天祝县岔口驿马产业发展的思考与建议

天祝县岔口驿马已经历经了两千多年的养殖历史,具有很强的民族特色和产业效益。本文从岔口驿马的概况出发,结合当前岔口驿马产业发展的优劣势,提出了做大做强岔口驿马产业发展的思路和对策建议。     

天祝县岔口驿马产业发展现状及潜力

本文针对天祝县岔口驿马产业发展的现状,分析了岔口驿马产业发展的潜在优势,通过政府扶持和政策引导,为岔口驿马产业的健康、快速发展提供了依据。     

2022年中华民族赛马大会·天祝马文化马产业发展座谈会召开

近日,2022年中华民族赛马大会·天祝马文化马产业发展座谈会召开.会议要求,要加快建立现代马产业生产体系,提升岔口驿马养殖专业化、规范化、标准化水平.通过标准化养殖和管理技术推广等,推动马产业转型升级.要进一步完善资源保护体系,不断完善岔口驿马的信息登记,利用岔口驿马独特的赛马优势,打造岔口驿马专属赛事,树立岔口驿马独...     

岔口驿马产业发展的调查与思考

我们通过对天祝县的特有马种——岔口驿马的产业发展调查进行分析,我们发现岔口驿马产业的发展所面临的巨大问题并进行深入探讨分析,并且在此基础上提出岔口驿马产业发展以及种质资源保护方面的对策,诣在为岔口驿马品种资源进行保护与利用、同时为畜牧业的健康可持续发展、进而为人类社会可持续发展提供思路。     

岔口驿马品种资源保护利用现状及前景展望

岔口驿马是我国稀有的马类种质资源,被列入《国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录》,合理保护和利用岔口驿马品种资源,将对保护生物多样性、保存岔口驿马基因库、发展民族地区经济、传承和发扬马文化具有积极的推动作用。     

天祝县岔口驿马产业发展的思考

岔口驿马是天祝县的古老马种,其拥有深厚的文化底蕴,代表着当地的特色文化,是可以成为天祝县可持续发展的支撑产业。本文从多个角度阐述了岔口驿马的发展现状,并对实现可持续发展提供一定的思路,以期推动天祝岔口驿马产业的快速发展。     

加味四君子汤治疗岔口驿马带下症的体会

近年来天祝县融合岔口驿马资源发掘、品种保护和农牧民增收,政府加大扶持力度,岔口驿马规模化养殖逐步实现,养殖规模和数量有了很大的发展。在岔口驿马兽医临床上,带下症偶有发生,带下症的发生对岔口驿马繁殖、保种选育造成一定的影响。《中兽医诊疗经验第四集》的加味四君子汤由"党参、白术、云苓、炙甘草、芡实、山药、莲子、陈皮、车前子、巴戟、补骨脂、熟地、归身、炙芪、肉桂"组成,笔者运用加味四君子汤治疗岔口驿马带下症,疗效显著。     

基于全基因组重测序的岔口驿马分子遗传特性研究

本研究以岔口驿马为主要研究对象，分析了其群体结构以及其与百色马、哈萨克马品种的遗传关系和受选择位点。实验采用PCA分析、系统发育树分析、ADMIXTURE分析以探明群体遗传结构和品种间的遗传关系；采用群体遗传分化指数（Fst）、核苷酸多样性（θπ）和XP-EHH 3种方法检测岔口驿马受选择位点，提取相应的基因进行富集分析。研究结果表明，在这3个马品种中，岔口驿马与哈萨克马的遗传关系更近；使用3种分析方法所筛选到的岔口驿马与百色马的候选基因有110个，岔口驿马与哈萨克马的候选基因有25个；GO和KEGG富集分析结果显示，岔口驿马与百色马的差异基因主要富集在骨骼发育通路，而岔口驿马与哈萨克马的差异基因主要富集在神经发育相关通路。本研究初步揭示了岔口驿马的遗传特性，并为岔口驿马保种选育工作提供了参考依据。     

天祝“白牦牛”“岔口驿马”发展中的天祝的地方特色产业

近年来,天祝县狠抓白牦牛种质资源保护和岔口驿马保种选育,积极培育地方特色产业。截至目前,全县组建白牦牛核心群20群2000头,选育群70群5100头,白牦牛数量达到4.8万头,占牦牛总量的48%。组建岔口驿马保种群4群100匹,保种户100户350匹。积极开发利用“天祝白牦牛”商标和“地理标志认证”的品牌推广工作,提高产品附加值。开展岔口驿马种质资源普查及性能测定工作,鉴定岔口驿马450匹,并建立了电子档案。     

岔口驿马痉挛疝的诊治

通过对两例岔口驿马痉挛疝的诊断和治疗,从病因、发病机理、临床症状、诊断和治疗等几方面探讨岔口驿马痉挛疝,并采取中西医结合的治疗方式,取得满意效果。结果表明,对患痉挛疝初期的岔口驿马,若及时采取西医疗法,使用解痉镇痛药物效果良好,再辅助中药治疗可取得很好的治疗效果。     

Genetic structure of Norwegian horse breeds

The evaluation of the genetic structure of four native Norwegian horse breeds was investigated using 35 genetic markers including nine biochemical loci and 26 microsatellites. The proportion of genetic variation measured as heterozygosity and the number of alleles indicated high variation in Fjord Horse and Coldblooded Trotter, but somewhat reduced variation in Døle Horse. No clear signs of bottleneck effects were found in either of the breeds, but significant inbreeding estimates in Nordland/Lyngen Horse may indicate subdivision of this breed. Significant population differentiation was detected between all breeds, also between the recently diverged Døle Horse and Coldblooded Trotter. The principal component analysis supports the close genetic relationship between these two breeds.     

Implementation of Optimum Contributions Selection in endangered local breeds: the case of the Menorca Horse population

Limiting the inbreeding rate (?F) while maximizing genetic gain for any trait of economic interest is especially important in small populations of local breeds, like the Menorca Horse. In this breed, dressage performance is important for the profitability of the breed and should be accounted in the selection criterion. The aim of this study was to assess if a breeding programme aiming at improved dressage performance is feasible in such a small breed. To perform the analysis, animals that were currently available for breeding (between 3 and 20 years) were used. Selection was based on the estimated breeding values for dressage obtained by BLUP. The pedigree and molecular coancestry between potential breeding horses was used (separately or in combination) to account for the restriction on ?F. Results show that it is possible to avoid large increases in inbreeding while obtaining acceptable levels of genetic gain (i.e. a ?F of 1% would imply a maximum loss in genetic gain of 2%). Thus, the Menorca Horse population is suitable for a management procedure which jointly optimizes the response to selection and the levels of variability and inbreeding (Optimal Contribution selection). Regarding the source of information used to calculate the relationships, molecular information would provide a greater range of solutions to increase genetic gain than using pedigree coancestry (gain was 1–4% higher for the same levels of restriction on the increase in inbreeding).     

Meat quality and intramuscular fatty acid composition of Catria Horse

In order to extend scientific knowledge on autochthonous Italian equine meat, the physical–chemical parameters of Catria Horse Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle and its nutritional characteristics have been investigated. Ten steaks of Catria foal raised at pasture and fattened indoors for 2 months were dissected, and LT muscle was analyzed for chemical composition, total iron, drip loss, colorimetric characteristics, intramuscular fat, fatty acid profile and nutritional indexes. Steak dissection showed that LT muscle accounted for 36.78% and fat accounted for 9.19% of weight of steak. Regarding chemical composition, protein and fat content was 20.31% and 2.83%, respectively. Total iron content (1.95 mg/100 g) was lower than data reported in the literature. Color parameters showed a luminous and intense red hue muscle. The sum of unsaturated fatty acid composition (50.3%) was higher than the sum of saturated fatty acids (46.64 %). The fatty acid profile and nutritional values of Catria Horse meat could be modified adopting extensive rearing systems and grazing. The data suggests that further investigation on the composition of Catria Horse meat should be carried out to valorize this autochthonous breed, reared in sustainable livestock systems, and its meat in local short‐chain systems.     

德保矮马与哈萨克马 KIT 基因多态性分析

 马毛色是品种鉴定和个体识别的重要依据。马 KIT 基因位于3号染色体,KIT 基因突变影响马毛色及毛色的分布。对德保矮马和哈萨克马69个个体的 KIT 基因21个外显子及部分内含子直接测序,共发现了5个SNPs,其中1个位于5'-UTR区（g.91214T>G）,1个位于内含子20 （g.171356C>G）,另外3个分别位于外显子15、20和21(g.164297C>T;g.170189C>T;g.171471G>A,p.Ala960Thr)。用PCR-RFLP方法对69个个体进行分型,发现外显子15有3种基因型TT、CT、CC;外显子20有3种基因型TT、CT、CC;外显子21有2种基因型GG与GA,且均为野生型占优势。德保矮马 KIT 基因多态性比哈萨克马更丰富。     

A multicenter, matched case-control study of risk factors for equine laminitis

Risk factors for equine laminitis were examined in a prospective case-control study of the 258 cases seen at six collaborating veterinary teaching hospitals over a 32-month period. Case-control pairs were matched on institution, clinician, and season of diagnosis. The 90% of case-control pairs (78 acute, 155 chronic) that had complete data for age, gender, and breed were used in separate conditional logistic-regression models for acute and chronic laminitis. There was an increase in risk for horses with acute laminitis from 5 to 7 years of age (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3–16) and from 13 to 31 years of age (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.3–12) (both compared to <5 years); risk was increased for chronic laminitis from 10 to 14 years (OR 3, 95% CI 1.4–6.8) and from 15 to 38 years (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–6.1) (both compared to <6 years). Mares — but not stallions — were more likely than geldings to develop acute laminitis (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.2) and chronic laminitis (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.6). In the small acute-laminitis data set, the breed variable was collapsed into three categories: Thoroughbred (THB, reference), the Quarter Horse (QH), and other (non-QH-THB). The non-QH-THB group was at increased risk of acute laminitis (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2–11.8). For the seven breed-group categories used in the chronic-laminitis model, however, all non-THB breed groups appeared significantly at risk as compared to the THB, with odds ratios ranging from 3.3 (95% CI 1.3–8.30) for the QH to 9.1 (95% CI 2.1–39.3) for ponies.     

Evaluation of age, breed, and gender as risk factors for umbilical hernia in horses of a hospital population

Age, breed, and gender distributions of 168 horses with umbilical hernia treated at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine were analyzed to determine risk factors for this disease. For the 3 breeds that constituted the largest proportion of hospital and case populations, Thoroughbred, Standardbred, and Quarter Horse, the overall ratio of females to males was 1.63. In a hospital population of the same age group, 0 to 48 months, the female to male ratio was 0.93. Compared with males, females were at significantly higher risk for umbilical hernia after adjustment for breed and age (odds ratio, 2.01; 99% confidence interval, 1.31 to 3.10; P = 0.00002). Of the 2 major breeds, Thoroughbreds were at greater risk than Standardbreds for umbilical hernia, after adjustment for gender and age (odds ratio, 1.80; 99% confidence interval, 1.10 to 2.95; P = 0.0020). The results provide information about a common congenital defect in horses that can be used for future genetic research.     

The prevalence of laryngeal disease in a large population of competition draft horses

OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the effect of age, height, weight, breed, sex, and specific use on the prevalence of idiopathic left laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH) in a population of draft performance horses; (2) to determine the association between tracheal mucus and laryngeal dysfunction, and the prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in a population of draft performance horses. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. ANIMALS: Draft horses competing at the 2005 Michigan Great Lakes Draft Horse Show. METHODS: Endoscopic examinations were performed on horses competing at the 2005 Michigan Great Lakes Draft Horse Show. Signalment, height, and weight were obtained from the owners and trainers. RESULTS: Belgian, Percheron, and Clydesdale horses (n=183) were studied. Prevalence of ILH was 35%. Horse height was significantly associated with the risk of ILH in Belgian and Percheron horses but not Clydesdales. There was a significantly different prevalence of ILH among the breeds such that 42% Belgians, 31% Percherons, and 17% Clydesdales were affected. Laryngeal disease was a risk factor for increased tracheal mucus. None of the horses had acute evidence of EIPH. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ILH in draft horses has increased or is higher in competition horses compared with previously studied groups. Tracheal and/or pulmonary inflammation may be more common in draft horses with ILH based on our findings that horses with ILH have more tracheal mucus than horses with normal laryngeal function. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Selection pressure for large, taller, longer-necked horses may be responsible for a seemingly increased incidence of ILH in competitive draft horses.     

Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) in Quarter Horses: A review of clinical signs,genetics and research

Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) results from a genetic mutation which affects the skin and other tissues of Quarter Horses and horses with Quarter Horse lineage. The disease HERDA has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and has become a significant concern in the Quarter Horse industry due to the high frequency of heterozygote carriers. Affected homozygous horses appear normal at birth; however, within the first 2 years of life they usually acquire loose, hyperextensible skin and wounds which result in disfiguring scars either spontaneously or from minor trauma. Some severely affected horses also develop haematomas and seromas. Consequently, most affected horses are subjected to euthanasia at an early age. No treatment options other than palliative therapy currently exist. As part of a five panel test ( http://www.aqha.com/News/News-Articles/2013/April/04292013-Genetic-Testing.aspx ) the American Quarter Horse Association presently requires DNA testing for HERDA on all breeding stallions. There are currently no restrictions on registration of horses heterozygous or homozygous for the HERDA mutation. Due to the autosomal recessive nature of the disease, Quarter Horse mares and horses of all breeds from HERDA‐associated bloodlines should also be tested.     

Influence of age and breed of equid on plasma copper and zinc concentrations

Plasma ceruloplasmin activities and plasma Cu and Zn concentrations were determined in 215 clinically normal equids of various ages and breeds. Newborn foals, regardless of breed, were hypocupremic, compared with adolescent and mature horses. The mean plasma Cu concentration of newborn Standardbred-Thoroughbred (STD-TB) foals was 2.9 mumol/L, which was about one-sixth of plasma Cu concentrations of mature horses. Newborn draft-cross foals had higher (4.6 mumol/L) plasma Cu concentrations than did newborn STD-TB foals, but plasma Cu content was only one-fifth of the dams' concentrations. Draft-cross horses, regardless of age, had plasma Cu concentrations 15% to 40% higher than did STD-TB horses. Plasma Cu concentrations of Quarter Horse yearlings were similar to those in draft-cross yearlings. Plasma ceruloplasmin activities revealed a curvilinear relationship to plasma Cu concentrations. Plasma Zn concentrations of newborn and 1-week-old STD-TB foals were 30% to 80% higher than those for yearling and mature STD-TB horses. There were no differences between draft-cross neonates and their dams in plasma Zn concentration. Plasma Zn concentrations of neonatal and mature draft-cross horses were 22% higher than those obtained for all other equids. Age and breed of equid should be a consideration in interpretations of plasma Cu and Zn concentrations in equids.