Recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis expressing highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 elicits mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses in mice

Currently, killed-virus and modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines are used to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. However, both types of vaccines have inherent drawbacks; accordingly, the development of novel PRRSV vaccines is urgently needed. Previous studies have suggested that yeast possesses adjuvant activities, and it has been used as an expression vehicle to elicit immune responses to foreign antigens. In this report, recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis expressing GP5 of HP-PRRSV (Yeast-GP5) was generated and immune responses to this construct were analyzed in mice. Intestinal mucosal PRRSV-specific sIgA antibody and higher levels of IFN-γ in spleen CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were induced by oral administration of Yeast-GP5. Additionally, Yeast-GP5 administered subcutaneously evoked vigorous cell-mediated immunity, and PRRSV-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ secretion were detected in the splenocytes of mice. These results suggest that Yeast-GP5 has the potential for use as a vaccine for PRRSV in the future.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的病原体,本文对PRRSV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,主要包括PRRSV的基因组结构、病毒蛋白及其功能、抗原变异等,旨在为诊断技术、免疫机理研究、疫苗设计与疫病防制提供借鉴.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒反转录环媒恒温检测方法的建立

本研究利用PrimerExplorer V4软件设计了针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)N基因保守区6个特异性部位的4种引物,建立了PRRSV的反转录环媒恒温检测方法.利用该方法所建立的反应体系在恒温水浴锅中作用1 h即可得到其特有的阶梯状条带,而且猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒、猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病毒和健康猪睾丸细胞的扩增结果均为阴性.本方法对PRRSV的最低检出量为1 ×100个～1×101个基因拷贝.反转录环媒恒温检测方法和普通RT-PCR方法检测临床样品的符合率为96.2%.该方法为现地开展猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的快速诊断和综合防治方案的提出提供了有力的诊断工具.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪瘟病毒混合感染的检测

2005年3月,江苏某猪场仔猪发生体温升高,呼吸困难,四肢末端、耳尖发绀,站立不稳和淋巴结出血为主要症状的疾病。4头发病仔猪的淋巴结、脾、肺脏组织用RT-PCR方法分别检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪瘟病毒为阳性,用猪瘟ELISA试剂盒检测猪瘟病毒野毒为阳性。结合本病的临床症状和病理剖检,病例确诊为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪瘟野毒的混合感染。     

基因2型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的遗传变异与演化

作为一种RNA病毒,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)极易变异,具有快速演化且易与其他毒株发生重组的特性,不同PRRSV毒株又存在着明显的致病性表型差异,异源毒株间交叉保护较差,这也是迄今为止PRRSV未得到有效控制的最主要的原因之一,PRRSV给全球养猪业带来了不可估量的经济损失。自上世纪80年代发现以来,基因2型PRRSV不断变异与演化,根据ORF5基因遗传进化分析,其被划分为9个谱系,我国主要以谱系1,3,5,8为主。本文从自然流行毒株、疫苗演化毒株、重组毒株3个方面对基因2型PRRSV的遗传变异与演化进行了综述,以期为PRRSV分子流行病学的研究及其免疫防控提供参考依据。     

Profiles of serum amino acids to screen for catabolic and inflammation status in calves with Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between serum amino acid profiles in normal and calves with Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia. Serum free amino acid concentrations in serum obtained from 34 calves with or without Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The calves with Mycoplasma were characterized by significantly lower total amino acid and total essential amino acid concentrations and molar ratios of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) to aromatic amino acid (BCAA/AAA) and BCAA to tyrosine (BTR), and by a significantly higher molar ratio of serine phosphorylation (SPR). The proposed diagnostic cutoffs for BCAA/AAA, BTR and SPR in serum based on ROC analysis for detection of catabolic states associated with Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia were set at <1.75, <2.86 and >0.85, respectively. Our results suggest that determining the profiles of amino acids, especially BTR and SPR, could provide useful diagnostic information in terms of predicting protein catabolism in Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia.     

Pathogenicity of emerging Japanese type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs

To clarify the pathogenicity of Japanese type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate in experimentally infected pigs, we evaluated clinical signs and monitored viremia for 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). Lungs were mottled, tanned and reddish in appearance; had lesions predominantly in the cranial, middle and accessory lobes; and failed to collapse at 10 dpi. Although microscopic lesions of lungs were reproduced using the Japanese emerging type 1 PRRSV isolate under experimental conditions, no significant differences were noted between the challenge and control groups regarding mean rectal temperature and daily weight gain. These results provide useful insights into the limited pathogenicity of single infection with the Japanese type 1 PRRSV isolate in piglets, which differ from findings in reported field cases.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒接触感染仔猪模型的建立

为了建立猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)接触感染模型,将易感仔猪与PRRSV人工感染仔猪在隔离器中同居饲养,每日观察记录体温变化和临床症状,定期采集血清和粪便样品,用荧光定量RT-PCR检测病毒血症和粪便排毒水平;对病死猪和试验结束迫杀猪进行剖检和肺脏组织病理学检查,并检测各器官病毒载量和组织分布。结果显示:接触感染仔猪出现高热和PRRS症状时间分别较人工接种猪推迟2~3d;第3天起血清检测PRRSV阳性,第10天病毒血症上升至较高水平(108.6拷贝/mL);第5天起粪便检测PRRSV阳性,第7天粪便排毒量上升至较高水平(103.9拷贝/0.1g);3头接触感染仔猪分别于同居后第12天和第13天死亡,较人工接种猪推迟1~2d,病死猪的主要器官病毒载量以及剖检和肺脏显微病理变化与人工接种病死猪相似。这些结果表明,本研究建立的接触感染仔猪模型可用于PRRS疫苗免疫效果评价。     

猪圆环病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒混合感染对仔猪致病性的评估

本研究通过猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)强毒共感染3周龄健康仔猪来评价其致病性。试验动物随机分为3组,空白对照组(n=3头),PRRSV单独感染组(n=3头),PCV2和PRRSV共感染组(n=6头),从而比较相互之间的差异。通过临床症状、病理学变化、病原学和血清学检查,对二者混合感染仔猪的致病性进行了研究。结果表明PCV2和PRRSV共同感染能引起仔猪断奶后多系统消耗性综合征,表现为淋巴组织肿大、出血,肉芽肿性炎症,坏死性肝炎,仔猪消瘦、生长缓慢等特征性病变;混合感染能加重PRRSV对仔猪引起的间质性肺炎的严重程度。混合感染可以出现支气管肺炎和明显的肝病变,淋巴结多呈界限明显的块状出血等典型病变。     

广西猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染状况调查

采用RT-PCR技术,对2004年1月至2005年4月期间,广西13个市104个疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染猪场,无菌采取231头病、死猪的组织病料(肺脏、淋巴结、脾脏)进行了病毒检测。同时,对鉴定为PRRSV阳性的组织病料和猪场进行了猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)和猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的检测,以确定猪群中PRRSV与PCV2、CSFV和PRV混合感染情况。结果从12个市的115份组织病料中检出PRRSV,病料的平均阳性率为49.78%(115/231),猪场的平均阳性率为61.54%(64/104),不同地市有一定的差异。PRRSV与PCV2、CSFV和/或PRV二重或多重混和感染的组织病料总数为53份,猪场总数为39个,混合感染的组织病料和猪场的总阳性率分别为22.94%(53/231)和37.50%(39/104)。混合感染的组织病料占PRRSV阳性组织病料的46.09%(53/115),混合感染的猪场占PRRSV阳性猪场的60.94%(39/64)。其中以PCV2和PRRSV混合感染的组织病料和猪场数最多。由此可见,PRRSV感染在广西猪场已普遍存在,与其他病毒混合感染现象逐渐趋向复杂化。     

对PRRSV快速分型的多重RT-PCR方法的建立与应用

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)欧洲株、美洲经典株与高致病性Nsp2变异株的Nsp2基因间的差异,设计3对特异性扩增引物,建立快速检测PRRSV欧洲株、美洲经典株和高致病性Nsp2变异株的多重RT-PCR方法。利用PRRSV欧洲株、经典株和高致病性Nsp2变异株及其他相关病毒株进行敏感度和特异性试验。结果显示,所建立的多重RT-PCR对欧洲株、美洲经典株与高致病性Nsp2变异株的RNA最小检出量分别为0.050 2、0.055 4、0.056 4ng,与CSFV、TGEV、JEV、SIV的核酸均无交叉反应。用该方法检测病料76份,结果PRRSV欧洲株、美洲经典株和高致病性Nsp2变异株的阳性率分别为0、7.89%和53.9%,未发现3型病毒间有混合感染的情况。检测结果与单一RT-PCR及RT-PCR检测试剂盒检测结果一致,高于病毒分离。     

贵州省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子流行病学调查

为了解2007年4月至2008年7月贵州省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)分子流行病学特征,在此期间基于PRRSV的Nsp2基因在全省33个发病猪场展开调查。结果表明,有3种不同Nsp2基因缺失类型毒株在贵州省流行。参考PRRSV经典毒株相应序列,根据Nsp2基因缺失的不同情况将PRRSV贵州省流行毒株分为3种类型,类型Ⅰ(3/33)缺失177个碱基,类型Ⅱ(29/33)缺失90个碱基,类型Ⅲ(1/33)缺失93个碱基。类型Ⅱ毒株与近年来国内广泛流行的高致病性PRRSV缺失情况一致,类型Ⅰ和Ⅲ是2种新发现的缺失型毒株,但其系统发生地位与高致病性PRRSV接近。     

Molecular evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates from central China

To investigate the genetic diversity of prevailing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Henan Province of China, 61 ORF5 gene sequences, originating from Henan Province during 2003–2010, were subjected to amino acid variation and phylogenetic analysis. The analyzed PRRSV ORF5 sequences carried evidence of one unique recombination event. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Henan isolates belonged to type 2 genotype and were divided into two subgroups. The dominant isolates had shifted from subgroup 1 to subgroup 2 during 2003–2010. Amino acid variation analysis of the glycoprotein 5 revealed that Henan PRRSV strains tended to accumulate more substitutions within the N-terminus and hypervariable region. Selective pressure analysis revealed evidence that some ORF5 sites have likely evolved in response to immune pressure.     

PRRSV NC株ORF3基因的克隆、序列分析及表达

为原核表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的ORF3基因,本研究根据GenBank登录PRRSV美洲株ATCC VR2332的ORF3基因序列,利用Primer 6.0软件设计合成一对特异性引物,经RT-PCR扩增得到了大小为765bp的片段。将扩增的ORF3基因截短为495bp和750bp片段分别克隆于原核表达载体pGEX-KG中,在IPTG的诱导下进行Gp3重组蛋白的截短表达,经western blot检测证实表达的2种截短重组蛋白均具有良好的与抗体的反应活性,从而为进一步研制新型疫苗提供了实验依据。     

板蓝根、黄芪对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的体外抑制作用

为了解中草药黄芪、板蓝根对病毒增殖的抑制作用,对黄芪、板蓝根及二者联合使用在Marc-145的单层细胞上对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)增殖的抑制作用进行了研究。结果表明,板蓝根能够显著抑制PRRSV体外增殖,对PRRSV的最小直接杀灭浓度为0.195 mg/mL,最小阻断浓度为0.097 mg/mL;黄芪对PRRSV增殖的抑制作用较弱。板蓝根、黄芪联合使用时对PRRSV的抑制作用显著增强,板蓝根对PRRSV的最小直接杀灭浓度降为0.097 mg/mL,最小阻断浓度降为0.049 mg/mL。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和致病性沙门氏菌的混合感染

2003年9～11月某猪场发生母猪持续性繁殖障碍和7日龄仔猪呼吸困难、寒颤、下痢、体温升高和实质性器官出血为主要特征的疾病。3头发病仔猪的病变组织用RT-PCR检测。均为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)阳性；由3头发病猪病料中所分离的细菌。可于普通琼脂、伊红美蓝和麦康凯琼脂培养基上生长，革兰氏染色阴性，形态与组织触片镜检及生化反应特性与沙门氏菌一致，可致死小鼠。仅对头孢唑啉呈中度敏感。结合该病的流行病学调查、临床症状、病理剖检，确诊为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和致病性沙门氏菌混合感染。     

A survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome among wild boar populations in Korea

No information is currently available on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea. In this study, the status of PRRS in wild boars was investigated. Blood samples were collected from 267 wild boars from eight provinces in Korea. Four of the samples tested (1.5%) were positive for PRRSV antibodies and eight (3.0%) were positive for antigens. Of the virus-positive samples, three and five samples were typed as containing European (EU, type 1) or North American (NA, type 2) viruses, respectively. Two amplicons (one from type 1 and one from type 2) were used to analyze the PRRSV open reading frame 7 (ORF7) sequence. The nucleotide sequences of type 1 PRRSV ORF7 had identities between 96.1% and 98.4% with PRRSVs from domestic pigs in Korea. The sequences of type 2 PRRSV ORF7 had identities of 100% with the PRRSV strain VR-2332, which was prototypic North American strain. These results show that PRRSVs are present in wild boars in Korea, and effective PRRSV surveillance of the wild boar population might therefore be useful for disease control.     

用免疫金技术检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒

用胶体金标记提纯后的兔抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒 (PRRSV)IgG ,建立了一种以微孔滤膜为固相载体 ,以红色胶体金为标记物的检测PRRSV的斑点免疫金渗滤法 (DIGFA)。特异性阻断试验与交叉试验证明DIGFA检测PRRSV有较高的特异性。检测 1 5份临床样本 ,其中 3份DIG FA及细胞培养均为阳性 ,电镜观察亦可见符合PRRSV特征的病毒粒子     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒通用型实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank登录的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）北美型毒株和欧洲型毒株N蛋白基因保守序列,设计1对特异性引物和1条探针,以ABI公司PRRSV RNA为标准品,优化了PRRSV实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,25μL反应体系引物prrsv-f/prrsv-r（20μmol/L）各0.5μL,探针prrsv-p（10μmol/L）0.5μL为反应最佳工作浓度,标准曲线Ct值和模板启始浓度的log值之间具有良好的线性相关性。特异性、敏感性和重复性检测结果显示,该方法能特异的检测PRRSV北美型毒株和欧洲型毒株,与其他主要猪病病原检测无交叉反应;针对PRRSV RNA标准品检测,灵敏度可以达到10拷贝;重复性检测Ct值变异系数为0.74%～1.52%。用建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,对40份临床样品检测,与商品化试剂盒检测结果完全一致。