不同采收期对‘翠冠’梨常温货架期果实色泽和质地的影响

果皮变黑和果肉软化是造成翠冠梨采后品质下降的重要原因。本文以翠冠梨为试验材料,研究了不同采收期对翠冠梨常温货架期果实色泽和质地的影响。结果表明:随着常温货架期的延长,翠冠梨果实逐渐衰老,果实L*、H*、叶绿素含量以及果实硬度、脆度和咀嚼度均逐渐降低,a*、b*和类胡萝卜素值逐渐上升,C*呈先上升后下降的趋势。较早采收能提高翠冠梨果实货架期总叶绿素含量、减少其类胡萝卜素含量的积累,提高果实色泽和质地;而过晚采收,果实成熟度较高,叶绿素含量低,类胡萝卜素含量高,货架期间果实色泽和质地品质较差。综合比较3个采收期翠冠梨常温货架期果实色泽和质地指标,盛花后105~110 d采收的翠冠梨果实常温货架期色泽和质地品质较好,为翠冠梨适宜的采收期;盛花后115 d采收的翠冠梨果实成熟度过高,不适合作为翠冠梨常温货架期贮藏果实的采收时期。     

1-MCP处理对梨常温贮藏效果的影响

以丰水、翠冠梨果实为试材,研究常温条件下1 MCP(1 甲基环丙烯)处理对果实贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:1 MCP处理可以明显延缓果实硬度的下降,维持果实较高的可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)含量,从而较好地保持果实在贮藏期间的品质和风味;1 MCP处理可以明显抑制梨病害的发生,保持较高的好果率,并可降低果实丙二醛(MDA)含量,延缓其衰老。     

1-MCP对八月红梨防褐保鲜的效应

通过测定1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理的八月红梨果实不同部位酚类物质含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脂肪氧合酶(LOX)活性和膜透性,果实常温呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率,以及果实品质和品味,研究1-MCP对八月红梨的防褐保鲜效应.结果表明:1.0 μl/L 1-MCP处理可使果实保持较高的硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)含量,明显降低果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率;1-MCP处理的果实酚类物质含量、相对电导率和LOX活性均低于对照,但PPO、POD活性均高于对照;1-MCP能完全抑制八月红梨果实黑皮病的发生,显著降低果心褐变率,推迟果实的后熟和衰老,延长贮藏和货架期.结果还表明:酚类物质含量和POD活性均为果皮大于果心、果肉;PPO活性为果皮、果心大于果肉,果心褐变时间较果皮早,褐变程度较果皮重;八月红梨组织褐变是果实衰老造成的,组织褐变与酚类物质含量呈显著正相关,与PPO活性变化无显著相关.     

1-甲基环丙烯延缓梨果实衰老的生理效应及其作用机理

介绍了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)延缓梨果实后熟衰老、延长贮藏及货架期效果的最新进展,并结合我们近年来的相关研究,探讨了1-MCP抑制乙烯合成、降低果实呼吸高峰的生理机制和分子生物学基础。     

1-MCP对猕猴桃货架期品质的影响

【目的】研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理、1-MCP处理结合出库后乙烯利催熟对猕猴桃果实货架期品质的影响,为完善1-MCP在猕猴桃果实保鲜上的应用提供依据。【方法】以"秦美"猕猴桃为试材,用1.0μL/L1-MCP密闭处理24h后进行冷藏(1-MCP处理),出库后取部分1-MCP处理猕猴桃,用750倍液的乙烯利浸果催熟(1-MCP+乙烯利处理),以未经1-MCP处理的果实为对照,测定1-MCP处理、1-MCP+乙烯利处理和对照处理猕猴桃的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和VC含量等指标。【结果】与对照相比,1-MCP处理可显著抑制货架期猕猴桃果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,有效延缓果肉硬度、可滴定酸含量及VC含量的下降,抑制可溶性固形物含量增加,保持果实的营养价值,但1-MCP处理果实在货架期间软化较慢,味道偏酸,食用品质降低。1-MCP处理结合出库后乙烯利催熟,猕猴桃果实的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、果肉硬度、可滴定酸含量、VC含量和可溶性固形物含量均介于对照和1-MCP处理果实之间,与对照相比,延长了贮藏期和货架期,与1-MCP处理相比,改善了货架期果实的风味。【结论】冷藏与1-MCP结合处理能延长猕猴桃的贮藏期,但1-MCP处理对果实货架期食用品质有不利影响,采取出库后乙烯利处理可以改善果实的食用品质。     

不同果袋对翠冠梨果实品质的影响

为了明确不同果袋对翠冠梨果实外观和内在品质的影响,本研究采用7种果袋对翠冠梨进行了生长期套袋试验。结果表明,翠冠梨经不同果袋套袋处理后,其外观品质均得到明显改善,但其果实内在品质降低,尤其是套塑膜袋果实的可溶性固形物显著降低。适宜翠冠梨套袋处理的果袋类型为双层纸袋(小林1-W)和双层纸袋(小林1-KK)。     

1-MCP处理对猕猴桃果实货架期品质的影响

研究1-MCP和1-MCP结合出库后乙烯利处理对海沃德猕猴桃果实货架期间品质的影响,结果表明,1-MCP处理显著延缓果肉硬度、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量和出汁率的下降,抑制可溶性固形物含量增加,保持果实的外观品质和营养价值。但1-MCP处理果实在货架期间软化较慢,口感下降,食用品质降低,1-MCP处理结合出库后乙烯利处理,在延长贮藏期和货架期的基础上,改善了货架期果实的食用品质。     

1-MCP处理翠冠梨采后果实适宜参数研究

以翠冠梨果实为试材,研究了1-MCP不同处理浓度、处理环境温度、处理时间和处理次数的贮藏效果.结果表明,1-MCP处理浓度对1-MCP作用效果的影响最大,1.0μl/L 1-MCP处理比较适合翠冠梨贮藏;同一使用浓度下,1-MCP重复使用可增强其延缓果实成熟衰老的效果,处理3次贮藏效果最好;处理时长和处理环境温度对1-MCP作用效果的影响不大.     

1-MCP处理对翠冠梨果实采后生理及贮藏效果的影响

采用3种不同体积分数的1-MCP处理,研究了它们在常温(20±1)℃贮藏条件下对翠冠早熟梨果实采后生理生化及贮藏效果的影响。实验结果表明:1-MCP处理显著抑制了果实硬度的下降,延缓了可溶性固形物含量的上升速度,但对可滴定酸含量并无影响;强烈抑制了呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率,推迟了高峰的到来,并明显降低了峰值;同时,1-MCP处理还有效地抑制了果胶酶活性,保持SOD活性在较高的水平,并且显著抑制了PPO活性,从而延缓了果肉的褐变程度,延长了货架期。在整个贮藏过程中发现,运用0.25μL/L体积分数处理的效果最好。     

苹果新品种——岳帅1-MCP贮藏保鲜试验

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下1-MCP处理对岳帅苹果采后贮藏品质及乙烯释放量的影响,结果表明,1.0μl/L 1-MCP处理能强烈抑制岳帅苹果果实的乙烯释放量、延迟乙烯高峰的出现时间、降低乙烯峰值,保持果实硬度,延缓果实可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,能较好保持果实的外观颜色和风味。常温下(20℃)1-MCP处理果实货架期比对照延长2~3倍。冷藏条件下(0℃)对照果实仅能贮藏120 d左右,而1-MCP处理果实贮藏期在180 d以上。     

Effects of 1-MCP on Post-Harvest Physiology of Tomato

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. 402) was used to investigate the effects of 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) treatment on ethylene production, respiration, vitamin C, chlorophyll, titratable acid,change of fruit color and rot. The results indicated that 1-MCP strongly inhibited ethylene production and respiration of tomato at very low concentration, delayed the incidence of climacteric peak of ethylene production and respiration. 1-MCP also delayed the decrease of vitamin C, chlorophyll and titratable acid during shelf life and storage significantly. Shelf and storage life of fruit treated with 1-MCP were extended at least 10 days at ambient (20 - 22℃ ) and 15 days at storage (9 - 11℃ ) temperature, respectively. Efficacy of 1-MCP on shelf and storage life was improved by increasing its concentration. After treatment of 1-MCP, rots were markedly lower than that of untreated fruit. 1-MCP treatment delayed the fruit color change.     

1-MCP处理MA贮藏对采后香梨贮藏品质的影响

以新疆库尔勒香梨(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu)为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理后MA贮藏对采后果实呼吸速率、乙烯产生、可溶性固形物(SSC)含量、硬度、果皮色调角变化的影响.结果表明:1-MCP结合MA贮藏明显降低了香梨果实的呼吸速率,显著抑制果实乙烯的产生,推迟乙烯高峰的出现;处理果实保持了较高的SSC,抑制果实硬度的下降,减缓果皮色调角的下降.在货架期,1-MCP明显抑制果皮色调角的下降,保持果实品质.     

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging on fruit quality and superficial scald in Yali pears during storage

The Yali pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) is susceptible to superficial scald during prolonged cold storage and at shelf life. This study investigated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) and modified atmosphere packaging(MAP) on changes of fruit quality and superficial scald during cold storage and at shelf life in Yali pear. Compared with MAP, the combination of MAP and 1-MCP(MAP+1-MCP) treatment reduced the carbon dioxide and ethylene content inside the packaging bag. The 1-MCP, MAP, and MAP+1-MCP treatments reduced the superficial scald index, malondialdehyde content, O_2~-· production rate and relative conductivity and inhibited the accumulation of α-farnesene and conjugated trienes in the peel. 1-MCP and MAP+1-MCP treatments maintained a higher phenolic content and enhanced the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the fruit, while reduced activities of lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase in the peel preceding the onset of superficial scald. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the MAP+1-MCP treatment is the most effective method tested for improving the quality of Yali pears during cold storage and at shelf life.     

低O2/高CO2气调结合1-MCP对‘玉露香’梨贮藏品质的影响

目的 明确低O₂/高CO₂对玉露香梨贮藏期保绿效果及品质维持的效果,为生产上延长‘玉露香’梨贮藏寿命提供理论依据与技术支撑。方法 分别将商业成熟的‘玉露香’梨进行1.0 μL·L^-1 1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）处理,1% O₂、3% CO₂气调（controlled atmosphere,CA）贮藏以及1.0 μL·L^-1 1-MCP结合1% O₂、3% CO₂气调贮藏,以普通冷藏为对照,分别于贮藏210和240 d及货架7 d时,测定果皮颜色、叶绿素含量、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸等果实外观和内在品质指标,采用气相色谱法检测果实乙醇、乙醛含量以及乙烯释放量和呼吸强度,调查并计算果柄、果心褐变指数。结果 与普通冷藏相比,1-MCP、CA以及CA+1-MCP均可使‘玉露香’梨果实外观保持较好的绿色,有效减轻果面油腻化程度,在冷藏240 d及240+7 d货架时,CA+1-MCP对果皮绿色维持及油腻化控制效果更明显。1-MCP和CA均可抑制果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的下降,CA可抑制果心和果柄褐变,但CA降低了果实抗坏血酸含量,CA+1-MCP减缓了CA对果实抗坏血酸的破坏作用。CA+1-MCP对乙醇和乙醛的抑制作用在贮藏240 d时效果更明显,且20 mg·L^-1的乙醇含量在‘玉露香’梨耐受阈值以下。CA+1-MCP和1-MCP对果实乙烯释放量具有较好的抑制效果;240 d时,CA+1-MCP和CA对果实呼吸强度的抑制效果好于1-MCP。结论 ‘玉露香’梨较耐低O₂和高CO₂,CA+1-MCP对‘玉露香’梨的保鲜效果体现在210 d以后。因此,冷藏期在210 d以内,采用1.0 μL·L^-1的1-MCP处理;而冷藏期210 d以上,则需1% O₂、3% CO₂的低O₂/高CO₂的CA结合1.0 μL·L^-1的1-MCP处理,可保持果实较好的外观和内在品质。     

Optimal storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment combinations for different marketing times of Korla Xiang pears

Maintenance of green color is the primary indicator of quality in the market evaluation of Korla Xiang pears at present and can generally be achieved through early harvesting and decreasing the storage temperature, but the fruit quality was reduced by early harvesting, and the decreasing storage temperature increased the risk of chilling injury. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal storage parameters for different storage times and to find ways to preserve the green skin color of pears. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP), combined with low temperature on quality and maintenance of the green color of Korla Xiang pears during storage. We found that 1-MCP and/or low temperature reduced the loss of green color at 20°C after being removed from cold storage. In addition, 1-MCP significantly inhibited the decline of titratable acid and ascorbic acid but had no significant effect on fruit firmness and total soluble solids. Low temperature with or without 1-MCP inhibited the release of ethylene, inhibited the decline in the stalk preservation index, inhibited the increase in decay rate and weight loss rate during storage, and inhibited the increase in the core browning index after 225 days of storage. Different storage temperatures had different effects on the quality of Korla Xiang pears. Despite inhibiting ethylene release, a storage temperature of –1.5°C increased the respiration rate. Storage at –1.5°C caused core browning early during storage due to chilling injury, whereas at 2°C core browning occurred late during storage due to senescence. In late storage, 1-MCP had no significant effect on the maintenance of Korla Xiang pear quality at 2°C. Based on these results, we determined the optimal combinations of low temperature and 1-MCP treatment to maintain pear quality while avoiding chilling injury. For different marketing times, the optimal conditions for storage until New Year's Day(a storage duration of 90 days) are 2°C or 1-MCP combined with 2°C. For storage until the Spring Festival(a storage duration of 150 days), the optimal conditions are 0°C or 1-MCP combined with 0°C, and for storage until May(a storage duration of 225 days), the best conditions are 1-MCP combined with –1.5°C.     

1-MCP对库尔勒香梨采后活性氧相关代谢的影响

[目的]研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-Methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理延缓库尔勒香梨采后衰老的机理,为香梨保鲜提供理论依据.[方法]以库尔勒香梨(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu)为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯处理对香梨果实贮藏期间活性氧代谢相关酶活性、超氧阴离子(O2·-)、丙二醛(MDA)、果皮色调角(h°)的影响.[结果]贮藏前期,1-MCP处理抑制了香梨果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,后期提高了POD的活性.整个贮藏期过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性低于对照;1-MCP处理果实丙二醛(MDA)含量低于对照果实;1-MCP处理在贮藏前期抑制超氧阴离子的产生,保持了较高的果实色调角.[结论]1-甲基环丙烯处理能够有效降低香梨活性氧产生速率,延缓果实衰老.     

Effects of 1-MCP on Ethylene Synthesis and Metabolism of Apple During Storage

Red Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh var. Red Fuji) fruits were used to study the effect of 1-MCP on ethylene biosynthesis metabolism during storage. The results showed that 1-MCP maintained the firmness and inhibited the respiration rate, LOX activity and ethylene production rate of fruits. Further study indicated that 1-MCP inhibited ACS (ACC synthase) activity from the 15th day, increased ACC accumulation,and delayed the appearance of ACO (ACC oxidase) activity peak. The increase of protein kinase activity was also inhibited by 1-MCP during fruit ethylene climacteric time.     

1-MCP对采后雪花梨衰老和品质的影响

以雪花梨果实为试材,研究了室温(25±2)℃条件下1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对果实贮藏效果的影响.结果表明:1-MCP(500,1 000,1 500 nL/L)处理降低果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放率,推迟乙烯生成高峰的出现.较高浓度的1-MCP(1 000,1 500 nL/L)处理明显保持较高的果肉硬度、可滴定酸和抗坏血酸含量及果皮叶绿素含量,延缓果肉可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的增加,但对果肉膜透性的影响不显著;1-MCP(1 000,1 500 nL/L)处理还明显减少果实腐烂和果心褐变,降低果心中酚类含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,维持果心中较高的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.这表明1-MCP处理能保持果实在常温贮藏期间较好的品质,延缓果实的衰老.     

1-MCP对贮藏期间番木瓜衰老进程的影响

研究了1-MCP处理对番木瓜贮藏期间转黄率、叶绿素含量、果肉硬度、乙烯释放量及PG和Cx活性的影响。试验结果表明,采用900 ng/L 1-MCP处理番木瓜,贮藏期间大大延缓了番木瓜果皮的转黄速率,在一定程度上延缓了番木瓜果皮叶绿素的降解,使贮藏期间番木瓜的硬度由始至终保持较高的水平,延迟了乙烯合成高峰的到来,同时抑制了PG、Cx酶活性。     

1-MCP处理对"美国8号"苹果采后生理和相关酶活性的影响

以"美国8号"苹果为试材,研究了0℃贮藏条件下1-MCP处理对采后生理及相关酶活性的影响,结果表明:1μl/L 1-MCP处理可以显著抑制贮藏期间果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放量,延缓两者跃变高峰的出现;减缓果肉硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,但对可溶性固形物含量无明显影响;同时保持贮藏后期SOD、POD、CAT的较高活性,从而降低膜脂过氧化程度,延缓果实衰老.