国产竹类植物生物多样性及保护策略

在竹类植物生物多样性保护工作中存在竹类分类混乱、资源不清、研究基础薄弱和竹类资源破坏严重等问题.在今后的竹类植物生物多样性保护中应突出对我国特产、珍稀、濒危竹类植物的调查、认定和拯救保护,将自然保护区的建设放在首要地位,大力发展珍稀竹类的人工培育利用,重视和加强珍稀濒危竹类的迁地保护.     

百山祖生物多样性特征与保护

全面分析了百山祖自然保护区内生物多样性及其特征。并针对目前生物多样性保护问题，提出相应的对策。     

人工林在生物多样性保护中的作用

综述了近年来世界人工林的发展动态以及人工林在生物多样性保护方面的最新研究进展; 从人工林与乡土森林的比较中, 表明了多数情况下人工林支持的物种多样性并不少于乡土森林植被, 同时表明了人工林已经成为一些稀有、濒危物种的重要庇护所和替代生境, 在很大程度上支持了人工林并不是生物多样性〝沙漠〞的观点; 分析了影响人工林生物多样性的因素及保护人工林生物多样性的途径。     

民族文化中的生物多样性保护元素

从目前少数民族地区生物多样性保护状况谈起,分析文化多样性与生物多样性的关系以及民族文化在促进生物多样性保护、人与自然的和谐中的作用.从民族文化中的自然崇拜、图腾文化、宗教信仰、生产生活方式、乡规民约、习俗等多个层面探讨了民族文化中的生物多样性保护元素.     

Forest Dynamics and Resulting Animal and Plant Population Changes at the Stand and Landscape Levels

Abstract

A disturbance to a stand is often part of larger event which impacts a large landscape area. Across a landscape, a disturbance event leaves a mosaic of” conditions. The event can miss some Stands, kill all trees in other stands, and kill only some trees in other stands. Stands regrow through certain processes and create certain structures after a disturbance; time at which each structure is achieved varies with specific stand and disturbance conditions. Each structure is utilized by certain plant and animal species, but not others. A disturbance leaves many openings across the landscape and allows species which utilize these openings to expand their populations. At the same time, “closed forest” species become extirpated or confined to isolated “refugia” missed by the disturbance. With regrowth the “open” species become confined to small, isolated “refugia” and the closed forest species increase in number. Landscape areas have probably always had various fluctuations in plant and animal populations.     

赣南森林生物多样性保护探讨

分析赣南生物多样性特点及其保护现状,提出赣南森林生物多样性保护建设重点是：自然保护区建设、湿地公园、林木种质资源基地、迁地保护和基础设施建设.     

生物多样性与景区生态系统稳定性关系探讨

生物多样性与生态系统稳定性的关系历来为各界人士所关注,人们希望从这种关系探究中寻求最佳效益点,以应对地球生态环境的急剧恶化。以黄河风景名胜区为研究对象．重点探讨两者关系在生态旅游区中的具体体现、应用前景及效益问题。     

生物多样性研究现状与保护

生物多样性已成为生物学、生态学等学科最为热门的研究领域之一。生物多样性内涵丰富,虽然学者对其描述不同,但核心内容相差不大。生物多样性具有巨大的价值,且某些价值尚未被人类发现或利用。生物多样性包含遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性,也有学者建议加入景观多样性。针对各个层次的研究均取得了较大的进展。由于自然或人为原因,生物多样性在世界范围内遭到了严重破坏,世界各国对此都采取了相应的措施。     

中国藤本竹的生物多样性及其保护策略

藤本竹是竹类植物中较具经济和观赏价值的种类,目前已发现有10属40种.该文通过实地考察系统介绍了我国藤本竹的生物多样性状况,以及种类、特点及分布情况,并对藤本竹的生物多样性保护和可持续利用提出了建设性意见.     

俄罗斯远东地区生物多样性保护与研究进展

俄罗斯远东地区是世界上生物多样性最丰富的地区之一。文中在参考相关文献的基础上, 介绍了俄罗斯远东地区生物多样性及其保护状况和研究进展。     

城市园林的生物多样性保护

城市园林作为城市景观的一种主要类型,其空间结构和发展动态对生物多样性有着重要的影响。开展城市园林生物多样性的研究,探索生物多样性保护的有效途径,是我国园林健康发展和生物多样性保护的重要内容。文中论述了国内外园林生物多样性的状况,并从园林不同景观要素对生物多样性影响的角度进行了分析,指出目前我国园林生物多样性保护与研究存在的问题,探讨了园林生物多样性保护的一些途径。     

张家界武陵源区生物多样性现状及保护对策

张家界武陵源区是我国大陆部分确定出的11个生物多样性保护的关键地区之一,动植物种类丰富、植物区系古老、特有类群繁多.分析张家界武陵源区生物多样性的特征、现状及保护中面临的主要问题,提出了在区内开展生态旅游、严格控制外来物种引入、引进科技人才、开展生物多样性保护和监测、做好抵御重大自然灾害预案等切实可行的保护对策.     

浅议生物多样性与森林生态系统生产力的关系

生物多样性与生态系统生产力之间的关系是目前生态学界的热点问题。文中结合森林生态系统自身的特点, 针对生物多样性和森林生态系统生产力2个不同概念, 阐述了现有的生物多样性和生产力关系的若干观点, 分析了现有观点中的争议点, 并在前人实验研究的基础上, 提出了森林生态系统中其他因素对两者关系的影响。     

高黎贡山生物多样性保护与社区林业发展的研究

高黎贡山自然保护区森林资源丰富,动植物种类繁多,其物种多样性的丰富程度为国内外罕见。由于周边社区集体森林破坏严重,使保护区受到周围村社的"蚕食",给高黎贡山的森林资源管理和生物多样性保护工作带来了巨大的压力。在对村社集体林地的管理与高黎贡山生物多样性保护相关性论述的基础上,提出加强对乡村集体森林的管理,发展社区林业,实行"以林养林",即以发展集体林来保护国有林、保护区,使社区林业的发展既为当地农户提供日常生产、生活和经济发展所需要的非木材林产品、薪材及木材,又为保护区构筑一道以集体林为主的绿色屏障,以实现自然保护区森林资源管理、生物多样性保护和周围农村经济的协调发展。     

天目山森林生物多样性的生态学特征及其保续

概括地介绍了天目山森林类型、分布、区系及其地理起源，表明了天目山森林生物多样性及其南北过渡的特征；文章进一步阐述了天目山森林生物多样性的生态学特征，从物种的变异和适应，系统组成结构的复杂性（食物链和食物网），达到协同进化、稳定发展并对人类生存的环境、社会、经济、文化诸方面，产生着有益的影响；为维护天目山森林生物的多样性及其生态系统的多种功能，除加强管理、重视保护外，可应用遥感技术，按地形和森林外貌等特点，将天目山划分为若干功能小区，进行科技研究和经营管理，使其能持续发展，增强功能，提高效益。     

Relationship and its ecological significance between plant species diversity and ecosystem function of soil conservation in semi-humid evergreen forests, Yunnan Province, China

In recent years, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability, productivity, and other ecosystem functions has been extensively studied by using theoretical approaches, experimental investigations, and observations in natural ecosystems; however, results are controversial. For example, simple systems were more stable than complex systems in theoretical studies, and higher productivity was observed in human-made ecosystems with poorer species composition, etc. The role of biodiversity in the ecosystem, such as its influence on sustainability, stability, and productivity, is still not understood. Because accelerated soil-erosion in various ecosystems has caused a decrease of primary productivity, a logical way used in the study of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function can be used to study the relationship between plant species diversity and soil conservation. In addition, biodiversity is a product of evolutionary history, and soil erosion is a key factor controlling the evolution of modern environment on the surface of the Earth. A study on the relationship between biodiversity and soil-erosion processes could help us understand the environmental evolution of Earth. Fifteen 10 m × 40 m standard runoff plots were established to measure surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss in different secondary communities of semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests that varied in composition, diversity, and level of disturbance and soil erosion. The following five communities were studied: AEI (Ass. Elsholtzia fruticosa + Imperata cylindrical), APMO (Ass. Pinus yunnanensis + Myrsine africana + Oplismenus compsitus), APLO (Ass. Pinus yunnanensis + Lithocarpus confines + Oplismenus compsitus), AEME (Ass. Eucalyptus smith + Myrsine africana + Eupatorium adenophorum), and ACKV (Ass. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides + Keteleeria evelyniana + Viola duelouxii). Tree density, the diameter of the tree at breast height, and the hygroscopic volume of plant leaves were determined in each plot. Results indicated that surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss decreased as a power function with increase in plant species diversity. Their average values for three years were 960.20 m³/(hm² · year), 11.4 t/(hm² · year), and 127.69 kg/(hm² · year) in the plot with the lowest species diversity, and 75.55 m³/(hm² · year), 0.28 t/(hm² · year), and 4.71 kg/(hm² · year) in the plot with the highest species diversity, 12, 50, and 25 times respectively lower compared with the lowest species diversity plots. The coefficients of variation of surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss also followed a power function with the increase of plant species diversity, and were 287.6, 534.21, and 315.47 respectively in the lowest species diversity plot and 57.93, 187.94, and 59.2 in the highest species diversity plot. Enhanced soil conservation maintained greater stability with increased plant species diversity. Plant individual density increased linearly and the canopy density and cross section at breast height increased logarithmically with the increase of plant species diversity. The hydrological function enhanced as the plant species diversity increased. There were obviously relationships between plant species diversity and rainfall interception, coverage, and plant individual density, which was related to soil conservation functions in the five forest communities. The complex relationships between plant species diversity and the above-mentioned ecological processes indicated that plant species diversity was an important factor influencing the interception of rainfall, reducing soil erosion and enhancing the stability of soil conservation, but its mechanism is not known. This experiment showed that plant species diversity promoted soil and nutrient conservation and ultimately lead to the increase of the primary productivity of the ecosystem, and was thus a good way to study the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Rainfall interception could be assessed easily using the hygroscopic volume of plant leaves. Because there were strong correlations between plant species diversity and soil conservation functions, the patterns of plant species diversity will show a certain level of predictability on the interactions of life systems with surface processes of the Earth. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(3): 392–403 [译自: 植物生态学报     

景观破碎化对生物多样性的影响

景观破碎化是生物多样性下降的最主要的原因之一。破碎化阻碍了种群间的基因交流,引起近交衰败;改变了物种生存所需的生物地理环境,减小物种的生存空间;改变了生态系统特性,影响系统内的能量平衡和物质流动加剧了外来物种的入侵。本文通过对上述方面的阐述,旨在更好地理解景观破碎化对生物多样性产生的深刻影响,并对下一步的研究方向进行了初步探讨。     

惠州创建国家森林城市中生物多样性保护的途径与策略

生物多样性保护是国家森林城市建设考核评价指标中的一项重要内容。文中运用保护生物学理论,介绍了惠州市在森林建设中生物多样性保护的主要措施,分析目前生物多样性的主要胁迫因子,提出生物多样性保护的对策。     

海浪河源头植物多样性及保护构想

海浪河是牡丹江重要的河流。海浪河源头植物资源十分丰富，植被大至有6个分布带。是当地经济发展的命脉。着重论述了其生物多样性特点及分布现状。分析了海浪河流域的现状，提出了保护植物多样性方法。     

云南德钦梅里雪山风景名胜区生物多样性及其保护

从森林生态系统、物种多样性、遗传多样性、景观多样性几个方面分析了生物多样性现状;从采伐、林下放牧、林下采集、项目建设、森林火灾等方面分析了生物多样性受干扰情况,提出建立生物多样性地理信息系统、坚持封山育林、实施就地保护、加强管理、发展林产业、旅游业等保护对策．