菊粉对单胃动物肠道免疫功能的调节及应用研究进展

菊粉通过提高肠道益生菌竞争优势,增加肠黏膜蛋白和紧密连接蛋白分泌量,促进有益代谢产物短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸生成,活化G蛋白偶联受体,并抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性,催化雷帕霉素靶蛋白、G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体5和法尼醇X受体表达,降低核因子κB活性及其下游促炎细胞因子产生,调节肠道免疫机能.本文就菊粉对单胃动物肠道免疫功能的影响及...     

菊粉的生物学功能及其在反刍动物上的应用研究进展

菊粉是广泛存在于自然界中的果聚糖型植物多糖，具有促进矿物质吸收、促进糖类与脂肪代谢、抗氧化、益生元效应等多种生物学功能。本文综述了菊粉的提取工艺、生物学功能及其在反刍动物中的应用效果，旨在为菊粉在反刍动物上的应用提供理论参考依据。     

新型绿色食品和饲料添加剂--菊粉

综述了新型绿色食品和饲料添加剂——菊粉的定义、理化性质和生物学功能，着重探讨了菊粉的作用机理，阐述了菊粉的研究和应用进展，并对其做出展望。     

海外文摘

猪只日粮中使用菊粉Feed management MARCH/APRIL 2013:10-13菊粉在猪只的日粮配方中应用较少,作为一种功能纤维,菊粉可以被用在综合性的营养配方中而不需要添加抗生素,为了更好地了解它,需要知道它的来源和功能。功能纤维是非消化性的低聚糖,可以作为有益菌的营养物质,比如乳酸菌和双歧杆菌。当这些细菌种群不断生长的时候,他们能促     

菊粉对育肥猪生产性能、血脂水平和胴体品质的影响

为研究日粮中添加菊粉对育肥猪生产性能、血脂水平和胴体品质的影响,本试验选用45头初始体重为(80.16±2.03)kg的"长×大"二元杂交育肥猪,随机分为3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复3头猪,分别饲喂含0%、2%和4%菊粉的日粮,试验期为28 d。结果表明:(1)添加2%的菊粉能显著提高育肥猪的平均日增重(P0.05);(2)添加4%的菊粉能显著降低育肥猪血清中甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平(P0.05);(3)添加4%的菊粉能显著降低育肥猪平均背膘厚、宰后肌肉的pH45min和剪切力,但肌肉的滴水损失显著提高(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加菊粉有助于育肥猪的生长并能有效调节血脂水平,在本试验条件下,菊粉的最适添加水平为2%。     

高聚合度菊粉通过调节肠-脂肪组织轴改善高脂饮食诱导的犬肥胖

旨在基于肠-脂肪组织轴研究高聚合度菊粉改善高脂饮食诱导犬肥胖的作用机制。试验选取40只贵宾犬，随机等分为5组：正常饲粮组、高脂饲粮组和高聚合度菊粉低剂量组、中剂量组及高剂量组。正常饲粮组饲喂正常饲粮，高脂饲粮组饲喂高脂饲粮，高聚合度菊粉低剂量组、中剂量组及高剂量组分别饲喂含1.0%、3.0%和5.0%高聚合度菊粉的高脂饲粮，试验期为12周。试验结束后，测定血清糖脂和炎症因子含量，分别用实时荧光PCR检测和Western blot检测皮下脂肪组织和结肠黏膜中相关因子的mRNA相对表达和蛋白相对表达。结果表明：高聚合度菊粉可有效降低高脂饮食犬的体重、体脂率和血脂水平，改善糖耐量受损，提高结肠黏膜中闭锁蛋白(Occludin)和闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)的mRNA与蛋白表达量，降低血清脂多糖(LPS)、IL-6和TNF-ɑ水平以及脂肪组织中IL-6和TNF-ɑ蛋白表达。综上所述，高聚合度菊粉对高脂饮食诱导犬肥胖具有改善作用，其作用机制可能与调节“肠黏膜屏障功能-LPS易位-脂肪组织炎症”这一肠-脂肪组织轴有关。     

菊粉在养猪生产中应用的研究进展

菊粉通常是从植物中提取的一种特殊的天然果聚糖类碳水化合物,具有益生作用,可选择性地促进肠道中有益菌增殖,抑制有害菌生长,提高动物生长性能和免疫功能。作者主要从菊粉作为一种新型饲料添加剂,对猪肠道菌群、生长性能、免疫功能、矿物质吸收利用和肉品质影响等方面进行综述。     

不同日粮纤维对生长猪养分消化率和肠道结构形态的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同纤维对生长猪养分消化率和肠道组织形态的影响。18头大×长二元杂交去势公猪随机分为3组,分别饲喂添加5%淀粉(对照组)、菊粉和微晶纤维素的玉米-豆粕型日粮。试验结束前,采用酸不溶灰分指示剂法测定日粮养分表观消化率。试验结束后,采集肠道样品进行形态学研究。结果显示,添加菊粉和微晶纤维素对生长猪养分的表观消化率影响不显著,菊粉有提高粗灰分消化率的趋势;与微晶纤维素组相比,菊粉极显著提高了干物质、能量和碳水化合物消化率(P0.01)。菊粉组回肠绒毛高度以及回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于对照组及微晶纤维素组(P0.05),微晶纤维素组的回肠隐窝深度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。添加菊粉和微晶纤维素显著提高了结肠隐窝杯状细胞的数目(P0.05)。因此,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加5%的低黏度日粮纤维对主要养分物质的消化率影响并不显著。高发酵性能的日粮纤维可以改善了生长猪肠道形态结构和功能以及杯状细胞数量,对生长猪肠道营养功能和免疫功能具有促进作用。     

菊粉在凝固型发酵乳中的应用

本文探讨菊粉在凝固型发酵乳中的应用。对菊粉的基本性质和生理功能进行介绍和解析,对菊粉在凝固型发酵乳中的应用进行详细探讨,包括菊粉对于凝固型发酵乳品质的影响、菊粉与乳酸菌作用机制的研究以及菊粉添加量对凝固型发酵乳品质的影响等。最后,提出了菊粉在凝固型发酵乳中的应用前景和发展方向。     

菊粉在断奶仔猪中的研究进展

断奶仔猪在心理、环境及营养应激下，出现“仔猪早期断奶综合症”，严重影响养猪生产效益。而菊粉作为一种新型的饲料添加剂，可选择性促进肠道有益菌增殖，抑制有害菌生长，从而提高动物的生产性能和免疫力。作者概述了菊粉及其提取工艺，以及菊粉对断奶仔猪肠道菌群和免疫功能等的影响，以期为仔猪的健康养殖提供理论依据。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。