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为探索福建山区稻田生态种养技术,发展山区生态渔业,2013年将南平的邵武市、武夷山市、松溪县、光泽县及浦城县等五地分别作为稻鱼共作、稻鳖共作、稻鳅共作以及稻虾轮作等4种模式的稻田生态种养技术的示范,示范面积共73.33 hm2.结果表明,各示范点由于充分利用了稻田的生态效应,在不施用农药和渔药、减轻农业面源污染和稻谷产量不减的基础上,均产出了生态、健康的稻米与水产品.水稻单作模式的稻谷产量为495.7 kg/667m2,利润为439元/667 m2;稻田生态种养模式的稻谷平均产量为517.2kg/667 m2,水产品平均产量为60.6 kg/667m2,平均利润2 183元/667 m2,增加了利润1744元/667 m2,是水稻单作模式的5.0倍.稻鳖共作、稻鱼共作、稻虾轮作以及稻鳅共作四种稻田生态种养模式分别是水稻单作模式单位利润的34.7倍、5.0倍、3.4倍和1.7倍.稻鱼共作模式中武夷山示范点稻谷产量比水稻单种模式增加18.7%,平均利润是水稻单种模式的10.2倍.实践证明,新形势下的稻田生态种养模式对于确保粮食安全、发展生态高效的水产养殖业和种植业,有较好的借鉴意义. 相似文献
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通过多年探索总结出适宜淮北地域不同养殖条件的稻田稻蟹共作综合种养模式.该模式利用水养动物和水体中微生物进行有机结合形成多物种共存循环转化种养模式来实现经济效益、生态效益、社会效益的统一,并确定适宜稻田种养的主要水产养殖经济种类的养殖模式和技术要点.推广应用综合种养模式,可以增加养殖户经济效益,提高单位面积土地的产出,推进水产养殖业向节约、生态、高效、健康、安全的方向发展,全面地提升水产养殖业的水平. 相似文献
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系统介绍了“稻田+塑膜池”稻鳅综合种养试验的稻田工程、水稻种植、泥鳅放养和田间管理等技术措施,并探讨了该模式的优点、不足和发展前景。试验结束,收获水稻600 kg、泥鳅125 kg,折合667 m2产稻谷461.5 kg、泥鳅96.15 kg,两项收益合计为5080元/667 m2,投入产出比为1∶3.55,种养效益显著。 相似文献
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浙江省水产技术推广总站 《中国水产》2012,436(3):47-48
浙江省是稻田养鱼传统产区,具有悠久的历史。浙江省青田县有1000多年历史的稻鱼共生系统是联合国粮农组织首批全球四个农业文化遗产项目之一。全省各种类型稻田养鱼面积约127万亩。近年来,浙江省以\"养鱼、稳粮、增收\"为 相似文献
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成都地区稻田养鱼具有悠久的历史,发展稻田综合种养具有良好的基础,随着新一轮稻田综合种养浪潮的到来,成都市近年来逐渐加大了工程化稻田综合种养的发展力度,取得了较好成绩,但也显现出田间工程改造不当、养殖技术有待提高、销售门路有待拓宽等问题。文章在分析了成都市稻田综合种养的现状及面临的机遇、威胁的基础上,从相关政策制定、加强科技技术推广、探索多途径促进稻田综合种养产品销售从而增加农民收入等方面,提出了进一步保护和促进稻田综合种养发展的对策,为成都地区及其它地区的稻田综合种养提供借鉴和指导。 相似文献
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作为联合国粮农组织的首个全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)试点保护项目,青田稻—鱼共生系统以其独特的优势受到越来越多的关注。为了更好地保护这一亚洲首个GIAHS项目,实验观察了青田稻—鱼共生系统在不同水稻栽培密度下的土壤肥力情况。结果显示,调查区域稻田土壤的pH值为5.50~6.13,呈弱酸性;土壤养分(全氮、有机质、有效磷和速效钾)含量随水稻生长均呈先减少后增加趋势,且在拔节期—抽穗期达到最低值,但在水稻收割前的成熟期均能恢复至不低于初始的较高水平,表明青田田鱼的活动有助于维持土壤肥力。根据水稻产量与土壤养分的关联度分析结果,发现与水稻产量关系最密切的因子是土壤pH和速效钾;相比于含量丰富的全氮、有效磷和有机质,轻度缺乏的速效钾和较低的pH值限制了水稻的生长和最终产量。研究表明,在本季种养过程中,水稻栽插密度对稻田土壤肥力的影响不显著。 相似文献
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稻田养殖沙塘鳢对稻田水体及底泥微生物群落结构及多样性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了研究养殖沙塘鳢(Odontobutis obscurus)对稻田水体及底泥的微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,2015年于浙江海盐江南四阡现代农业公司进行了沙塘鳢的稻田养殖实验,利用DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)技术对养殖过程中的稻田水体及底泥中细菌的16S r DNA片段进行指纹图谱分析。DGGE条带测序分析结果显示:稻田水体及底泥共检测到包括α-变形菌亚门(Alphaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌亚门(Betaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌亚门(Gammaproteobacteria)、δ-变形菌亚门(Deltaproteobacteria)、ε-变形菌亚门(Epsilonproteobacteria)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)等细菌门类。多样性分析结果显示,养殖沙塘鳢的稻田底泥微生物DGGE条带数多于常规养殖稻田,养殖稻田的底泥Shannon多样性指数2.86,显著高于常规稻田的2.27,同时养殖稻田养殖沟底泥的Shannon多样性指数随养殖时间由2.56变化到2.16。PCA(Principal Component Analysis)及DGGE聚类分析结果显示,养殖稻田的水体及底泥微生物群落结构与常规稻田存在较大差异。结果表明,稻田养殖环境的微生态条件可能优于常规稻田。 相似文献
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如何在重金属镉 (Cd)超标的土壤中生产出质量达标米已成为亟需解决的问题。为探讨稻-鱼种养对大米Cd积累的减控效果,本研究建立了稻 (喜两优超占) -鱼 (合方鲫2号)种养系统,比较了稻-鱼共作系统和水稻单作系统中环境介质、米、鱼等Cd含量,以及米、鱼的生物学性状。结果显示,稻-鱼共作合方鲫2号平均体重为331.7 g,相比鱼种增重1.7倍。不同种养系统大米的营养品质无显著差异。稻田土壤总Cd平均含量为0.472 mg/kg (pH=5.5),略高于污染临界值0.40 mg/kg (5.5≤pH≤6.5),不同种养系统土壤总Cd含量与土壤pH无显著差异。合方鲫2号内脏虽有少量Cd积累[ (0.060±0.032)mg/kg],但肌肉Cd含量很低 (<0.003 mg/kg)。水稻单作大米Cd平均含量为0.311 mg/kg,达到国家粮食安全标准限定值的1.6倍。稻-鱼共作大米Cd平均含量仅0.034 mg/kg,较水稻单作大米Cd含量下降89.1%,水稻单作大米Cd含量与土壤总Cd含量呈极显著正相关 (r=0.802),而稻-鱼共作系统则无该显著相关性。研究表明,合方鲫2号是适合稻-鱼种养的好品种,以此为养殖品种可以建立完善的稻-鱼综合种养模式,该种模式能有效抑制土壤Cd的生物活性,对大米Cd积累有显著的减控效能,且经济效益显著。本研究为稻-鱼等生态种养综合生产模式的推广应用提供了重要数据支撑和参考。 相似文献
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如何在重金属镉(Cd)超标的土壤中生产出质量达标米已成为亟需解决的问题。为探讨稻-鱼种养对大米Cd积累的减控效果,本研究建立了稻(喜两优超占)-鱼(合方鲫2号)种养系统,比较了稻-鱼共作系统和水稻单作系统中环境介质、米、鱼等Cd含量,以及米、鱼的生物学性状。结果显示,稻-鱼共作合方鲫2号平均体重为331.7 g,相比鱼种增重1.7倍。不同种养系统大米的营养品质无显著差异。稻田土壤总Cd平均含量为0.472 mg/kg (pH=5.5),略高于污染临界值0.40 mg/kg (5.5≤pH≤6.5),不同种养系统土壤总Cd含量与土壤pH无显著差异。合方鲫2号内脏虽有少量Cd积累[(0.060±0.032)mg/kg],但肌肉Cd含量很低(<0.003 mg/kg)。水稻单作大米Cd平均含量为0.311 mg/kg,达到国家粮食安全标准限定值的1.6倍。稻-鱼共作大米Cd平均含量仅0.034 mg/kg,较水稻单作大米Cd含量下降89.1%,水稻单作大米Cd含量与土壤总Cd含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.802),而稻-鱼共作系统则无该显著相关性。研究表明,合方鲫2号是适合稻-鱼种养的好... 相似文献
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Understanding the links between large scale spatial structuring of fish assemblages and shaping factors is essential to develop comprehensive ecosystem-based fisheries management. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of bottom fish assemblages in the North Sea in relation to prevailing water masses in the region. We based our analysis on catch data from the German Small-Scale Bottom Trawl Survey conducted between 1987 and 2005 and used both ordination techniques and Mantel tests. Spatial variability of bottom fish assemblages was larger than inter-annual variability. Five significantly different bottom fish assemblages were associated with the following prevailing hydrographical regimes: i) the English Channel, ii) Continental Coastal, iii) central North Sea, iv) northern North Sea, and v) northern Atlantic water masses. Associations were generated by gradients in relative proportions of abundant species such as grey gurnard ( Eutrigla gurnardus ), dab ( Limanda limanda ), whiting ( Merlangius merlangus ), haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) and Norway pout ( Trisopterus esmarki ). Taking into account large scale spatial structuring of catch data Mantel tests confirmed significant correlation between the fish assemblages and hydrographical variables. In summary, our results strongly support the hypotheses that hydrographical features such as water masses, fronts, and residual currents could shape bottom fish associations in the North Sea. Spatial demarcations of bottom fish assemblages indicated by this study can be used to support ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies. 相似文献
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Rising costs of inputs have created a need to improve catfish production efficiencies. An inexpensive confinement system was evaluated for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus foodfish production. Barriers were constructed in five 0.1-ha earthen ponds to partition ponds into 1/3 and 2/3 sections. Large fingerling (136 g) catfish were stocked at 11,115 fish/ha in the smaller 1/3 section (shallow end) of the confinement ponds or in open ponds (control). Seining efficiency was significantly greater for the confinement system. Yield and daily growth of food fish were significantly lower and feed conversion ratio higher in the confinement system compared to open ponds. Partial budget analysis showed a net loss of –$313/ha. Additional work is needed to develop inexpensive production systems to capture efficiencies of confinement without decreasing production. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: A new abalone postlarval culture system, Stott's abalone postlarval production system (SAPPS), is being developed as an alternative method for settling larvae and on-growing postlarval abalone. SAPPS was tested in trial 1 using two commercially available artificial diets, Adam and Amos (Adam; supplied by Adam and Amos, Mt Barker, SA, Australia) and Cosmo (Cos; supplied by Cosmo, Matsuyama, Japan), against the diatom biofilm method (Diatom). In trial 2, SAPPS was tested against the previous production system (PPS, used by Stott et al. 2002). Larvae were induced to metamorphose and the resulting postlarvae were on-grown in 10-L flow-through tanks for 28 days in their respective treatments. The final survival of postlarvae was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in the SAPPS-Cos group (56.7 ± 11.15%) than in the Diatom (9.4 ± 2.7%) and SAPPS-Adam groups (8.5 ± 1.1%). The final length of postlarvae in SAPPS-Cos (1065 ± 73 µm) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than those in the other two treatments (average of 841–883 µm). In trial 2 the metamorphosis rate was improved by using Spirulina platensis. The final length of postlarvae in SAPPS (1449–1471 µm) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than PPS (1065–1075 µm) and Diatom (993 µm). There is potential for SAPPS to be used as an alternative to the current diatom method in the culture of postlarval abalone. 相似文献
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Over the past decade, viral pathogens have caused mass mortalities of farmed shrimp throughout the major shrimp farming regions of the world. In addition, the global shrimp farming industry has been criticized for negatively impacting coastal environments. These issues have raised concerns about the sustainability of traditional shrimp farming practices, and have prompted farmers and researchers to develop biosecure technologies that promote a sustainable industry. Current technologies include the use of specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp that are grown to market size in recirculating systems that rely on pathogen exclusion. Inherent in this approach is the need to produce SPF broodstock under biosecure conditions. However, there is a paucity of information on broodstock growth and reproductive performance when they are reared in recirculating systems. The present investigation compares shrimp growth and reproductive performance in two trials where shrimp were cultured from market size (20 g) to broodstock size (40–60 g) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) versus a flow-through earthen pond (EP). In trial 1, mean growth rates of males and females in the RAS were 0.83 and 1.33 g/week, respectively. In the EP, males and females grew 1.07 and 1.48 g/week, respectively. In trial 2, mean growth rates of males and females in the RAS were 0.90 and 1.53 g/week, respectively, whereas in the EP, males and females grew and 1.24 and 1.78 g/week. Slower growth rates in the RAS may be attributed to the lack of natural productivity, which provides supplemental nutrition to the shrimp. In addition to growth rates, reproductive performance of broodstock reared in the RAS was compared with historical reproductive performance of broodstock reared in the EP. Data on spawning success and production of viable nauplii revealed no significant differences (P>0.05) between broodstock shrimp reared in these two systems. These results indicate that broodstock shrimp can be cultured in a biosecure RAS while maintaining good growth and high survival. In addition, reproductive performance of broodstock shrimp reared in a RAS is not compromised when compared with broodstock shrimp reared in a conventional, flow-through pond. 相似文献