气候变化条件下木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区预测

为明确木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus Williams et Granara de Willink 1922在中国的潜在适生区,基于中国820个气象站点的气象数据和未来气候变化数据,结合木瓜秀粉蚧的生物学特性,利用CLIMEX模型对该虫在中国当前气候以及未来气候条件下的潜在适生区进行预测。结果显示,木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区主要在南方,适生区面积占全国陆地总面积的9.07%。高适生区主要包括海南省、广东省南部、广西壮族自治区南部以及福建省和云南省小部分地区。在未来气候条件下,2050年木瓜秀粉蚧的潜在适生区将进一步扩大,适生区面积所占比例将增加至15.46%,且有向北移动的趋势。表明木瓜秀粉蚧对中国南方地区的农业潜在威胁巨大,建议将该虫增补为检疫对象,并加强检疫监管和种群动态监测。     

First report of the papaya mealybug,Paracoccus marginatus (Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), in Tahiti,French Polynesia

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willing (Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), is a polyphagous pest that damages many tropical crops. It is native to Central America and spread to the Caribbean region and South America in the 1900s. Since then, it has accidentally been introduced to several islands in the Pacific region and some countries in Africa and Asia. The first record of this mealybug in Polynesia was in Hawaii, in 2004. This paper presents the first report of this pest in Tahiti (French Polynesia), where it was found in March 2017 on papaya (Carica papaya) and frangipani trees (Plumeria spp.). Its presence, which is mainly in the inhabited part of the island of Tahiti, suggests the recent introduction of the pest in French Polynesia. Several coccinellid predators have been found feeding on the mealybug in Tahiti: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Hyperaspis pantherina and Scymnus spp. None of its parasitoids have been found yet.     

The pink hibiscus mealybug,Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), a new threat to Israel's agriculture and horticulture

The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is reported in Israel for the first time. This damaging mealybug was detected in two locations in Northern Israel on various ornamental plants. Its principal parasitoids, Anagyrus kamali Moursi and Gyranusoidea indica Shafee (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), were both recovered from the collected samples. Maconellicoccus hirsutus is highly polyphagous but particularly thrives on members of the plant families Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae.     

Suitability of different mealybug species as hosts to solitary endoparasitoid,Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) ( = Aenasius bambawalei Hayat)

We investigated the suitability of six mealybug species, namely Phenacoccus solenopsis, Saccharicoccus sacchari, Paracoccus marginatus, Drosicha mangiferae, Nipaecoccus viridis and Ferrisia virgata as hosts to Aenasius arizonensis ( = Aenasius bambawalei). The study was conducted to ascertain a viable parasitic relationship between a parasitoid species and different mealybug hosts. Successful parasitization, complete development of immature stages within the host and adult emergence was observed only in P. solenopsis, whereas, other mealybug species were not found suitable as hosts by the parasitoid in both choice and no-choice tests. The development studies of A. arizonensis on P. solenopsis showed that the mean duration from oviposition to mummy formation was 6.13 days, while, from mummy formation to adult emergence, it was 5.43 and 7.05 days for male and female, respectively. The total development period from oviposition to adult emergence was 11.28 days for males and 13.13 days for females. Female adults (19.96 days) live longer as compared to male adults (7.83 days). Among different mealybug species, P. solenopsis was observed to be the only ecological and fundamental host of A. arizonensis.     

江西首次发现入侵害虫木瓜粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus

2020年9月在江西省赣州市章贡区新发现一种严重发生的粉蚧,经制作玻片标本,形态鉴定为木瓜粉蚧(Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink),后得到28S序列比较鉴定确认.该虫为国内新入侵物种在江西的首次发现,在赣州主要危害园林绿化植物和杂草,其中以木芙蓉...     

Note: The solanum mealybug,Phenacoccus solani ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), extends its distribution range in the mediterranean basin

The Solanum mealybug,Phenacoccus solani Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), is newly recorded from Israel, where it was found on the Coastal Plain and in the Arava Valley, on plants belonging to the families Amaryllidaceae, Compositae and Solanaceae. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 25, 2004.     

The biochemical correlation between the epicuticular wax of upland cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> L.) and the wax of different mealybug species

The study aimed to find the possible differences, existing between the cuticular waxes of cotton and mealybug insects, using advanced analytical studies. The biochemical composition of the leaf wax of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the cuticular wax of the different mealybug species, including Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, and Drosicha mangiferae Green were analyzed in detail by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results clearly confirmed that the cotton wax is dominated by the six-carbon alkanes, while the mealybug wax is a mixture of both the five-carbon alkanes and the six-carbon alkanes. Apart from these differences, the common hydrocarbons such as hexadecane, icosane, and heneicosane, the uncommon hydrocarbons such as ethane, cyclobutanone, decane, and cyclododecane, the species-specific compounds of mealybugs such as myristyl alcohol, quinoline, hexacosane, and pentacosane were also identified and their retention times (RT) were listed out in detail. The outcome of this study will be useful to develop pest management techniques targeting the waxy cuticle of mealybugs without obstructing the normal physiology and growth of the cotton crop.     

Susceptibility of avocado varieties to the long-tailed mealybug,Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) (Homoptera: pseudococcidae), and a survey of its host plants in Israel

The common avocado varieties grown in Israel can be graded in descending order of susceptibility to the long-tailed mealybug,Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), as follows: Hass, Nabal, Fuerte, Ettinger. The long-tailed mealybug was recorded in Israel on 36 host-plants belonging to 29 different botanical families.     

New record of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey

This short note reports the first record of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey. It was found on ornamental plants in the city center of Adana (Mediterranean region), but could be a threat to cotton production in the country.     

The cotton mealybug, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solenopsis</Emphasis> Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Israel: pest status,host plants and natural enemies

In Israel, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, an invasive scale insect, was reported for the first time in the Jordan Valley in 2008 on basil (Ocimum basilicum) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). This mealybug is highly polyphagous with economic and environmental impacts. Since then, Ph. solenopsis has spread to almost every region of Israel and developed high populations on several ornamental plants, mainly Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae) and Lantana sp. (Verbenaceae). It has become a pest in greenhouses, mainly on bell pepper, tomato, and eggplant (Solanaceae) and a serious threat in cotton fields. Fourteen species of insect natural enemies have been found in association with Ph. solenopsis in Israel the common ones were: Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hym. Encyrtidae), Cheilomenes propinqua (Mulsant), Hyperaspis vinciguerrae (Capra); H. polita Weise, Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson), Parascymnus varius Kirsch and Scymnus flagellisiphonatus (Fursch) (Col., Coccinellidae). To date, the population density of Ph. solenopsis in Israel is steeply decreasing in most regions of Israel due to the activity of A. arizonensis. An identification key to distinguish between adult females of the eight species belonging to the genus Phenacoccus in Israel is also provided.     

Molecular and morphological identification of the mealybug,Phenacoccus solani Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): first report in Egypt

During the summer and autumn of 2016, pumpkins, Cucurbita spp. (Cucurbitaceae), were observed to be infested by mealybug species. Populations were collected on various pumpkin fruits from Rosetta, a port city at the North‐Western Nile River delta, Lower Egypt. This study aimed to identify the principle mealybug species infesting the major pumpkin‐producing regions in Egypt, by molecular and morphological characterization. DNA from 15 specimens and morphological data from 22 specimens were used to confirm the identity of the mealybug species. The species present were identified as Phenacoccus solani Ferris, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, and Planococcus citri (Risso). This is the first record of Phenacoccus solani Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Egypt.     

Natural enemies of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): first report of some parasitoids in Italy

The bougainvillea mealybug, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was first detected in Sicily in 2002 at high population levels on Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (Nyctaginaceae). In 2016, during a recent monitoring activity, natural enemies of this pest were detected for the first time. This report represents the first identification of P. peruvianus parasitoids in Italy and some information on the recovered entomophagous species is provided.     

Predatory potential of eleven native Moroccan adult ladybird species on different stages of Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)

Dactylopius opuntiae is an insect pest of cactus which is currently causing severe damage to cactus crops in Morocco. It was first observed in 2014 in the Sidi Bennour region 120 km northwest of Marrakech, and has spread very quickly to destroy the prickly pear cactus crops (Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Miller) in several regions of country, causing very heavy economic losses. To control this pest, the predatory potential of eleven species of native Moroccan ladybird predators was investigated under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 2°C, 60 ± 10% RH and a 12 h light:12 h dark regime. The experiments were conducted in no‐choice feeding tests (only eggs, first instar or second instar of mealybugs were offered at one time) and free‐choice feeding tests (eggs and first and second instar larvae were offered simultaneously). In the no‐choice feeding tests, Exochomus nigripennis, Chilocorus bipustulatus and Chilocorus politus consumed the highest mean number of mealybug eggs and first instars, and the highest mean number of second instars was consumed by Hippodamia convergens. In the free‐choice feeding tests the highest mean number of mealybug eggs was eaten by Chilocorus bipustulatus and Chilocorus politus and Hippodamia convergens consumed the highest mean number of first and second instars of the mealybug.     

First record of cotton mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), from Saudi Arabia

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is recorded from Saudi Arabia for the first time. This species was collected from heavily infested Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae) from the city of At-Taif in the south-western part of the Arabian Peninsula. In addition, the mealybug Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893), previously recorded in Saudi Arabia, was found on Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) and on Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. (Sapindaceae). Slide mounts were prepared and voucher specimens were preserved at the University of Jordan Insects Museum. Further surveys should be initiated to investigate the distribution and hosts of P. solenopsis in Saudi Arabia.     

Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923 (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) on Ocimum basilicum: a new geographical record for Greece

In Greece, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923 (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was identified for the first time in June 2010 in the regions of Thessaloniki, Xanthi and Kavala (Northern Greece). This mealybug was found on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). The highest population densities were observed on basil stems rather than on the leaves. Phenacoccus madeirensis is a serious pest of horticultural crops and this is its first record on O. basilicum in Greece.     

Establishment of the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Italy

The establishment of the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Italy is reported in this paper. The different instars of the mealybug found during winter in Sicily on the aerial roots of adult date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.), suggests that D. brevipes has a strong capability to survive and continue its development even under cold temperatures. The establishment of this mealybug in Sicily could represent a serious threat for vineyards, considering the damage observed in South America to the ‘Italia’ grape variety, one of the most widely cultivated table grapes in the island. The application of control strategies should probably be considered.     

Note: five new invasive species of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Israel

Five invasive species of longhorn beetles, all known as pests and originating from different geographical areas, are recorded from Israel for the first time:Phoracantha recurva (Newman) andXystrocera globosa (Olivier) were collected in nature;Chlorophorus annularis (Fabricius),Neoplocaederus basalis (Gahan) andRhagium inquisitor (Linnaeus) were reared from imported timber. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 29, 2008.     

五种喷雾助剂对240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油防治木瓜秀粉蚧的增效作用

为探索喷雾助剂对药液物理性状的影响及防治木瓜秀粉蚧的增效作用,室内条件下研究了添加5种喷雾助剂[芦荟精油、有机硅助剂silwet408、渗透剂JFC-2、氮酮和增效醚(PBO)]对240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油表面张力、扩展直径以及最大持留量的影响,并测定了添加喷雾助剂对2种供试药剂防治木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus的增效作用。结果表明:5种助剂均能显著降低药液的表面张力、增大扩展直径并提高药液持留量;室内毒力测定结果表明,5种助剂对240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油的毒力具有不同程度的增效作用,增效比分别达5.1%～26.1%和22.7%～41.8%,其中JFC-2和PBO的增效作用较为明显。田间试验结果表明,JFC-2和PBO可提高2种供试药液对木瓜秀粉蚧的田间防效,尤其对高浓度药液的增效作用更为明显,其中JFC-2对240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂防效的增效比在10.3%～24.6%之间,增效醚对15%哒螨灵乳油防效的增效比在12.1%～28.9%之间。     

First record of the mealybug Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in Algeria

The mealybug Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded from Algeria for the first time. This pest was first detected in the summer of 2018 in private gardens in Salamandre, on the coastal side of Mostaganem City in north‐western Algeria, feeding on three ornamental plants: Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis L., Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae) and Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae). In October 2018, it was also found on Aloysia citriodora Palàu (Verbenaceae) growing near Hibiscus. The first samples collected had been attacked by hymenopteran parasitoids. Surveys of ornamental nurseries and greenhouses growing vegetables in the area indicate that, at present, P. madeirensis seems to be restricted to ornamental plants. More surveys over larger areas are needed to determine its distribution and the likely origin of its introduction to Algeria.     

First record of the Madeira mealybug,Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in Jordan

The Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Specimens were collected from heavily infested ornamental geranium plants, Pelargonium sp. (Geraniaceae), Chrysanthemum sp. (Asteroideae), Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis L. (Malvaceae), Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poellnitz (Crassulaceae) and basil, Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae). In addition, this mealybug was taken from infested leaves of cherry tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., and sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae). Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is recorded as a new host for P. madeirensis. Slide mounts were prepared, and voucher specimens were preserved at the University of Jordan Insect Museum. An urgent survey should be initiated to determine the current distribution of the pest in Jordan. Inspection of ornamental nurseries should be given priority and plant protection officials should pay particular attention to this serious pest.