促进南方农区草地畜牧业发展的措施

草地畜牧业是衡量一个国家或地区畜牧业发展水平的重要标志,发展草地畜牧业是兼顾生态安全和经济发展两大目标的最佳结合点,发展草地畜牧业对优化农业结构,促进农牧民增收,带动地区经济的发展起到了积极作用。文章分析了发展南方农区草地畜牧业的基本思路和措施。     

立足山区自然资源优势发展生态草地畜牧业

畜牧业发展的状况，是一个国家农业发展水平的重要标志，草地畜牧业是畜牧业发展的顶级形式，是发达国家农业的重要支柱产业。我们西南山区省份，面对入世后的严峻形势和市场经济新理念，必须立足山区自然资源优势，充分利用国家扶持西部地区发展和生态环境建设政策，积极调整农业产业结构，优化资源配置，发展高产、优质、高效、生态、安全的草地畜牧业，走上农业可持续发展的新路子。     

黔东南州草地畜牧业的可持续发展

畜牧业发展的状况是农业发展水平的重要标志,草地生态畜牧业是畜牧业发展的顶级形式,是一个国家或地区农业的重要支柱产业。面对市场经济新理念,我们必须立足山区自然资源优势的特点,充分利用国家扶持西部地区发展和生态环境建设政策,积极调整农业产业结构,优化资源配置,走资源节约、高效生产、持续发展的道路。创导发展高产、优质、高效的草地生态畜牧产业。现就贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州草地资源优势、潜在的困难和问题及可持续发展趋势,做简要分析。一、黔东南州草地资源优势及发展现状1.资源优势。(1)草地资源。本州可供草食     

畜牧业适度规模经营发展的策略

内蒙古自治区总土地面积占全国国土面积的12.3%,土地、草原等资源十分丰富,经济发展的基础产业就是草地畜牧业。畜牧业发展水平是一个国家农业发展水平的重要标志,发达国家的畜牧业产值在农业经济中的比重超过60%,所以大力发展畜牧业对优化产业结构,吸纳农村剩余劳动力,增加农民收入,促进农村经济乃至整个国民经济增长都具有     

贵州草地生态畜牧业发展存在问题及解决方法

畜牧业发展的状况是农业发展水平的重要标志,草地畜牧业是畜牧业发展的顶级形式,是发达国家农业的重要支柱产业。对于贵州地区,面对市场经济新理念,必须立足山区自然资源优势,充分利用国家扶持西部地区发展和生态环境建设政策,积极调     

以种草养羊为突破口实现农区草地畜牧业的大发展

草地畜牧业是衡量一个国家或地区畜牧业发展水平的重要标志 ,西方发达国家草地畜牧业的产值占到畜牧业产值的6 0 %以上 ,我国约占 12 % ,湖北省约占 6 % ,而荆州市仅占1 5 %左右。可以说 ,草地畜牧业是今后我国、我省、尤其是荆州市畜牧业发展的重要增长点。荆州市地处长江中游、江汉平原腹地 ,畜牧业以猪禽为主体 ,属典型的农区。“九五”以来 ,全市生猪出栏常年在 30 0万头、家禽出笼在 30 0 0万只左右 ,增长潜力越来越小。如何实现江总书记“尽快将畜牧业发展成一个大产业”的号召和要求 ,促进畜牧业稳步增长 ,为农业结构调整、农业增效…     

草地畜牧业生态系统模式探讨

草地畜牧业是畜牧业发展的顶级形式 ,是托起发达国家的支柱产业 ,草地畜牧业的发展状况标志着一个国家、一个地区农业的发展水平。新世纪来临之际 ,国家作出实施西部大开发战略决策 ,号召西部地区退耕还林还草、建设和保护生态环境 ,发展草地畜牧业 ,调整农村产业结构 ,优化资源配置 ,推进农业产业化进程 ,建立高产、优质、高效的现代化畜牧业 ,实现农业可持续发展战略。黔西南位于云贵高原东南边缘向广西丘陵山地过度的斜坡地带 ,山地和丘陵占国土面积的 92 % ,海拔 80 0ｍ以下的低山河谷占总面积的 2 0 % ,80 0～ 140 0ｍ以上的中高山区占…     

践行中亚探索之旅 发挥行业引领作用——中国草业代表团中亚三国考察

正中亚作为"丝绸之路经济带"的核心区域,具有重要的战略地位。中亚的草地和畜牧资源极为丰富,农业发展潜力巨大,但又普遍存在农业生产技术落后、农业机械化水平低、化肥和农药等农资供应不足等问题。为进一步落实国家"丝绸之路经济带"建设的精神和"一带一路"发展战略,中国畜牧业协会草业分会组织中国草业高层考察团先后赴哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦三国,对其草地资源与利用现状、草地畜牧业发展进程等进行了考察,并     

依托区域资源优势 实施动物疫病区划管理 加快发展现代畜牧业——山东德州市生物安全隔离区建设试点可行性调研报告

畜牧业是农村经济中的一个战略性产业,畜牧业发展的水平是一个国家和地区农业发达程度的重要标志。加快畜牧业发展,对于优化农业结构,增加农民收入,发展现代农业,     

以“振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动”为引领发展农区的草地畜牧业

发展农区的草地畜牧业是转变农业发展方式的一个主要方面，是推进农业现代化的重要途径。目前在发展农区草地畜牧业方面存在认识上的误区，受到传统观念的阻碍，工作起步的难度很大。从2012年开始，国家将启动实施“振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动”，中央财政每年安排5．25亿元资金，在奶牛主产省和苜蓿主产区，开展奶牛优质苜蓿标准化高产创建。这是国家实施的在农区种草养畜的第一个重点项目，我们应该以这个项目为引领。促进农区草地畜牧业的发展。1发展草地畜牧业势在必行     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.