草鱼miR-462通过靶向cx32.2、slc9a3.1和tbk1调控嗜水气单胞菌感染诱导的免疫应答

为探究miR-462在嗜水气单胞菌感染草鱼肾脏细胞(Ctenopharyngodon idella kideny,CIK)后的调控机制,实验利用荧光定量技术检测了CIK细胞感染嗜水气单胞菌后miR-462表达水平的变化;运用RNAhybrid软件预测miR-462的靶基因,利用双荧光素酶报告基因系统进行确定;此外还分析了miR-462对靶基因下游基因的调控作用。结果显示,在CIK细胞感染嗜水气单胞菌的过程中,miR-462的表达发生显著变化;cx32.2、slc9a3.1和tbk1的表达先降低后升高,与miR-462的表达模式呈负相关。双荧光素酶报告系统显示,miR-462可靶向cx32.2、slc9a3.1和tbk1的3′非编码区抑制其表达,过表达miR-462可以显著抑制cx32.2、slc9a3.1和tbk1的表达。转染miR-462模拟物后,下游slc4a4a、tnfrsf5、cxcl9和cxcl11基因的表达受到抑制。研究表明,miR-462参与调控嗜水气单胞菌感染后草鱼CIK细胞中的免疫应答。cx32.2、slc9a3.1和tbk1被鉴定为miR-462的靶基因。miR-4...     

鲤Rhbdd3蛋白的抗病毒功能

Rhbdd3(Rhomboid domain-containing protein 3)蛋白在哺乳动物天然免疫中发挥了重要作用,但水生动物中rhbdd3基因的确定序列及Rhbdd3蛋白的功能均尚未见报道。为研究鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的Rhbdd3蛋白在鱼类细胞中的功能,探讨其过表达对鱼类病毒感染的影响,本研究通过PCR扩增得到了鲤rhbdd3基因的编码序列,并将其克隆至pCI-neo载体上,构建了真核表达质粒pCI-rhbdd3。pCI-rhbdd3转染鲤上皮瘤细胞EPC(epithelioma papulosum cyprinid)和鲑囊胚细胞CHSE-214(chinook salmon embryo)后利用制备的特异性抗体进行Western blot,检测Rhbdd3蛋白的表达情况,并利用CCK-8试剂检测其过表达对细胞增殖的影响。转染后分别进行鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)和传染性胰腺坏死病毒(IPNV)的感染实验,并利用间接免疫荧光、Western blot和RT-qPCR方法检测Rhbdd3过表达对SVCV和IPNV增殖的影响。结果显示,pCI-rhbdd3转染后Rhbdd3蛋白在EPC和CHSE-214细胞中得到了过表达,且Rhbdd3蛋白的过表达能显著抑制SVCV和IPNV的复制,但不影响两种细胞的正常活性。本研究为鱼类广谱抗病毒药物的开发提供了新的实验依据,也为鱼类抗病毒新品种的培育奠定了重要基础。     

黑头软口鲦上皮瘤细胞ifn-1基因的表达及抗病毒活性

为了体外表达黑头软口鲦上皮瘤细胞(EPC)I型干扰素(IFN-1),本实验通过RTPCR从EPC中扩增ifn-1基因,构建重组表达质粒pET-32a-IFN-1,并转化到感受态细胞Transetta(DE3),体外纯化后检测其抗病毒活性。结果显示,ifn-1编码区大小为552 bp,编码184个氨基酸,与草鱼干扰素1(CiIFN1)亲缘关系最近。通过SDS-PAGE分析,重组表达质粒pET-32a-IFN-1在宿主菌中可明显表达约35 ku的融合蛋白条带,且部分呈可溶性表达,进而通过亲和纯化可溶性重组IFN-1(rIFN-1),免疫新西兰大白兔获得效价较高的抗IFN-1多克隆抗体,可用于检测细胞内源性的IFN-1。定量PCR显示rIFN-1与EPC细胞孵育可以诱导抗病毒蛋白Mx1的表达,并抑制鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)引起的细胞病变(CPE)及SVCV的复制,表明rIFN-1具有抗病毒活性。     

枯草芽孢杆菌表达柱状黄杆菌lip基因口服疫苗对草鱼免疫保护效果的研究

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)是一种水产益生菌,最近也被用作口服疫苗的投递载体。本研究利用前期筛选到的柱状黄杆菌(Flavobacterium columnare)保护性抗原基因lip,与pBE2R载体连接后,以质粒的方式转入枯草芽孢杆菌WB800中,构建了重组菌株WB800 (pBE2R-lip)。聚丙酰胺电泳和免疫印迹实验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌WB800 (pBE2R-lip)能表达lip蛋白,其分子量约为32 kDa。利用枯草芽孢杆菌WB800 (pBE2R-lip)口服免疫草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)后,通过酶联免疫吸附实验,在受免草鱼血清中检测到特异性抗体效价的上升,在人工感染实验中,受免草鱼的免疫保护率为52.4%。本研究表明,利用枯草芽孢杆菌能有效表达柱状黄杆菌的lip基因,以其作为口服疫苗能引起草鱼的免疫应答并提供免疫保护效果。     

MiR-130c-5p靶向乌鳢水泡病毒g基因抑制病毒增殖

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性的非编码RNA,参与调节病毒复制、细胞增殖或凋亡以及肿瘤发生等生物反应。本研究探讨了miR-130c-5p在乌鳢水泡病毒(snakehead vesiculovirus, SHVV)感染中潜在靶基因g的靶向关系以及对病毒复制的影响。本研究以斑点叉尾鮰卵巢(Channel catfish ovary, CCO)为实验材料,通过qRT-PCR和Western blot测定SHVV不同感染时间和感染剂量条件下,病毒基因水平和蛋白水平以及miR-130c-5p变化情况。此外,将SHVV的g基因上miR-130c-5p对应的靶序列克隆到质粒pmirGLO,构建质粒pmirGLO-G用于双荧光素酶报告实验进行靶基因验证。结果显示,随着SHVV感染时间及剂量的不断增加,miR-130c-5p和g基因的表达水平都显著上调。进一步实验证明,miR-130c-5p类似物和pmirGLO-G质粒共转染可显著抑制荧光素酶活性强度,而转染miR-130c-5p抑制剂则明显上调了pmirGLO-G报告载体的荧光信号。此外,miR-130c-5p的过表达显著降低了病毒G基因的mRNA及蛋白表达,而抑制miR-130c-5p的表达则上调了g基因的mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。研究结果表明,miR-130c-5p通过靶向SHVV的g基因,引起G蛋白的降解,从而抑制SHVV的增殖。本研究结果为理解microRNA调控SHVV的致病机制提供了重要基础,为抗SHVV疫苗等药物的研发提供了理论支持。     

柱状黄杆菌胶原蛋白酶的克隆与表达

利用PCR方法从柱状黄杆菌(Flavobacterium.columnare)G4株中克隆了1个胶原蛋白酶基因(GenBank登录号EF501979).同源性比对发现该基因与柱状黄杆菌的另外1种胶原酶基因(GenBank登录号EAZ95511.1)最为相近,有84%的一致性和93%的相似性.该属的另外2种细菌,约氏黄杆菌(Flavobacterium.johnsoniae)和嗜冷黄杆菌(F.psychrophilum)都有与该胶原酶基因相似的基因,其相似性分别为92%和83%.该基因经KpnI和SalI酶切后连接到表达载体pET-32a上,转人大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plysS内进行表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳后显示重组融合蛋白在44 kD处有明显表达带,与预期分子量大小一致,且主要以不溶的包涵体形式存在,变性条件下利用His·Bind树脂成功纯化了融合蛋白,将其免疫家兔,获得兔抗柱状黄杆菌胶原蛋白酶抗体,Western blotting表明该胶原酶在柱状黄杆菌的胞内和胞外都存在.这些结果为进一步研究这种胶原蛋白酶的功能及柱状黄杆菌的致病机理奠定了基础.     

鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病毒基质蛋白的原核表达及其亚细胞定位

为了对鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病毒(viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV)基质蛋白(matrix protein, M)进行功能研究,本实验通过PCR扩增了M基因全长序列,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a(+),转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞后进行IPTG诱导表达,将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,采用间接ELISA检测抗体效价,并运用Westernblot和间接免疫荧光检测抗体特异性。结果显示,M基因全长为606bp,IPTG诱导得到的融合蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,大小约为36 kD,比预计略小。间接ELISA检测抗体效价大于1:102400,Westernblot检测显示该抗体可以特异性识别纯化的融合蛋白和VHSV感染的鲤上皮瘤(epithelioma papulosum cyprini, EPC)细胞中的M蛋白。间接免疫荧光结果显示M蛋白多抗能识别感染VHSV的EPC细胞中的M蛋白,且M蛋白主要定位于细胞质和细胞膜。本研究中M蛋白多克隆抗体的制备将有助于开展M蛋白的功能研究及疾病的免疫学诊断。     

鲤春病毒血症病毒G蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

利用PCR方法扩增鲤春病毒血症病毒糖蛋白G的部分基因序列,即全基因组序列上第3 094~4 170位的碱基,并将其克隆至表达载体pGEX-KG中,构建重组质粒SVCV-g-KG。将重组质粒转化感受态细胞BL21,经IPTG诱导后,表达了与预期大小相符的约66 kDa的融合蛋白,可溶性分析表明该蛋白主要表达在包涵体中。将纯化的融合蛋白免疫日本大耳白兔,制备多克隆抗体。酶联免疫吸附试验检测其抗体效价可达1∶256 000,间接免疫荧光试验和免疫印迹试验证明其与病毒结合活性良好,特异性高;病毒孵育试验结果表明该多克隆抗体具备中和活性,能够有效阻断鲤春病毒血症病毒对细胞的感染。     

四种鲤鱼对柱形病抗病能力的差异

采用半致死浓度法,对4种鲤(东平湖鲤、建鲤、俄罗斯鲤及德国镜鲤)对柱状黄杆菌引起的柱形病(即烂鳃病)的抗病力进行了试验研究,分别采用1×104、2×104、4×104、8×104、1.6×105 cfu/mL浓度的柱状黄杆菌G4菌株菌液浸泡攻毒1h,参考Reed-Muench法计算半致死浓度(LC50)。结果表明,东平湖鲤LC50为104.7174 cfu/mL;建鲤LC50为104.6821 cfu/mL;俄罗斯鲤LC50为104.6414cfu/mL;镜鲤LC50为104.5694 cfu/mL,表明不同品种鲤鱼对柱形病的抗病能力存在差异,四种鲤抗病力大小依次为东平湖鲤建鲤俄罗斯鲤镜鲤,其中东平湖鲤和建鲤无显著差异,二者和镜鲤的差异极显著(P0.01)。     

黑龙江鲤肌肉发育中miRNA对间隙连接蛋白基因(Cx43)的调控

鲤鱼是世界上养殖最广泛的淡水鱼类之一,其肌肉具有高蛋白、低脂肪等特点,具有重要的经济价值。前期对鲤鱼肌肉特异的微小RNA(miRNA)文库分析发现,miR-1和miR-206在鲤鱼肌肉中均高水平存在,但其对鲤鱼肌肉发育的调节作用尚不完全清楚。以黑龙江鲤为试验材料,通过生物信息学预测肌肉生长相关的间隙连接蛋白基因(Cx43)可能是miR-1和miR-206的靶基因。因此利用荧光素酶报告系统以及原位杂交等方法探究miR-1和miR-206对其的调控机制。试验结果表明,miR-1和miR-206均能下调Cx43启动子报告基因,其中miR-206作用更明显。整体原位杂交检测Cx43基因在鲤鱼胚胎期表达情况显示,鲤鱼受精6 h后Cx43基因开始表达,表达量随胚胎发育呈上升趋势,受精后24 h体节表达最高,此后逐渐降低,暗示Cx43基因在鲤鱼肌肉发育早期发挥重要作用。该研究为从分子生物学水平进行鲤鱼的遗传育种,优化黑龙江鲤品质,提高生产性能奠定基础。     

Comparison of lipopolysaccharide and protein profiles between Flavobacterium columnare strains from different genomovars

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and total protein profiles from four Flavobacterium columnare isolates were compar. These strains belonged to genetically different groups and/or presented distinct virulence properties. Flavobacterium columnare isolates ALG-00-530 and ARS-1 are highly virulent strains that belong to different genomovars while F. columnare FC-RR is an attenuated mutant used as a live vaccine against F. columnare. Strain ALG-03-063 is included in the same genomovar group as FC-RR and presents a similar genomic fingerprint. Electrophoresis of LPS showed qualitative differences among the four strains. Further analysis of LPS by immunoblotting revealed that the avirulent mutant lacks the higher molecular bands in the LPS. Total protein analysis displayed by immunoblotting showed differences between the strains analysed although common bands were present in all the isolates. FC-RR lacked two distinct common bands (34 and 33 kDa) shared by the other three isolates. Based on the difference of LPS and total protein profiles, it is possible to discriminate the attenuated mutant FC-RR from other F. columnare strains.     

The influence of salmon surface mucus on the growth of Flavobacterium columnare

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease. The presence of lesions on the gills, skin and fins of diseased fish suggests that F. columnare is able to utilize fish skin mucus as a substrate for growth and that exposure to this material would alter the expression of genes involved in the colonization of the outer surfaces of the fish. Growth, biofilm formation, extracellular protease production and changes in protein expression of F. columnare strain C#2 cultured in media supplemented with juvenile Atlantic salmon skin mucus were compared with the same media without mucus. C#2 was able to grow by using mucus as the sole nutrient source. Growth in mucus-containing media induced cells to grow as a biofilm and extracellular protease activity increased in mucus-containing cultures. SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed that expression of six extracellular proteins increased in mucus-containing media. These results demonstrate that salmon surface mucus promotes the growth of F. columnare and that exposure to mucus alters the growth characteristics of this bacterium with regard to protease production and biofilm formation. Further characterization of mucus-induced physiological changes will increase our understanding of the basis of virulence of this economically important fish pathogen.     

Identification and functional characterization of Histone‐like DNA‐binding protein in Nocardia seriolae (NsHLP) involved in cell apoptosis

Nocardia seriolae, a facultative intracellular bacterium, is the main pathogen of fish nocardiosis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the histone‐like DNA‐binding protein (HLP) gene of N. seriolae (nshlp) encoded a secreted protein and might target the mitochondria in the host cell. To further study the preliminary function of HLP in N. seriolae (NsHLP), the gene cloning, extracellular products identification, subcellular localization, overexpression and apoptosis detection assay were carried out in this study. Mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular products from N. seriolae showed that NsHLP was a secreted protein. Subcellular localization of HLP‐GFP fusion proteins mainly assembled in the nucleus, which indicated that the NsHLP was co‐located with the nucleus rather than mitochondria in fathead minnow (FHM) cells. Notably, the expression of NsHLP had changed the distribution of mitochondria into lumps in the FHM cell. In addition, apoptotic features were found in the transfected FHM cells by overexpression of NsHLP. Quantitative assays of mitochondrial membrane potential value, caspase‐3 activity and pro‐apoptotic genes mRNA (Bad, Bid and Bax) expression level demonstrated that the cell apoptosis was induced in the transfected FHM cells. All the results presented in this study provided insight on the function of NsHLP, which suggested that it may participate in the cell apoptosis regulation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of N. seriolae.     

Enhanced viability of a nervous necrosis virus-infected stable cell line over-expressing a fusion product of the zfBcl-xL and green fluorescent protein genes

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection induces host cell apoptosis by an ill-understood process. We utilized a fusion between enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and the zfBcl-x(L) gene in GL-av cells to select for zfBcl-x(L) stable cell lines and to assess the effectiveness of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-x(L) in circumventing NNV-induced cell death. Stable EGFP and EGFP-Bcl-x(L)-expressing clones were obtained at high purity within 2.5-3 months. In the latter, the EGFP-Bcl-x(L) fusion protein (approximately 58.2 kDa, as ascertained by Western blot) was predominantly targeted to mitochondria. We assayed for apoptosis in red-spotted grouper NNV Tainan no. 1 (RGNNV TN1)-infected cells with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated end labelling (TUNEL) of DNA at different virus doses. NNV infection of NNV Bcl-x(L) GL-av cell line revealed a protective effect, with a decrease in TUNEL-positive cells of 7%, 8% and 31.8% at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. In addition, RGNNV infection of the Bcl-x(L) GL-av cell line revealed a protective effect, with an enhanced viability of 3%, 40% and 73% at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. We conclude that NNV-induced apoptotic cell death can be lessened in transgenic grouper fish cells.     

草鱼miR-23a在嗜水气单胞菌感染过程中的调控机制

为探索嗜水气单胞菌感染后草鱼肾脏细胞(Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney,CIK)中miR-23a的调控机制,实验通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)测定了嗜水气单胞菌感染CIK细胞后miR-23a的表达量变化,使用RNAhybrid软件预测miR-23a的靶基因并用双萤光素酶报告基因检测系统进...     

Cloning and characterization of cDNA for carp matrix metalloproteinase 9

ABSTRACT: We have cloned a cDNA encoding the MMP-9 from a carp epidermal cell (EPC) cDNA library. The clone contains a 2025-base pair (bp) open reading frame encoding a protein of 674 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 68% and 69% identity with medaka and Japanese flounder MMP-9. The hinge domain of the carp MMP-9, like those of the other non-mammalian species, lacks a type V collagen-like region that is typical of mammalian MMP-9. Gelatin zymography and immunoblot analysis of conditioned media of EPC cells and cDNA-transfected COS-7 cells detected a 76-kDa gelatinase. The apparent molecular mass of the carp zymogen is much smaller than those of its mammalian counterparts while almost identical with that of chicken 75-kDa gelatinase B-like enzyme. Although hypo-osmotic stress induced the elevation of MMP-9 mRNA level in EPC cells, no significant change in the protein in conditioned medium was detected during hypo-osmotic stress. Northern blot analysis detected a large amount of MMP-9 mRNA in carp kidney and spleen, suggesting the high expression of MMP-9 in blood cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. The smaller amount of MMP-9 mRNA was detected in gill, heart, fin, and eye, whereas none of the mRNA was detected in the hepatopancreas, intestine, brain, muscle, and skin.     

苏丹鱼甘露糖受体的基因克隆表达和免疫特性

为了解苏丹鱼MR(Lh MR)的结构特点及其在抗感染免疫反应中的作用,本研究克隆并分析了LhMR基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测了LhMR在正常及柱状黄杆菌感染苏丹鱼组织中的表达。结果显示,LhMR开放阅读框4296 bp,编码1431个氨基酸(aa)。LhMR的氨基酸序列和分子结构与其他物种高度相似,胞外1个富含蓖麻类β型三叶草的结构域(RICIN)、1个纤连蛋白Ⅱ型结构域(FNⅡ)、8个串连的C型凝集素样结构域(CLECTs)、1个跨膜区和1个胞内区。通过qRT-PCR检测显示,LhMR在脾脏、体肾、心脏、脑、皮肤、肌肉、鳃、肝脏、后肠、前肠和中肠11种组织中均有表达,其中脾脏中表达量最高;经柱状黄杆菌感染苏丹鱼后,脾脏、肠、体肾和鳃中LhMR基因的相对表达量显著升高。通过免疫组织化学(IHC)检测发现,在脾脏、肾脏和鳃中的LhMR蛋白表达水平提高。通过苏木精-伊红染色病理组织切片表明,在体肾、肠、肝脏和鳃中均有不同程度的病变。体肾的肾小管有大量的血细胞浸润,上皮细胞发生坏死;肠壁变薄,组织大量弥散坏死;肝脏组织中有多个空泡;鳃小片肿胀、混乱、坏死和脱落。研究表明,LhMR在苏丹鱼感染柱状黄杆菌免疫反应中发挥重要作用,为苏丹鱼柱形病的防控提供新的参考。     

尼罗罗非鱼Xbp1-S基因克隆及表达分析

为了了解尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)细胞转录因子Xbp1-S(On Xbp1-S)的基因序列特征及其在无乳链球菌(Streptococcus alactolyticus)应激和在B细胞分化中的作用,应用RACE克隆技术获得的On Xbp1-S基因全长1380 bp,包括开放阅读框ORF为1155 bp,5?端非编码区(5?UTR)长127 bp,3?端非编码区(3'UTR)长98 bp。On Xbp1-S序列分析推测该基因编码384个氨基酸,分子量为41.32 k Da,理论等电点为4.36。同源性分析显示,On Xbp1-S基因与其他鱼类的聚为一支,其中,与南极鳕(Notothenia coriiceps)相似性最高。荧光定量PCR及Western-blot结果显示,On Xbp1-S在各组织中均有表达,m RNA水平上在肝脏中表达量最高,蛋白水平上在胸腺中表达量最高,而在肌肉中表达量最低。无乳链球菌应激后,On Xbp1-S基因在肝脏和脾脏中的表达趋势相似,均在应激期间出现表达量上调,在192 h出现峰值。另外,免疫组化分析发现,On Xbp1-S因子在不同分化程度B细胞亚类中的表达呈现差异,在成熟B细胞中呈现高表达,而在未成熟B细胞中几乎不表达。研究结果表明,On Xbp1-S参与尼罗罗非鱼对无乳链球菌的免疫防御,和在B细胞分化中起作用。本研究将为进一步研究On Xbp1-S因子应答病原菌侵染的机理及促进B细胞分化机制提供理论依据。