新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病发病机理及其治疗的研究

缺氧缺血性脑病 (hypoxic- ischemic encephalopa-thy,HIE)是医学儿科临床上由于新生儿窒息引起的脑部合并症 ,是严重威胁新生儿生命和健康的疾病之一。但至今为止 ,国内外尚无统一、行之有效的治疗方案。所以 ,寻找治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病更为有效的方法已成为围产医学中的重要课题。应用脑活素治疗 HIE虽然取得了一定效果 ,但其作用机制不明 ,仍需更深入的动物实验及临床研究。本项研究通过建立新生大鼠 HIE模型并应用脑活素予以治疗 ,旨在揭示新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病发病机理及脑活素的治疗作用 ,为医学儿科临床治疗缺氧缺血性脑病…     

脑活素对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤的影响

用结扎颈动脉和缺氧的方法建立一侧缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIE)动物模型,观察脑活素对HIE大鼠脑组织损伤的治疗作用。结果发现,缺氧缺血后新生大鼠脑组织血栓素B2(TXB2)和6酮--前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)含量、细胞凋亡数及对侧脑组织含水量均显著升高,表明新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤与脑血流改变、脑细胞凋亡及脑组织含水量的变化密切相关;缺氧缺血大鼠应用脑活素治疗后,其脑组织TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α含量、细胞凋亡数及脑组织含水量均下降,表明脑活素通过改善脑血流、降低脑细胞凋亡及脑水肿程度来减轻缺氧缺血造成的损伤,对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤发挥有效的治疗作用。     

脑活素治疗新生大鼠缺血缺氧性脑病机理的研究

7日龄Wister大鼠结扎左侧颈总动脉后吸入氧氮混合气体（8％O2和92％N2）2h,制成缺血缺氧性脑病动物模型,测定大鼠脑组织中丙二醛（MDA）的含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。结果显示,缺血缺氧后6h,缺血缺氧组MDA含量显著升高,24h达到高峰,以后逐渐下降,96h与对照组比较无统计学差异;缺血缺氧脑活素治疗组MDA含量于缺血缺氧后6h已经显著下降,72h与对照组比较无统计学差异。缺血缺氧组SOD活力值在缺血缺氧后6h已经下降,24h降到最低点,以后逐渐回升,96h与对照组比较无统计学差异;缺血缺氧脑活素治疗组SOD活力值在缺血缺氧后6h明显提高,于缺血缺氧后96h与对照组比较无统计学差异。结果提示,缺血缺氧引起新生大鼠脑组织的氧化-抗氧化系统失衡,氧自由基大量产生,参与了新生大鼠缺血缺氧性脑病脑损伤过程;脑活素能够抑制氧自由基的生成,提高SOD的活力值,对缺血缺氧性脑病具有神经保护作用。     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎16例临床分析

1999年1月至2004年1月,我院儿科共收治新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(简称NEC)患儿16例,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料:本组病例中男9例,女7例;早产儿12例;足月儿4例;母乳喂养13例,人工喂养3例;合并有新生儿窒息,新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病10例,同时有肺部感染者14     

大鼠心脏病的病因及治疗机制的研究进展

心脏病现如今依然是人类健康的大敌之一.而致使人类患心脏病的因素有多种,本文就防治大鼠心脏病及研究其机理予以阐述. 1 由于缺氧引起的心肌损害 缺氧可以诱导心肌细胞凋亡,且心肌细胞凋亡是缺氧条件下心肌细胞损伤的主要方式.     

禽源大肠杆菌致新生儿大肠杆菌型脑膜炎小鼠模型的构建研究

禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)临床分离株TW-XM可引起禽类和哺乳动物的脑膜炎,具有感染人类新生儿的潜能并受到医学和学术界极大关注。为探索不同感染剂量的APEC TW-XM感染情况,对新生小鼠进行腹腔接种,通过临床症状观察、存活率差异分析、同一时间点处死发病濒死的小鼠收集样品、脑组织病理学检测、血脑屏障损伤程度及脑膜炎相关炎症因子表达检测等评估,成功构建小鼠脑膜炎模型。基于新生小鼠大肠杆菌型脑膜炎模型建立,为防控大肠杆菌型脑膜炎提供研究基础。     

新型蜂疗机具、器材的设计（一）——中空蜂疗针刺针的设计

1前言 蜂针，顾名思义即是为治疗某些疾患，对人体特定部位采用活蜂蛰刺。其达到医学临床治疗目的主要作用有：一是蜂针蛰刺的人体部位产生原中医常规针刺反应，刺激人体经络，使气血微物质运行状况改善，得到调整，并达到阴阳平衡，气血通畅，从而实现所预期的治疗效果；     

仔猪腹泻病的防治措施

新生仔猪由于身体机能发育不完善,经常遭受疾病的困扰,腹泻是众多仔猪疾病中最常见的一种.引起仔猪腹泻的病因很多,消化机能不全、营养因子缺乏、饲养管理不当、病毒感染等均可造成新生仔猪腹泻,严重危害我国猪养殖业的健康可持续发展.本文对新生仔猪腹泻的常见病因进行分析,介绍了新生仔猪腹泻的临床症状及治疗措施,最后提出预防新生仔猪...     

牛磺酸对大鼠酒精性脂肪肝病的治疗作用研究

目前认为酒精性脂肪肝病存在可逆性,早期治疗可防止酒精性肝损伤的发展对预防肝硬化的发生具有重要意义.目前,对酒精性肝损伤的研究工作偏重于筛选临床治疗药物,如何通过饮食代替药物来有效预防和治疗酒精性肝病成为科研工作者研究的热点.牛磺酸（taurine）是广泛存在于人和动物体内的一种游离的氨基酸,它的生物学作用日益引起人们的重视.肝脏是合成牛磺酸的主要场所,大量临床和基础研究表明,牛磺酸对多种肝损伤有保护作用,而它对酒精性肝损伤保护效果的研究并不多见,本次实验主要探讨牛磺酸对大鼠酒精性脂肪肝病的治疗效果并探讨其作用机理.     

神经介素U对新生大鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎的影响

探索神经介素U(NMU)对新生大鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是否有治疗效果。对30只刚出生的SD大鼠NEC造模试验,通过肠道组织检查,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色并评分,根据免疫组化检测细胞增殖(PCNA)表达情况,用TUNEL法评判肠道组织上皮细胞凋亡情况。结果显示,NMU治疗能显著减轻肠道损伤,促进肠道修复。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …