Structure of the lambda complex at 2.5 A resolution: details of the repressor-operator interactions

The crystal structure of a complex containing the DNA-binding domain of lambda repressor and a lambda operator site was determined at 2.5 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 24.2 percent. The complex is stabilized by an extensive network of hydrogen bonds between the protein and the sugar-phosphate backbone. Several side chains form hydrogen bonds with sites in the major groove, and hydrophobic contacts also contribute to the specificity of binding. The overall arrangement of the complex is quite similar to that predicted from earlier modeling studies, which fit the protein dimer against linear B-form DNA. However, the cocrystal structure reveals important side chain-side chain interactions that were not predicted from the modeling or from previous genetic and biochemical studies.     

干酪乳杆菌NH-2固态发酵基质的选择及优化

[目的]对干酪乳杆菌NH-2固态发酵基质进行筛选及优化。[方法]以麸皮、米糠及豆粕为候选基质,通过基质发酵保湿性、产物活菌数与表面结构的比较,以及后续的复合基质试验,确定干酪乳杆菌NH-2最佳的固态发酵基质。[结果]麸皮与米糠以3：5的比例混合时为干酪乳杆菌NH-2最佳的固态发酵基质,在该条件下产物活菌数最高可达（85.70±2.35）×108cfu/g。[结论]干酪乳杆菌NH-2能以麸皮、米糠为基质通过固态发酵实现其高密度发酵培养。     

干酪乳杆菌作为口服疫苗递呈抗原载体的可行性

通过口服干酪乳杆菌安全性、胃液及胆汁酸耐受能力、肠道定植能力及外源基因在干酪乳杆菌中的遗传稳定性等实验,对干酪乳杆菌作为递呈疫苗抗原活菌载体的可行性进行了研究。结果表明:干酪乳杆菌符合益生菌的标准,可作为递呈疫苗抗原活菌载体。     

新疆饲料乳酸菌的多样性与系统进化分析

[目的]对新疆吐鲁番地区常用饲料样品(玉米、苜蓿、小麦)的乳酸菌资源进行初步调查及多样性分析。[方法]利用平板分离法分离3种饲料原料中的乳酸菌,再以MRS+CaCO3固体培养基进行筛选。对所分离得到的80株乳酸菌进行形态学观察、生理生化检测生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列鉴定可知8,0株乳酸菌分属于2个属,即乳杆菌属、肠球菌属;7个种,即干酪乳杆菌(lactobacillus casei)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(lactobacillus rhamnosus)、副干酪乳杆菌(lactobacillus paracasei)、肠道球菌(Entercoccus faecium)、耐久肠球菌(Entercoccus durans)、植物乳杆菌(lactobacillus plantarum)、海氏肠球菌(Entercoccus hirae)。3种饲料原料中干酪乳杆菌和肠道球菌普遍存在。除了这2种乳酸菌外,小麦中还有鼠李糖乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌。苜蓿内有植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、海氏肠球菌、耐久肠球菌。玉米内有植物乳杆菌、耐久肠球菌。[结论]新疆吐鲁番地区不同饲料中乳酸菌存在较大的多样性,干酪乳杆菌、肠道球菌等乳酸菌为饲料发酵的关键菌群,该试验结果为饲料乳酸菌资源开发及饲料乳酸菌应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

干酪乳杆菌胞外多糖的分离纯化及结构分析

[目的]分离纯化干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）胞外多糖,并对其进行初步分析。[方法]使用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换柱将干酪乳杆菌LC2W产粗多糖分级纯化,并对所得单一组分进行Sepharose CL-6B和高效液相分析。[结果]分离纯化干酪乳杆菌胞外多糖得到3个组分：G1、G2、G3,分别为粗多糖质量的21.33%、33.53%、29.67%,总回收率为84.53%。G1、G2为中性多糖,Sepha-rose CL-6B和高效液相分析表明,其都是均一组分,平均分子量分别为6.65×105、1.01×104Da。[结论]为今后更深入研究乳酸菌产胞外多糖的结构和生物活性等提供参考。     

新疆饲料乳酸菌的多样性与系统进化分析(英文)

[目的]对新疆吐鲁番地区常用饲料样品(玉米、苜蓿、小麦)的乳酸菌资源进行初步调查及多样性分析。[方法]利用平板分离法分离3种饲料原料中的乳酸菌,再以MRS+CaCO3固体培养基进行筛选。对所分离得到的80株乳酸菌进行形态学观察、生理生化检测及16SrDNA序列分析,探讨其分类学地位。[结果]从苜蓿中得到乳酸菌20株、小麦中得到乳酸菌41株、玉米中得到乳酸菌19株。经生理生化和16SrDNA基因序列鉴定可知,80株乳酸菌分属于2个属,即乳杆菌属、肠球菌属;7个种,即干酪乳杆菌(lactobacilluscasei)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(lactobacillusrhamnosus)、副干酪乳杆菌(lactobacillusparacasei)、肠道球菌(Entercoccusfaecium)、耐久肠球菌(Entercoccusdurans)、植物乳杆菌(lactobacillusplantarum)、海氏肠球菌(Entercoccushirae)。3种饲料原料中干酪乳杆菌和肠道球菌普遍存在。除了这2种乳酸菌外,小麦中还有鼠李糖乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌。苜蓿内有植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、海氏肠球菌、耐久肠球菌。玉米内有植物乳杆菌、耐久肠球菌。[结论]新疆吐鲁番地区不同饲料中乳酸菌存在较大的多样性,干酪乳杆菌、肠道球菌等乳酸菌为饲料发酵的关键菌群。     

Lactobacillus casei AST18抗真菌特性及其在酸奶保鲜中的应用

 【目的】考察来源于中国传统发酵制品中乳酸菌的抑真菌特性,研究其在酸奶贮藏中的抑制霉菌效果。【方法】高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测7株具有抗真菌效果的乳杆菌发酵液中苯乳酸（PLA）含量,研究PLA与乳杆菌发酵液抗真菌活性的相关性。选取抑菌活性最强的菌株Lactobacillus casei AST18进行抑菌特性研究。Lactobacillus casei AST18分别以2%、4%、6%、8%接种量作为辅助发酵剂添加至酸奶发酵工艺中,成品酸奶贮藏期间,监测酸奶中霉菌生长状况,检测酸奶理化指标并进行感官评定。【结果】乳杆菌发酵液中苯乳酸含量与其抑真菌直径间相关关系不显著。Lactobacillus casei AST18发酵上清液经胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理后不影响其抑菌活性,而环境pH对其抑菌活性的影响显著,热处理可使其丧失抑菌活性。Lactobacillus casei AST18以 2%添加量作为辅助发酵剂应用在酸奶中可抑制霉菌菌丝生长和孢子生成,且对酸奶产品风味、感官品质无显著影响。【结论】Lactobacillus casei AST18具有较好的抑制霉菌生长能力,应用在酸奶中具有显著的防霉保鲜效果。     

犊牛瘤胃干酪乳杆菌分离鉴定及其耐酸相关基因ffh的克隆

利用乳酸杆菌分离培养基(SL)对犊牛瘤胃内的乳酸杆菌进行分离,对分离出的乳酸杆菌进行革兰氏染色、生化反应及16S rRNA同源性分析鉴定。对分离鉴定的干酪乳杆菌提取其基因组,根据Genbank发表的干酪乳杆菌耐酸相关基因(ffh基因)设计1对引物进行PCR,利用pMD18-T载体进行克隆,构建重组质粒,进行PCR及测序鉴定,获得耐酸基因ffh,为下一步研制瘤胃微生态制剂及构建瘤胃内耐酸的乳酸分解基因工程菌奠定了基础。     

共表达ETEC K99、K88菌毛蛋白重组干酪乳杆菌的构建

将PCR扩增的K99和K88-LTB基因片段串联插入到干酪乳杆菌细胞表面表达载体pLA中,构建了重组表达载体pLA-K99-K88-LTB,将其电转化干酪乳杆菌CICC 6 105,获得了表达融合蛋白pLA-K99-K88-LTB的重组干酪乳杆菌表达系统.重组干酪乳杆菌在MRS培养基中表达后,经SDS-PAGE检测,约...     

内蒙古双峰驼乳及乳制品中乳杆菌的分离及其

本实验主要对11份双峰骆驼乳样品进行了乳酸杆菌的分离和生物学特性的研究。将分离到的16株革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶试验阴性杆菌，分别鉴定为Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei(5株)、Lactobacillus plantarum(4株)和Lactobacillus delbruekii subsp.lactis等同型发酵乳杆菌和2株异型发酵乳杆菌(AZ41-1和AZ44-1)。多数菌株为15℃生长良好，以中温性菌株占优势。脱脂乳中产酸量较低。     

干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei SY13对衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化作用

 【目的】利用一株经体外筛选具有较强抗氧化活性的干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种(Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei)SY13活菌制剂和灭活制剂研究D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠体内抗氧化能力。【方法】 采用SY13活菌制剂和灭活制剂饲喂由D-半乳糖连续皮下注射诱导的亚急性衰老模型小鼠,以各组小鼠血清和肝组织匀浆中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量为指标,全面评价其在小鼠体内的抗氧化能力。【结果】 Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei SY13活菌制剂高、中剂量组(20、10 mL•kg-1)能降低连续6周注射D-半乳糖诱发的衰老小鼠血清和肝脏组织中的MDA含量,同时提高血清和肝脏组织中GSH-Px活力以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),SOD活力变化不明显。【结论】 SY13活菌制剂能有效提高亚急性衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力,具有一定延缓衰老的作用。     

内蒙古双峰驼乳及乳制品中乳杆菌的分离及其生物学特性的研究

本实验主要对11份双峰骆驼乳样品进行了乳酸杆菌的分离和生物学特性的研究。将分离到的16株革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶试验阴性杆菌，分别鉴定为Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei(5株）、Lactobacllus plantarum(4株）和Lactobacillus delbrueki subsp.lactis等同型发酵乳杆菌和2株异型发酵乳杆菌（AZ41－1和AZ44－1）。多数菌株为15℃生长良好，以中温性菌株占优势。脱脂乳中产酸量较低。     

Stable, monomeric variants of lambda Cro obtained by insertion of a designed beta-hairpin sequence

lambda Cro is a dimeric DNA binding protein. Random mutagenesis and a selection for Cro activity have been used to identify the contacts between Cro subunits that are crucial for maintenance of a stably folded structure. To obtain equivalent contacts in a monomeric system, a Cro variant was designed and constructed in which the antiparallel beta-ribbon that forms the dimer interface was replaced by a beta-hairpin. The engineered monomer has a folded structure similar to wild type, is significantly more stable than wild type, and exhibits novel half-operator binding activity.     

The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins

A 30-amino-acid segment of C/EBP, a newly discovered enhancer binding protein, shares notable sequence similarity with a segment of the cellular Myc transforming protein. Display of these respective amino acid sequences on an idealized alpha helix revealed a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The periodic array of at least four leucines was also noted in the sequences of the Fos and Jun transforming proteins, as well as that of the yeast gene regulatory protein, GCN4. The polypeptide segments containing these periodic arrays of leucine residues are proposed to exist in an alpha-helical conformation, and the leucine side chains extending from one alpha helix interdigitate with those displayed from a similar alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. This hypothetical structure is referred to as the "leucine zipper," and it may represent a characteristic property of a new category of DNA binding proteins.     

黏红酵母对牙鲆肠黏液黏附及肠道定植规律的研究

[目的]研究黏红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)对牙鲆肠黏液的黏附能力,探讨黏红酵母在牙鲆肠道中的定植规律及对牙鲆抗病能力的影响。[方法]采用体外黏液黏附模型测定上述4株益生菌的黏液黏附能力,平板菌落计数法测定黏红酵母在肠道的数量。[结果]黏红酵母对牙鲆肠黏液黏附能力最强,其次是鼠李糖乳杆菌,纳豆芽孢杆菌黏附能力最弱。投喂含黏红酵母饲料的牙鲆肠道其酵母数量达到了103～104cfu/g内含物。鳗弧菌攻毒后,对照组牙鲆死亡率显著高于黏红酵母组。[结论]黏红酵母在牙鲆肠道具有较好定植潜能并能降低牙鲆因弧菌引起的死亡率,因此具有较好的应用前景。     

益生菌增加IPEC-J2细胞表面半乳糖在抑制RV感染中的作用

轮状病毒通过识别细胞表面糖链附着于肠上皮细胞,一些肠道内常驻菌群可以修改细胞表面糖链。以3种益生菌上清孵育猪小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2,猪轮状病毒(PRV)感染细胞。采用凝集素荧光技术测定各处理组IPEC-J2细胞表面半乳糖,检测对应轮状病毒滴度和RV含量变化。结果表明,对照组PRV TCID_(50)·0.1 mL~(-1)为10~(-7.15±0.14),干酪乳杆菌组TCID_(50)·0.1mL~(-1)为10~(-3.875±0.125),食淀粉乳杆菌PRV TCID_(50)·0.1 mL~(-1)为10~(-4.125±0.138),枯草芽孢杆菌PRV TCID_(50)·0.1 mL~(-1)为10~(-4.16±0.144)。3组益生菌上清组在RV感染48 h内,RV量显著低于未处理组。凝集素荧光标记表明,3株益生菌上清均可改变细胞表面半乳糖含量。干酪乳杆菌、食淀粉乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌上清可增加IPEC-J2细胞表面半乳糖含量,提高细胞抗RV感染能力,阻断RV黏附,保护肠道上皮细胞。     

表达猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌的构建

利用Oligo设计合成一对引物P1、P2,分别含有BamHI和XhoI酶切位点,以猪细小病毒株LJL12的DNA为模板,采用PCR技术扩增VP2基因,克隆到pMD18-TSimple载体,并进行酶切、PCR鉴定和序列测定。将VP2基因分别亚克隆到干酪乳杆菌细胞表面表达型载体pPG1和分泌型表达载体pPG2的BamHI和XhoI酶切位点,电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei393,获得阳性重组菌株。成功构建了猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的干酪乳杆菌表达系统,命名为pPG1-VP2/L.casei393和pPG2-VP2/L.casei393。     

Cloning of Porcine Lactoferrin Gene and Construction of Expression System in Recombinant Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus was selected as a bacterial carrier for expression of N-lobe of porcine lactoferrin （PLFN）. A pair of primers was designed with Oligo6.0 and used to amplify PLFN gene. It was in accordance with the characters of translational fusions from gene and expression vector plasmid. A 1 077 bp fragment of the gene from PLF was cloned from mammary gland tissue of the lactating sow on the third day by RT-PCR; the gene was connected with the vector plasmid pPG612.1 and transformed into the host strain JM109. The recombinant expression vector plasmid pPG612-PLFN was created and identified by using plasmid extraction, PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Lactobacillus casei ATCC393, Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344, Lactobacillus paracasei KLDS 1.0652 and Lactobacillus pentosus KLDS 1.0413 by electroporation, and produced the recombinant strains of pPG612-PLFN/L, casei, pPG612-PLFN/L, plantarum, pPG612-PLFN/ L. paracasei and pPG612-PLFN/L, pentosus, respectively. The results indicated that PLFN gene had inserted into the expression vectors and achieved multiple Laetobacillus expression systems. It electes the base for the expression and production of recombinant porcine lactoferrin in Lactobaeillus     

表达猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌诱导小鼠产生特异性抗体

 【目的】研究以干酪乳杆菌作为传递抗原活载体表达猪细小病毒主要免疫保护性抗原VP2蛋白的免疫特性。【方法】将构建的重组猪细小病毒（PPV）VP2基因的细胞表面表达型载体pPG-VP2电转化干酪乳杆菌L.casei 393,获得阳性重组菌pPG-VP2/L.casei 393。重组菌以2%乳糖为诱导物,在MRS培养基中进行诱导,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot及间接免疫荧光分析,目的蛋白获得表达。将重组菌及空质粒菌株分别口服接种Balb/c小鼠,收集粪便及肠黏液样品测定小鼠产生抗VP2的特异性sIgA,采集血液样品测定小鼠产生抗VP2的特异性IgG,并对获得的抗体进行PPV中和活性的测定。【结果】重组干酪乳杆菌pPG-VP2/L.casei393免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗PPV的sIgA和IgG抗体水平,其对PPV的中和效价分别为1﹕24和1﹕128。【结论】为PPV重组乳酸菌口服疫苗的研制提供了重要的物质基础。