Effects of Escherichia coli on iron, copper, and zinc metabolism in chicks

The present report describes the effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin and infection on kinetic changes of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) levels in the transport (serum), storage (liver), and immune organs (spleen and bursa of Fabricius) of the chicken. During infection and endotoxin challenge, increased serum and bursal Cu were noted. Infection and endotoxin both led to a redistribution of Fe with a decrease in serum and an increase in the spleen. Infection decreased serum Zn and concomitantly increased hepatic and splenic Zn. Seven days postinfection, when recovery was well underway, hepatic and splenic Cu and splenic Zn were elevated. Hepatic Fe decreased with recovery, whereas splenic Fe increased. Endotoxin and infection changed trace element kinetics. The endotoxin produced tissue elemental alterations similar to the early stages of infection. This indicated that in early infection, some of the disease responses may be due to endotoxin, whereas the later responses may be due to other aspects of infection such as stress.     

Interactive relations between copper, iron, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead in the liver in sheep after experimental poisoning with copper oxide

The interactions between copper, iron, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead were studied in the livers of 12 ewes of the Improved Wallachian breed after experimentally induced intoxication with cuprous oxide from industrial emission. The highest correlation coefficient was recorded between the concentrations of copper and zinc in the livers of the experimental ewes (r = 0.916) and its value was at a significance level of p less than 0.05. The interaction between copper and arsenic in the liver of the experimental animals corresponded to a correlation coefficient of r = 0.359 and that between copper and cadmium corresponded to r = 0.129. The lowest correlation coefficient in the livers of the experimental animals was recorded between copper and lead (r = 0.073). As to the relationships between the remaining elements, the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.667) was obtained between the contents of zinc and cadmium in the livers of the experimental ewes. The interaction of copper with the other risky metals after experimental intoxication was limited by the concentration of the studied elements in the industrial emission as well as by the course of the disease itself.     

Effect of tetrathiomolybdate administration on the excretion of copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum in sheep bile

The copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) excreted daily in the bile of three sheep were estimated at 0.20, 0.10 and 0.36 mg respectively. Intravenous administration of tetrathiomolybdate (TM) increased bile Cu excretion and reduced liver Cu concentration. Tetrathiomolybdate had no significant effect on the excretion of Zn and Fe. These findings indicate that at least one of the mechanisms by which TM induces hypocuprosis is by increasing biliary Cu excretion. Hence it has a possible use in the treatment of Cu storage diseases in man and animals.     

日粮中锌水平对肉仔鸡体组织中铁和铜的影响

试验选择180只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组30只,公母各半。对照组饲喂锌水平为22.61mg/kg的基础日粮,5个处理组分别在基础日粮中添加25、65、145、305和625mg/kg的锌,锌源为硫酸锌,旨在研究日粮中锌水平对鸡组织铁和铜浓度的影响。试验结果表明,日粮中锌水平较低时,肉仔鸡肝脏、胫骨、肾脏、胸肌和羽毛各组织铁浓度呈不同程度的增加;而锌水平较高时,各组织铁浓度均呈不同程度的降低。由此可见,锌和铁之间存在颉颃作用。此外,随日粮中锌水平的升高,胸肌和肾脏中铜的浓度均有升高的趋势,而胰腺中铜的浓度显著降低。     

饲料铜水平对雏鸡组织器官中铜、铁、锌含量的影响

将80只1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只鸡,对照组喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加硫酸铜10、50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg,试验期21 d.试验结果表明:随日粮铜添加水平的增加,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量有所增加,尤其是铜添加量为100 mg/kg时,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量都显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).肝脏、胫骨中铁含量随铜添加水平的升高而逐渐下降.肝脏、胫骨中锌含量也随铜添加水平的变化而变化.     

日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响

选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。     

Effect of chelating agents on the excretion of copper,zinc and iron in the bile and urine of sheep

The effect of tetrathiomolybdate (TM), disodium calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA), D-penicillamine (PEN), 2-3 dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL) and dimethyl dithiocarbamate (DDC) administration on biliary and urinary excretion of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) was investigated in sheep on a low Cu diet (Group A) and a high Cu diet (Group B). Only biliary Cu excretion increased significantly (P<0.01) with TM treatment. Urinary Cu excretion increased (P<0.01) following PEN treatment. TM, EDTA, PEN, BAL and DDC adminstration increased Cu excretion via bile and urine by 254, 11, 266, 46 and 16%, respectively in Group A sheep, and by 354, 13, 196, 20 and (-) 31% in Group B sheep. Urinary Zn excretion increased (P<0.01) following EDTA and PEN treatments. Only urinary Fe excretion increased (P<0.01) with EDTA treatment. The results show that TM and PEN are the most efficient decoppering agents, but PEN unlike TM also removes Zn. The major routes of excretion of Cu chelates by TM and PEN are different. TM increases Cu excretion significantly (P<0.05 in Group A and P<0.01 in Group B) in bile with only a slight increase in urinary Cu whereas PEN increases Cu excretion significantly (P<0.01) in urine. Therefore from a therapeutic view, a combination therapy of TM and PEN would be useful to maximize Cu removal from the body.     

氮素运筹对皖草2号和墨西哥玉米吸收Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的影响

为明确氮素运筹对皖草2号和墨西哥玉米吸收矿质元素的影响,本研究分析了两者茎、叶及整株的Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn元素含量、累积量以及产量的变化情况。结果表明,皖草2号和墨西哥玉米植株中,Fe的含量最高,且叶片中的Fe含量明显高于茎;皖草2号的Mn、Cu、Zn含量高于或显著高于墨西哥玉米,但Fe含量显著低于墨西哥玉米。不同氮素运筹比较,一次性施肥处理中,2种牧草均以300 kg/hm²(N1)处理的Fe含量最高;而分次施肥处理中,Fe含量有随施氮量的增加而增加的趋势;皖草2号的Mn含量以N1处理最高,Cu、Zn含量以低施氮量处理较高;而墨西哥玉米的Mn含量随施氮量的增加而增加,Cu、Zn含量均以底肥一次性施入的含量较高。N1处理的Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn累积量和产量最高,且墨西哥玉米的累积量和产量显著高于皖草2号。不同器官中4种元素的累积量和产量不同,皖草2号叶片中Fe的累积量和产量高于茎,而Mn、Cu、Zn的累积量和产量低于茎;墨西哥玉米叶片中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的累积量和产量均显著高于茎。刈割次数对2种牧草吸收4种元素的影响也不同,皖草2号的 Fe、Mn、Zn含量以头茬草最高,而Cu 含量以第3次刈割草的含量最高;墨西哥玉米则以头茬草的Mn、Cu含量和第3次刈割草的Zn含量最高。2种牧草再生草中4种元素的累积速率表现为Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu,且均呈逐渐下降的趋势,墨西哥玉米的降低幅度大于皖草2号。综合分析认为,生产上选择皖草2号牧草类型,采取一次性施入氮肥300 kg/hm²的管理措施,可以获得矿质营养较高的优质牧草,且要重视头茬草的产量。     

羟基蛋氨酸铁、铜、锰、钵螯合率的测定

氨基酸微量元素螯合物的生物利用率比无机离子的利用率高2～3倍,使用氨基酸微量元素螯合物是解决过量添加无机盐造成环境污染这一难题的有效方法,同时也防止了无机盐产生的不良影响及对维生素的拮抗作用.     

猪日粮中铜、铁、锰、锌减量使用技术研究进展

微量元素在猪的生长发育、生产繁殖、健康免疫等方面有重要的作用,生产实际中为某种目的经常会在饲料中添加超出猪生理需求剂量的微量元素。然而,长期过量的微量元素使用会带来一系列的负面影响。本文旨在对猪日粮中铜、铁、锰、锌使用的现状、过量添加的负面影响及减量使用的技术措施进行综述,以期为微量元素的有效、合理使用,保护环境提供参考。     

微量元素铁、铜、锌、硒对肉牛作用的研究进展

微量元素在肉牛日粮营养中具有重要的作用,本文对肉牛日粮中需要补充的铁、铜、锌和硒的生理功能、相互作用、促生长效果和适宜添加量的研究进展进行综述,以期为肉牛精细化养殖做好日粮配方提供依据。     

Renal lesions and tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in experimentally zinc intoxicated sheep

Renal lesions were produced in three out of 10 sheep dosed with large quantities of zinc for two to 14 weeks. Administration of the zinc resulted in significant increases in the concentrations of zinc in the kidneys, liver and pancreas, and of copper and iron in the kidneys and pancreas, and a significant decrease in the concentration of manganese in the pancreas. The sheep with kidney damage had increased plasma creatinine concentrations and significantly higher mean concentrations of zinc in their livers and pancreases, and of copper and iron in their kidneys, than the sheep with no kidney damage.     

Copper, zinc and iron levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of copper poisoned sheep

Copper, zinc and iron levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal and copper poisoned sheep. Copper values were within the range recorded for humans but zinc levels were six to 20 times and iron levels were 20 to 30 times higher than values reported for humans. The amount of copper, zinc and iron in the CSF did not increase in sheep dosed with copper and hence it is unlikely that the level of copper in the CSF is related to the changes in the nervous system that have been reported in copper poisoned sheep.     

酵母锌对松辽黑猪生长性能和机体免疫机能影响的研究

采用平均体重20.3kg的20头健康的松辽黑仔公猪,分为对照组、试验1、2、3、4组共5组,每组4头,用于研究7～10周龄时仔猪的生长性能及机体免疫机能。于7～10周龄时,前腔静脉采血。本试验细胞免疫用pha刺激,体液免疫用lps刺激,MTT比色法检测外周血中淋巴细胞转化率。结果表明:在一定的酵母锌浓度范围内,各试验组仔猪随酵母锌浓度的提高平均日增重增加,料肉比下降,腹泻率降低;7～10周龄时随着日龄的增长,酵母锌对仔猪免疫机能有提高的趋势,但各试验组与对照组相比较,在统计学上差异不显著(P>0.05)。但在细胞免疫方面200mg/kg的效果最佳;在体液免疫方面50mg/kg的免疫效果最佳。     

微量元素铜、锌和镉对畜禽的作用及其对环境的影响

针对微量元素铜、锌和镉对家畜的作用及其对环境的影响作一综述。     

Zinc, copper and iron utilisation by chicks fed various concentrations of zinc

1. Zinc, iron and copper interactions were examined in chicks (New Hampshire X Single Comb White Leghorn) grown individually in stainless steel cages and fed on purified diets with three concentrations of zinc: control (37 mg Zn/kg), moderate (100 mg Zn/kg) and excess (2000 mg Zn/kg) in three studies. 2. Chicks given either moderate or excess zinc excreted more than twice as much 65Zn from a test diet as those fed on the control diet. Thus chicks given the moderate amount of zinc had concentrations of zinc in tissues similar to those of controls but chicks given excess zinc accumulated zinc in their tissues. 3. The specific activity of 65Zn in the tissues, especially in the bursa of Fabricius, of chicks given excess zinc was not reduced as much as would be predicted. Thus, ingestion of excess zinc appeared to reduce tissue turnover of 65Zn, especially in the bursa. However, humoral immune responses, as measured by antibody titres to sheep red blood cells, were not affected. 4. Chicks given excess zinc or pair-fed on the control diet retained less 59Fe from a test diet than chicks given control or moderate concentrations of zinc ad libitum. The iron concentrations in tibiae of chicks given excess zinc were depressed.