农用地分等定级估价在耕地占补平衡中的应用-以江苏省为例

耕地占补平衡制度自实施以来,增加了有效耕地而积,缓解了因建设占用和退耕造成的耕地压力,推动了土地开发复垦整理的蓬勃发展,促进了土地利用总体规划的全面实施。为此,指出了江苏省目前耕地占补平衡中存在的主要问题,分析了分等定级估价成果在耕地占补平衡中的应用。     

占补平衡项目对千阳县新增耕地等别和粮食产能的影响

为揭示耕地占补平衡项目对渭北台塬区粮食产能的影响。本文以春玉米和冬小麦为量化标准,对典型的台塬区千阳县2016—2018年连续3年的占补平衡新增耕地等别及粮食产能变化情况以及粮食产能空间格局变化进行分析。结果表明:2016—2018年占补平衡项目新增耕地平均等别范围在10~12等之间,项目的实施使新增耕地等别较千阳县耕地平均水平提高了1~3个等别,且水浇地面积占比与新增耕地等别呈显著的正相关关系。粮食产能与新增耕地面积及新增耕地平均等别呈显著的正相关关系,水浇地以占总新增耕地80.29%的面积,创造了占比为86.44%的总粮食产能。粮食产能受耕地所处位置、自然条件、水利设施以及道路状况等影响较大,2016—2018年间,地势较为平坦,气候条件较好,且水利设施及道路条件较为完善的草碧镇、张家塬镇及城关镇实现新增耕地和粮食产能分别占全县的90.16%和90.49%,而相对位置越偏远、地形条件较差的南寨镇、水沟镇及崔家头镇新增耕地数量仅占总规模的10.17%,粮食产能仅占总产能的9.50%。从2016—2018年3年内,耕地占补平衡项目的实施,以24.89%的新增耕地占有量创造了30.82%的新增粮食产能,说明通过耕地占补平衡项目的实施能显著提高耕地粮食产能。     

浅谈耕地占补平衡问题

耕地占补平衡是新修订的<土地管理法>确定的一项耕地保护的基本制度,实施以来,耕地占补平衡工作取得巨大成绩.文章以通化县为例,介绍了通化县耕地保护工作中存在的问题,以及为保持和实现耕地总量的动态平衡采取的有力措施.     

旱塬区新增耕地质量和粮食产能影响因素分析——以占补平衡项目为例

为揭示渭北旱塬区耕地占补平衡项目对粮食产能的影响,以冬小麦和春玉米为量化标准,采用Logistic回归模型,对典型的渭北旱塬区千阳县2017年占补平衡项目新增耕地粮食产能影响因素进行研究;同时,对项目实施前后新增耕地土壤理化性质变化进行分析.结果表明:通过占补平衡项目实施使新增耕地等级提升了1—2个等级,且新增耕地中水浇地面积占比越大,新增耕地等别越高,单位面积上水浇地较旱地的粮食产能提高率增加25%.随着项目实施年限增加,土壤理化性质不断得到改善,总孔隙度、大团聚体、水稳性团聚体和微团聚体均显著变大(P<0.05),土壤结构破坏率显著减小(P<0.05),抗侵蚀能力显著提高(P<0.05).土壤有机质质量比显著提高(P<0.05),土壤养分状况不断改善.新增耕地的面积、等别、基础设施、单位面积投资、年限等因素均与粮食产能之间呈现不同程度的正相关关系;各因素对新增耕地粮食产能影响程度,按因素排序由大到小表现为等别,面积,基础设施,年限,投资.     

河北省耕地占补平衡折算信息系统设计——基于Visual Basic

通过对河北省耕地占补平衡的研究,建立了不同质量耕地的折算关系,但是折算方法复杂,并且纯手工以纸质为媒介的耕地占补折算工作要求操作人员有一定的专业知识,给耕地占补折算工作的推行和土地管理工作造成诸多不便.为此,通过系统分析的方法,遵循不同质量耕地的折算关系和折算方法,对河北省分等数据与方法进行分析筛选建立数据库,利用SQL Server和Visual Basic等工具实现系统的建立,并通过对河北省耕地占补平衡信息系统的结构和流程分析,提出系统建设的技术路线.     

土地整治项目对台塬区耕地质量的影响研究

土地整治项目是保障耕地面积不减少和提高粮食产能的主要方式之一,也是现阶段提高和改善耕地质量的重要手段.耕地质量直接关系着项目所在地经济的发展和农民的切身利益,对耕地质量进行研判具有重要的现实意义.基于此,笔者以宝鸡市千阳县土地整治项目为例,对项目区建成后的耕地质量进行了分析.研究结果表明:通过土地整治的项目,有效提高了...     

云南省耕地自然等分布特征

通过分析耕地质量自然等分布特征，整体把握云南省耕地质量情况，为区域内耕地统一规划及耕地占补平衡等管理与保护提供科学依据。基于云南省年度更新评价成果数据，运用面积加权平均法、空间分析和数理统计的方法，分析2015年度全省及各州（市）耕地自然等分布特征。结果表明，全省耕地自然等别中等偏低，导致耕地变化的原因主要是土地开发整理复垦、建设占用及占补平衡政策的实施，该研究为区域内耕地管理与保护提供科学依据。      

农业部将大力保护提升耕地质量

<正>农业部明年将大力推进耕地质量保护与提升,以地力培肥、土壤改良、养分平衡、质量修复为主要内容,以高标准农田工程建成区、占补平衡耕地项目区、耕地质量问题突出区为实施重点,着力提升耕地内在质量,为粮食和农业生产夯实长远基础。粮食安全的根本在耕地,关键在耕地质量。多年来,各级农业部门在切实抓好农田基础设施建设的同时,积极推进耕地质量建设,为促进粮食连年增产和种植业持续稳定发展提供了有     

广东省耕地资源时空变化分析

根据广东省2000-2007年耕地面积统计数据,利用耕地资源变化率指数和耕地资源区位指数,结合广东省行政单元和地理分区,从时间和空间上分析区域耕地变化特征及原因。结果显示:2000-2007年广东省耕地总量逐年减少,全省以珠三角地区耕地面积减少最多,粤北耕地面积略有上升;全省耕地减少的主要原因为农业结构调整;耕地占补平衡政策使建设用地占用耕地的情况得到控制,被占耕地及时得到补偿,新增耕地主要来源于耕地开发;农业结构调整作为耕地减少的主要因素,其调整趋势在不断扩大,从耕地保护角度出发,农业结构调整尺度的合理性和科学性还有待进一步研究。     

基于空间大数据的补充耕地合规性自动判别技术研究

为提升补充耕地项目监管效率和准确率,保证补充耕地数量准确、地类符合、区位合理,开展基于空间大数据的补充耕地合规性自动判别技术研究。本研究基于大数据框架、并行计算技术和GIS空间分析方法,设计了补充耕地合规性自动判别规则和指标体系,研制了补充耕地合规性内业自动判别的技术流程、算法和软件,开展了日常和专项补充耕地监管和核查,作为全国补充耕地项目监管的重要技术手段。经实际运行验证,项目平均分析时长2~4min,平均每月阻止5700余个问题项目入库。该研究能够为补充耕地项目立项、实施、验收提供合规性判别技术手段,提升补充耕地项目立项的合理性,提升补充耕地信息核实、监管、监督的技术水平,对确保我国耕地占补平衡制度的落实具有技术支撑作用。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。