the horse (as-fed). Each period consisted of an 11-d adaptation period followed by total collection of feces and urine for 3 d. Blood samples were taken on d 11 for analysis of serum AA concentrations. During the 3-d collection period, urine and feces were collected every 8 h and measured and weighed, respectively. Approximately 10% of the total urine volume and fecal weight per period was retained for N analyses. Fecal DM output was less (P < 0.05) in A1, A2, or A3 compared with G, G1, or G2. Apparent whole tract N digestibility was greater (P < 0.01) in A1, A2, and A3 compared with G, G1, or G2, and was greater (P < 0.05) in G1 and G2 compared with G. Nitrogen retention was not different from zero, and there were no differences (P > 0.05) in N retention among diets. Urinary N excretion and total N excretion were greater (P < 0.05) in A1, A2, and A3 compared with G, G1, or G2. Plasma concentrations for the majority of AA increased curvilinearly in response to feeding G, A1, A2, and A3 (quadratic, P < 0.05), with values appearing to maximize 2-h postfeeding. Although alfalfa N digestibility increased with decreasing harvest maturity, N retention did not differ and urinary volume and N excretion increased, indicating that postabsorptive N utilization decreased. In contrast, inclusion of oats at either 0.2 or 0.4% of the BW of the horse to timothy hay markedly enhanced N digestibility without increasing N excretion, indicating improvement in postgut N utilization. These findings indicate that feeding oat-supplemented timothy hay is more environmentally sustainable than feeding alfalfa to the horse at maintenance or under light to moderate exercise.     

Nutritional value of timothy haylage in Icelandic horses

Four mature Icelandic geldings were used in a balance trial to investigate the effect of stage of maturity of timothy (Pleum pratence L.) haylage fed at maintenance level on coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD), and nitrogen and energy metabolism in a 4 × 4 change-over arrangement of treatments. The content of fibre increased and crude protein content decreased with advancing stage of maturity. Very high CTTAD values were found for DM, OM, CP, CF, NDF and ADF in the first two cuts. Overall, there was a negative relationship between stage of maturity (p < 0.05) and the CTTAD of all measured dietary components. Nitrogen (N) intake, N losses in urine and N balance were affected (p < 0.05) by stage of maturity, while the N losses in the faeces were unaffected. There was a strong correlation (r² = 0.95) between N balance and water intake. Gross energy intake and losses in urine (as % of digestible energy intake) were unaffected by stage of maturity, while the energy balance was affected (p < 0.05). The digestible energy content of the timothy haylage studied ranged from 14.1 to 9.0 MJ/kg DM.

In conclusion, early-cut timothy haylage (stem elongation to flowering) has the energy content required to form the basis of diets for high-performing horses. Late-cut timothy haylage (seeding to late seeding), on the other hand, can be used to fulfil the energy and protein needs of maintenance-fed Icelandic horses.     

岷山红三叶愈伤组织诱导和植株再生研究

通过对岷山红三叶下胚轴和子叶再生体系建立的研究,获得愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为:MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L6-BA+2%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂,胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为:MS+0.1 mg/L IAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+2%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂,芽诱导培养基为:B5+0.06 mg/L NAA+2%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂,每瓶可以长出2~10条茎,将茎转入生根培养基后愈伤继代可持续出芽。最佳的生根培养基为:1/2 MS+0.05mg/LNAA+1.5%蔗糖+0.8%琼脂。建立再生植株约需160 d。     

紫花苜蓿品种比较试验

引进紫花苜蓿品种14个，在赤峰地区进行生态适应性试验，并对初花期和晚花期的主要营养成分进行分析测试，结果表明，国外引进紫花苜蓿品种与国内紫花苜蓿品种在气候生态型上存在着明显的差异，国内紫花苜蓿品种越冬率均在98％以上，国外引进紫花苜蓿品种越冬率为84％～92％的占国外引进紫花苜蓿品种数的56％，越冬率为32％～46％的占44％；国内紫花苜蓿品种在赤峰地区生态适应性良好，而国外引进紫花苜蓿品种在赤峰地区的生态适应性相对较差。供试紫花苜蓿品种初花期和晚花期的粗蛋白和粗纤维平均含量分别为20．73％，24．37％，19．68％，26．77％。     

岷山红三叶示范推广及产业化开发进程

从岷山红三叶Trifolium pratense品种来源、品种特性、示范推广及产业化进程,产业化过程中存在的问题和风险等方面进行了论述,最后提出了解决这些问题的建议。     

岷山红三叶改良亚高山草甸退化草地效果研究

研究了岷山红三叶对亚高山草甸退化草地的改良效果,结果表明:运用岷山红三叶改良退化的亚高山草甸草地,可抑制马先蒿等毒害草的生长,迅速提高天然草地的草丛高度,使地上植物量提高30%,可食植植量所占百分比显著增加,极大地改善了亚高山草甸草地的质量和生产能力,表明运用岷山红三叶改良亚高山退化草地技术具有推广应用价值。     

灌水和施肥对岷山红三叶生产性能的影响

研究了不同灌水量和施肥量对岷山红三叶生产性能的影响。结果表明:鲜草产量和干草产量极显著正相关,株高和干草产量显著正相关,株高和分枝数显著负相关,分枝数和草产量相关性极低。不施磷肥或不灌水的情况下,分别增大灌水量(1 000 m3/hm2)和施肥量(P2O5360 kg/hm2+K2O 90 kg/hm2),岷山红三叶的分枝数较多,草产量较高;如果磷肥施用量增加(P2O5120 kg/hm2+K2O 90 kg/hm2),可适当减少灌水量(500 m3/hm2),分枝数和草产量也较高。灌水量和施肥量对红三叶株高无显著影响。     

接种根瘤菌与施肥对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量的影响

通过L9(34)正交试验,研究不同根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响。结果表明,接种根瘤菌对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量都有显著影响(P<0.05),以每千克岷山红三叶种子接种16g根瘤菌效果较好。接种根瘤菌的方式、氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量不存在显著影响,但以拌种和不施氮肥效果较好。综合根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响以A2B2C1效果最优。