绿化工程施工管理及应用效果评价

从绿化工程组织设计上的施工准备、合理的进度计划、完善工程组织机构和人员配置,施工现场管理上的现场施工组织、编制施工作业计划、施工图及管理、施工过程中的检查和监督、施工调度,工程项目成本管理上的加强成本管理、完善企业成本管理制度、工程预决算,绿化工程施工质量管理上的材料质量控制、制定科学的施工方法、施工工序的质量控制4个方面阐述了加强和完善绿化工程管理的相关措施,并结合案例对绿化工程施工管理措施的应用效果作出了分析与评价。     

连续梁线性监控测量技术

连续梁线性监控测量是连续梁悬臂施工中的关键环节。本桥所有梁段均采用悬臂现浇施工,悬臂浇筑施工的工序和阶段较多。因此,为了确保施工过程中现浇悬臂的稳定,桥梁成桥后线形及受力符合通车标准,在施工各个环节必须进行测量监控和调整。该桥在测量控制过程中,针对该桥为曲线桥的特点,对测量监控方法进行了优化,为挂篮施工带来了简单可行的实施方案,为以后挂篮施工线性监控测量提供了一定的参考价值。     

连续钢构桥悬臂施工与控制技术

为了使连续钢构桥悬臂施工法在施工过程中应用更加完善,在连续钢构桥使用特点和存在问题的基础上,介绍了连续钢构桥的主要施工环节,在施工过程中要对结构线形、结构稳定性以及结构应力进行严格的控制,以保证桥梁结构施工的正常运行。     

浅谈建筑工程绿化施工管理

作者对建筑工程绿化施工问题进行了分析,并提出如何做好建筑工程绿化如何施工,对承建绿化施工的建筑企业有一定指导意义。     

高速公路边坡绿化技术的探讨

在大量实践、试验的基础上 ,通过对绿化材料生长立地条件的分析 ,总结了高速公路边坡绿化施工时期的选择、草种的选定与施工方法的确定。并对绿化存在的主要问题进行探讨。     

市政道路绿化施工分析

随着社会文明水平的逐渐提高,对城市自然景观的重视程度越来越高,在建设市政道路的时候,也开始重视绿化施工,并且成为了市政道路建设中非常重要的组成环节。本文主要对市政道路绿化施工原则进行分析,提出绿化施工中需要注意的问题,结合实际情况,阐述市政道路绿化的未来发展趋势,保证市政道路建设的多样化、稳定化、生态化的景观效果。     

试议伸缩缝施工技术在公路桥梁中的运用

在进行公路桥梁的施工设计中采用伸缩缝施工设计技术,可以为公路桥梁预留出一道可变的伸缩缝,从而增强其应对天气或者外界因素发生变化时桥体结构改变所带来的影响。该技术的合理运用有效的保护了桥梁,使桥梁的使用价值得以有效发挥。     

高速公路边坡绿化的技术探讨

边坡的绿化是高速公路施工建设中的重要一环。本文主要对高速公路边坡绿化的立地条件、树种选择、施工措施等方面进行探讨,因地制宜,选择合适的立地环境和树种,以期提高高速公路的绿化水准,且能保持水土,维护当地的生态环境。     

E、F匝道桥及太湖特大桥拼宽桥水中施工平台施工方案

本文作者根据自身多年的施工经验,通过对工程概况进行分析,提出了E、F匝道桥及太湖特大桥拼宽桥水中施工平台施工方案,以供同行参考。     

Dr.BridgeV 3.0仿真模拟斜拉桥构件探究

本文依托某市某平转施工斜拉桥的施工监控项目。通过埋设应力计,对本桥进行了长期持续的监控与测量,得出了本桥应力的实测值。使用专业桥梁有限元软件Dr.Bridge V3.0依据设计图纸对本桥进行仿真模拟,经过计算得到本桥的理论值。经对比发现本桥的应力实测值与理论值较为吻合,可以通过模型模拟来较为真实的反应平转施工斜拉桥在实际施工中的受力状态。由于本桥是满堂支架施工,实测下缘应力在某一施工阶段出现了拉应力,表明实际施工主梁底缘与支架间出现了局部受力,而这点很难再仿真分析中表现出来,所以需要加强实际施工中的应力监控。     

Morphometric studies of the proximal tubules of the rat kidney considering the effect of the method of killing]

120 male rats belonging to two different strains (Han: WIST, Han: SPRD) and two different weight groups (group I: lighter body weight, group II heavier body weight) were killed on three different methods (decapitation, Nembutal -overdose greater than 250 mg/kg b.w. i.p. less than, exsanguination in Nembutal -anaesthesia greater than 100 mg/kg b.w. i.p.). Subsequently, changes in tubuli contorti I of the left kidneys were examined morphometrically. The mean total area, luminal area and epithelial area were evaluated as well as the mean diameter of the tubular nuclei. Concerning the areas of the proximal tubules only the luminal areas show differences between the Wistar and the Sprague-Dawley strain. The total, luminal and epithelial area in the rats belonging to the weight group II were significantly larger than in the rats belonging to weight group I. With one exception this could be noticed within both strains and all three modes of killing. In both strains and weight groups the rats were killed by Nembutal -overdose or exsanguination showed significantly smaller total, luminal and epithelial areas than the rats that were decapitated. Possible cause heretofore are discussed. Differences between the tubular areas of the rats that were killed by Nembutal -overdose and those that were killed by exsanguination after Nembutal -anaesthesia could not be established. The measurements of nuclei diameters in the proximal tubules did not lead to clearly different results between both strains, weight groups and the various modes of killing.     

Evaluation of the results of the ELISA reaction in the serologic diagnosis of bovine leukosis

Blood serum samples collected from two cattle herds were examined by the immunodiffusion test (ID), pseudotype neutralization test (PsNT) and ELISA procedure for the presence of antibodies to the bovine leukosis virus. The spectrophotometric readings of the ELISA procedure were evaluated on the basis of the arithmetical mean (means) and standard deviation (Sd) of the values obtained in negative controls. The examination of 208 samples of serums taken in the negative herd confirmed in all cases a negative reaction in the ID and PsNT tests. In all samples the ELISA reaction values remained within the range delimited by the relation of means + 3 Sd, which was defined as the threshold value of positive reaction. Out of the 223 serum samples of the positive herd, 132 samples were within the range below means and five of them were leukosis-positive in PsNT. Twenty-nine samples were within the range of means to means + 3 Sd; five of them were found positive in PsNT and three in the ID test. Sixty-two samples were above the threshold value of positivity; of these, positivity was confirmed in 58 cases by PsNT and in 55 cases by ID. As the results suggest, the ELISA procedure is suitable for the detection of animals positively reacting to bovine leukosis, to which special attention should be paid.     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Effects of the rearing system on the quality traits of the carcass, meat and fat of the Chato Murciano pig

To evaluate the performance of the Spanish autochthonous pig breed Chato Murciano under different rearing conditions, a total of 30 castrated male pigs were used. Eighteen pigs were reared in an outdoor system, and sent to slaughter with an average age of 210 days and live weight (LW) of 124.41 kg; and 12 pigs were reared in an indoor system, and slaughtered with 119.58 kg of LW and 236 days old. The pigs reared outdoors showed a better growing rate and final live weight in relation to age, as well as higher hot and cold carcass yields, and superior weights for the most valuable meat cuts, but their morphometric parameters were similar to those of the pigs reared indoors. The rearing system did not affect many of the meat quality traits (intramuscular fat (IMF) content, pH, color, tenderness and cooking loss), but drip losses were higher in the outdoor group. The levels of IMF found in this study in both rearing systems (2.65–3.19%) were notably lower than those from previous studies, probably due to differences in the diet used. The rearing system affected the mineral and fatty acid (FA) composition. The distribution of fatty acids in both groups, with a low Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) content, can be expected to produce good quality processed products.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the ligamentous structures of the occipitoatlantoaxial region in the dog

Our objectives were to establish a magnetic resonance (MR) protocol for the examination of, and then describe, the normal ligaments and the supporting structures of the occipitoatlantoaxial region. This was done in 10 cadaver dogs. In addition, MR images of three patients with cervical pain localized to the occipitoatlantoaxial region are included to provide examples of ligamentous abnormalities. All ligaments were hypointense in all pulse sequences. The apical, dorsal atlantoaxial, and dorsal longitudinal vertebral ligaments were seen best in the sagittal T1W and PD-weighted images. The transverse ligament was best visualized in the transverse plane in all pulse sequences and appeared to be confluent with the dorsal longitudinal vertebral ligament dorsal to the dens in the sagittal plane. A 20° dorsal plane reconstructed image in 0.6-mm slice thickness was necessary to visualize the alar ligaments, which were visible in 9/10 dogs. The dorsal longitudinal vertebral ligament appeared continuous with the apical ligament and tectorial membrane. Abnormalities in clinically affected dogs included thickening of the alar ligaments, absence of transverse ligament and elongation, and irregularity of the apical ligament.     

Further characterisation of the immune response of the koala

Sensitive enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were developed to monitor antibody (Ab) production in the koala, in response to both soluble and particulate antigens (Ag). When compared with a eutherian mammal, the rabbit, both the dynamics and kinetics of Ab production in the koala were found to be severely retarded. In vitro, Ag specific lymphocyte proliferative responses were demonstrated for the first time in this animal by sensitising koalas in vivo with Bacillus Calmet-Guerin (BCG), with the level and timing of this cell mediated immune (CMI) response comparable with those seen in non-metatherian mammals. Levels of circulating B lymphocytes were examined in an attempt to clarify the retarded humoral responses to foreign Ags. In addition, peripheral mononuclear cells (PMC) from koalas, were examined for their reactivity to a range of monoclonal Abs and lectins in an attempt to characterise these cells further. The lectins examined, demonstrated an all or none reactivity with koala lymphocytes and were therefore considered unsuitable as markers for identifying lymphoid subsets in this animal. A monoclonal Ab directed at class II MHC Ags in the mouse, demonstrated cross reactivity with a high percentage of all koala monocytes tested. Using this Ab to probe CMI responses in vitro, it is concluded that immune interactions required for such responses in the koala parallel those seen in other mammals.     

Immunohistochemical study on the expressions of neuropeptides in the superficial and deep gland of the third eyelid of pigs

The superficial gland of the third eyelid (SGTE) and deep gland of the third eyelid (DGTE) are classified as accessory lacrimal glands. The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), substance P (SP), galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), somatostatin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the porcine SGTE and DGTE. We demonstrated the distribution patterns of VIP, DβH, SP, NPY and galanin in the nerve fibres in the SGTE and DGTE. None of somatostatin-, PACAP- and CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were found in the SGTE and DGTE. The majority of VIP- and DβH-IR nerves fibres were found near to glandular acini, tubules, secretory ducts and blood vessels in the SGTE and DGTE. VIP-IR nerve fibres were found in external connective tissue in SGTE and DGTE and only in interlobular connective tissue in the SGTE. DβH-IR nerve fibres were found in interlobular and external connective tissue in the DGTE but not in the SGTE. Single galanin-, SP- and NPY-IR nerve fibres were observed in close proximity to acini and tubules in the SGTE and DGTE. Single galanin-, SP-, NPY-IR nerve fibres were found in close proximity to the secretory ducts in the DGTE, however only SP-IR nerve fibres were found near to the secretory ducts in SGTE. In conclusion, our research aims to highlight some aspects of SGTE and DGTE innervation in pigs and may also be a source of basic knowledge for further studies.     

Effects of Sodium Fluoride on the Morphological Structure of the Epididymis and the Expression of Tight Junction Genes

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fluoride on epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expression of tight junction genes.60 healthy male mice were divided into four groups randomly, including control group (distilled water) and 25,50,100 mg NaF/L groups, respectively. After 60 days, the thighbones were collected and fluoride contents were determined by fluorine ion selective electrode method. Paraffin slides of right epididymis with HE stain were produced to evaluate epididymal morphological structure under light microscope. The left epididymis were collected to isolate total RNA and detect the mRNA expression of tight junction genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the fluoride contents of thighbones increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were extremely significantly higher in 50 and 100 mg/L groups than those in control group (P<0.01).NaF extremely significantly increased the thickness of cauda epididymal pipe wall in fluoride groups (P<0.01) and the Claudin-2 mRNA expressions in fluoride groups were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the ZO-1 mRNA expression in 100 mg/L group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with control group. In conclusion, excessive NaF ingestion adversely affected epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expressions of Claudin-2 and>ZO-1,which might contribute to the damage of blood-epididymal barrier.     

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of dietary proteins in cats and the influence of the canning process

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the antigen-specific immune response to dietary proteins in cats and evaluate whether there was a qualitative or quantitative difference between the responses to dietary proteins when those proteins were fed unprocessed or as part of a canned diet. ANIMALS: 14 healthy domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: Cats were fed 2 dietary proteins (soy and casein) either as unprocessed aqueous suspensions or as part of canned diets for 21 days. Serum IgG and IgA and salivary IgA were assayed by indirect ELISA, and antigen-specific proliferation of mesenteric lymph node-derived lymphocytes was determined. RESULTS: Robust serum IgG and IgA responses to dietary proteins were elicited, irrespective of the form in which they were fed. Salivary IgA responses to unprocessed proteins were not detected. However, a significant salivary IgA response to the protein isolated from the canned casein diet was observed in cats fed canned casein but not in those fed unprocessed casein. Lymphocyte proliferation to the antigens was slight, and there were no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that cats develop robust serum IgG and IgA responses to dietary proteins when fed as either aqueous suspensions or as part of canned diets. For certain proteins, there may be an increase and a qualitative difference in the immunogenicity of canned diets, compared with unprocessed proteins. Canned diets may not be ideal for management of cats with enteritis.     

Validation of the 9-11th rib cut to estimate the chemical composition of the dressed carcass and of the whole empty body of Zebu cattle

This study was conducted to validate the 9-11th rib cut to estimate the chemical composition of the carcass and of the empty body weight (EBW) of Zebu cattle. Nineteen Zebu steers with initial body weight of 266.5±32.2 kg were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning to compose the reference group; three were fed at maintenance level, and the remaining were allotted to different planes of nutrition (5.0%, 35.0% and 65.0% concentrate levels in the diets, DM basis). The 9-11th rib cuts and half of the carcasses were dissected and the weights of fat, muscle and bone tissue were recorded. The components fat, muscle and bone tissue from the 9-11th rib cut and from the half carcass were sampled and chemical analysis of fat, protein, water, ash and minerals determined. The 9-11th rib cut satisfactorily estimated the physical composition of the carcass, but not the chemical composition. The 9-11th rib cut appropriately estimated the chemical composition of the carcass in terms of protein, water, ash and macro mineral content. For the percentage of fat and Ca, an over- and underestimation of 7.84% and 13.34%, respectively, were detected. Regression equations were fitted to estimate the percentage of fat and Ca in the carcass, and that of protein, water and ash in the whole empty body.