农业土壤中的氧化亚氮排放: 为减排综述时空变化

This short review deals with soils as an important source of the greenhouse gas N2O. The production and consumption of N2O in soils mainly involve biotic processes: the anaerobic process of denitrification and the aerobic process of nitrification. The factors that significantly influence agricultural N2O emissions mainly concern the agricultural practices (N application rate, crop type, fertilizer type) and soil conditions (soil moisture, soil organic C content, soil pH and texture). Large variability of N2O fluxes is known to occur both at different spatial and temporal scales. Currently new techniques could help to improve the capture of the spatial variability. Continuous measurement systems with automatic chambers could also help to capture temporal variability and consequently to improve quantification of N2O emissions by soils. Some attempts for mitigating soil N2O emissions, either by modifying agricultural practices or by managing soil microbial functioning taking into account the origin of the soil N2O emission variability, are reviewed.     

不同含水量天然硫酸盐盐渍土中二氧化碳和氧化亚氮的排放

Soil salinization may negatively affect microbial processes related to carbon dioxide(CO_2) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. A short-term laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil electrical conductivity(EC) and moisture content on CO_2 and N_2O emissions from sulfate-based natural saline soils. Three separate 100-m long transects were established along the salinity gradient on a salt-affected agricultural field at Mooreton, North Dakota, USA. Surface soils were collected from four equally spaced sampling positions within each transect, at the depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm. In the laboratory, artificial soil cores were formed combining soils from both the depths in each transect, and incubated at 60% and 90% water-filled pore space(WFPS) at 25?C. The measured depth-weighted EC of the saturated paste extract(EC_e) across the sampling positions ranged from 0.43 to 4.65 dS m~(-1). Potential nitrogen(N) mineralization rate and CO_2 emissions decreased with increasing soil EC_e, but the relative decline in soil CO_2 emissions with increasing ECe was smaller at 60% WFPS than at 90% WFPS. At 60% WFPS, soil N_2O emissions decreased from 133 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e 0.50 dS m~(-1) to 72 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e = 4.65 dS m~(-1). In contrast, at 90% WFPS,soil N_2O emissions increased from 262 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e = 0.81 dS m~(-1) to 849 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e = 4.65 dS m~(-1), suggesting that N_2O emissions were linked to both soil ECe and moisture content. Therefore, spatial variability in soil EC_e and pattern of rainfall over the season need to be considered when up-scaling N_2O and CO_2 emissions from field to landscape scales.     

在盐水浇灌条件下堆肥对土壤性质、小麦生长以及作物营养的影响

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to test and compare the suitability of saline compost and saline irrigation water for nutrient status amendment of a slightly productive sandy clay loam soil,to study the macronutrient utilization and dry matter production of wheat(Triticum aestivum c.v.Gemmiza 7) grown in a modified soil environment and to determine the effects of compost and saline irrigation water on soil productivity.The sandy clay loam soil was treated with compost of five rates(0,24,36,48,and 60 m 3 ha-1,equivalent to 0,3,4.5,and 6 g kg-1 soil,respectively) and irrigation water of four salinity levels(0.50(tap water),4.9,6.3,and 8.7 dS m-1).The results indicated that at harvest,the electrical conductivity(EC) of the soil was significantly(P < 0.05) changed by the compost application as compared to the control.In general,the soil salinity significantly increased with increasing application rates of compost.Soluble salts,K,Cl,HCO 3,Na,Ca,and Mg,were significantly increased by the compost treatment.Soil sodium adsorption ratio(SAR) was significantly affected by the salinity levels of the irrigation water,and showed a slight response to the compost application.The soil organic carbon content was also significantly(P < 0.05) affected by application of compost,with a maximum value of 31.03 g kg-1 recorded at the compost rate of 60 m 3 ha-1 and the irrigation water salinity level of 8.7 dS m-1 and a minimum value of 12.05 g kg 1 observed in the control.The compost application produced remarkable increases in wheat shoot dry matter production.The maximum dry matter production(75.11 g pot-1) occurred with 60 m 3 ha-1 compost and normal irrigation water,with a minimum of 19.83 g pot-1 with no addition of compost and irrigation water at a salinity level of 8.70 dS m-1.Significant increases in wheat shoot contents of K,N,P,Na,and Cl were observed with addition of compost.The relatively high shoot N values may be attributed to increases in N availability in the tested soil caused by the compost application.Similarly,significant increases in the shoot contents of Na and Cl may be ascribed to the increase in soil soluble K and Cl.The increases in shoot P,N,and K contributed to the growth stimulation since P supplied by the compost was probably responsible in saline and alkaline soils where P solubility was very low.     

猪粪沼液施用对稻麦轮作系统土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响

以典型的猪粪尿发酵沼液为对象,探讨了沼液施入量和管理方式对以中国东部稻麦轮作农田系统土壤N2O排放规律和排放量的影响。研究结果表明,与化学氮肥相比,沼液施用未影响稻麦轮作系统土壤N2O排放的季节变化规律,但影响其排放量的大小。稻季100%施用沼液的处理（N100%DPS）其累积排放量为0.71kg·hm-（22008年）和1.38kg·hm-（22009年）,显著高于100%施用化肥的处理（N100%Ure）a,即0.68kg·hm-2和1.06kg·hm-2。麦季N100%DPS处理N2O的累积排放量分别为6.56kg·hm-（22008年）和5.05kg·hm-2（2009年）,与N100%Urea处理（2008年：5.89kg·hm-2;2009年：3.93kg·hm-2）无显著差异,但均显著高于稻季各处理。随着沼液替代化学肥料用量的降低,稻田N2O排放量呈降低趋势,而沼液一次性施入和分次施入对稻田N2O排放的季节动态和累积排放量均无显著影响;但沼液不同的管理方式对麦季累积N2O排放量更为复杂。稻、麦两季N100%DPS处理中N2O排放系数（f）均最大,分别达到0.3%和1.6%,但沼液分次施入和一次性施入的处理间f值均无显著差异。     

丛枝菌根真菌调控土壤氧化亚氮排放的机制

氮素是陆地生态系统初级生产力的主要限制因子,自Haber-Bosch反应以来,氮肥的生产和施用极大地提高了粮食产量.然而过量施用氮肥导致氮肥利用率低,并造成了严重的环境污染,包括氮沉降、硝态氮淋洗以及N2O排放等.微生物直接参与土壤氮素循环,固氮微生物、氨氧化和反硝化微生物分别在土壤固氮、铵态氮转化和硝态氮转化过程中起...     

由电子废物处理和回收引起的土壤污染: 特别关注中国

This short review deals with soils as an important source of the greenhouse gas N2O. The production and consumption of N2O in soils mainly involve biotic processes: the anaerobic process of denitrification and the aerobic process of nitrification. The factors that significantly influence agricultural N2O emissions mainly concern the agricultural practices (N application rate, crop type, fertilizer type) and soil conditions (soil moisture, soil organic C content, soil pH and texture). Large variability of N2O fluxes is known to occur both at different spatial and temporal scales. Currently new techniques could help to improve the capture of the spatial variability. Continuous measurement systems with automatic chambers could also help to capture temporal variability and consequently to improve quantification of N2O emissions by soils. Some attempts for mitigating soil N2O emissions, either by modifying agricultural practices or by managing soil microbial functioning taking into account the origin of the soil N2O emission variability, are reviewed.     

免耕方式下土壤温室气体排放及影响因素的研究进展

综述了免耕方式下农田土壤中3种主要温室气体(CO2、N2O和CH4)的排放情况及影响因素。分析发现,这些温室气体的排放受到诸多因子的影响,如免耕农作持续时间、土壤特性、秸秆(种类、粉碎长短和施用方式)、降水和土壤温度等等。大多数研究都认为,免耕方式下CO2和CH4的释放有所降低,N2O的释放会加强,但这种结果并不是不变的,它会随着影响因素的变化而变化,有时甚至出现相反的结果。因此,免耕方式下,温室气体的排放情况是由不同免耕地区的环境条件决定的,只有结合当地实际情况才能对温室气体的排放做出正确的评价。最后指出了目前研究的不足,并对今后的研究提出了展望。     

豆科绿肥和化肥氮对双季稻稻田氧化亚氮排放贡献的研究

研究了大田条件下施用绿肥与化肥N后 ,双季稻区稻田土壤氧化亚氮 (N2 O)的排放。结果表明 ,在早稻生长季节既施绿肥又施化肥的处理 (VN)N2 O N的排放量高达 2 75kghm- 2 ,显著高于只施绿肥不施化肥 (V0 )、只施化肥不施绿肥 (FN)或既不施绿肥也不施化肥 (F0 )的处理 (后三者在早稻生长季节N2 O N的排放量分别为 0 2 9kghm- 2 、0 3 5kghm- 2 和 0 1 8kghm- 2 ) ,也显著高于在晚稻生长季节各处理N2 O N的排放量 (VN、V0、FN和F0处理分别为 0 3 4、0 2 6、0 2 8和 0 2 3kghm- 2 )。绿肥不仅影响稻田土壤N2 O的排放量 ,还影响其排放模式。VN处理N2 O的排放主要集中早稻生长季节的中期烤田之后 ,其它处理则在整个水稻生长季节均有排放。在早稻生长季节绿肥与化肥N间还存在极显著的交互效应。     

长期定位施肥对农田土壤温室气体排放的影响

采用静态箱/气象色谱法,研究长期不同养分配施(CK,NK,NP,PK和NPK)后的农田土壤温室气体排放差异。结果表明,不同处理条件下,土壤CO2排放呈相似的变化趋势,受土壤温度和水分的共同影响,土壤CH4和N2O的时间变化在不同处理间存在差异,和温度水分的关系不明显。平均排放通量的分析表明,长期不同肥料配合施用后形成的不同肥力的土壤以及作物生长的差异是影响土壤温室气体排放的一个重要因素,土壤CO2平均排放通量顺序依次为CK相似文献   

Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid on yield-scale nitrous oxide emission in maize fields under hot climatic conditions

Nitrification inhibitors are widely used in agriculture to mitigate nitrous oxide(N₂O)emission and increase crop yield.However,no concrete information on their mitigation of N₂O emission is available under soil and environmental conditions as in Pakistan.A field experiment was established using a silt clay loam soil from Peshawar,Pakistan,to study the effect of urea applied in combination with a nitrification inhibitor,nitrapyrin(2-chloro-6-tri-chloromethyl pyridine),and/or a plant growth regulator,gibberellic acid(GA_3),on N₂O emission and the nitrogen(N)uptake efficiency of maize.The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments in four replicates:control with no N(CK),urea(200 kg N ha^-1)alone,urea in combination with nitrapyrin(700 g ha^-1),urea in combination with GA_3(60 g ha^-1),and urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3.The N₂O emission,yield,N response efficiency,and total N uptake were measured during the experimental period.The treatment with urea and nitrapyrin reduced total N₂O emission by 39%–43%and decreased yield-scaled N₂O emission by 47%–52%,relative to the treatment with urea alone.The maize plant biomass,grain yield,and total N uptake increased significantly by 23%,17%,and 15%,respectively,in the treatment with urea and nitrapyrin,relative to the treatment with urea alone,which was possibly due to N saving,lower N loss,and increased N uptake in the form of ammonium;they were further enhanced in the treatment with urea,nitrapyrin,and GA_3 by 27%,36%,and 25%,respectively,probably because of the stimulating effect of GA_3 on plant growth and development and the reduction in biotic and abiotic stresses.These results suggest that applying urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3 has the potential to mitigate N₂O emission,improve N response efficiency,and increase maize yield.     

典型旱作农田土壤氧化亚氮排放的氨氧化微生物相对贡献

氨氧化过程对氧化亚氮（N2O）排放具有重要贡献。在不同土壤类型和农田管理下,氨氧化微生物类群对N2O排放的相对贡献组成规律还缺乏系统的研究。本研究选取典型农田耕层土壤（潮土、黑土、砖红壤）,以及有机肥改良的砖红壤剖面土壤,采用选择性抑制法（乙炔和辛炔）研究氨氧化细菌（AOB）、氨氧化古菌和全程硝化菌（AOA+comammox）以及异养硝化菌对土壤硝化潜势、净硝化速率及N2O排放的相对贡献。结果表明,在耕层土壤中,潮土、黑土和砖红壤的pH分别是8.0、6.7和5.7,硝化潜势分别是N 32.5、6.6和4.8 mg?kg-1?d-1,净硝化速率分别是N 7.1、3.0和0.5 mg?kg-1?d-1,7天N2O累积排放量分别是N 38.0、35.4和8.7 μg?kg-1。AOB主导耕层土壤的硝化潜势,对硝化潜势的贡献分别是82%、58%和100%。对于净硝化速率,在潮土和砖红壤中,AOB和AOA+comammox贡献相当（均在30%~40%）,而黑土中由AOB主导（72%）。AOB主导耕层土壤的N2O排放,对N2O排放的贡献分别是72%、92%和58%。在改良的砖红壤剖面土壤中,在0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm,pH分别是7.0、5.5和4.9,硝化潜势分别是N 6.6、2.0和1.1 mg?kg-1?d-1,净硝化速率分别是N 4.1、0.9和0.2 mg?kg-1?d-1,N2O排放分别是N 16.3、6.5和2.8 mg?kg-1?d-1。随土壤由深层至表层,硝化潜势、净硝化速率及N2O排放显著提高。AOA+comammox主导表层硝化潜势及净硝化速率的提高（分别贡献63%和54%）,AOB主导N2O排放的增加（贡献54%）。本研究为制定与土壤氨氧化特性及土壤性质相匹配的N2O减排措施提供了新的科学依据。     

林分类型和氮添加对亚热带森林土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响

为揭示亚热带森林土壤N₂O排放对林分类型和氮添加的响应特征,选取位于福建省三明市的中亚热带米槠次生林、杉木人工林和马尾松人工林土壤为研究对象,分别设置无氮添加(N0 mg/kg)、低氮添加(N10 mg/kg)、中氮添加(N25 mg/kg)和高氮添加(N50 mg/kg)4个氮添加水平,进行微宇宙培养试验,测定土壤N₂O排放。结果表明：与无氮添加处理相比,氮添加整体上降低3种林分土壤pH,增加土壤NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量。无氮添加处理中杉木人工林和马尾松人工林土壤N₂O累积排放量分别为9.67和9.62 mg/kg,显著高于米槠次生林土壤N₂O累积排放量6.81 mg/kg。低氮添加处理中杉木人工林和马尾松人工林土壤N₂O累积排放量显著高于米槠次生林。但在中氮和高氮添加处理中,3种林分土壤N₂O累积排放量均无显著性差异。不同氮添加处理均促进3种林分土壤N     

基于Century模型和1:500 000土壤数据库的华东旱地土壤有机碳动态模拟

Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils influence soil quality and greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Dry farmland covers more than 70% of the whole cropland area in China and plays an important role in mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this study, 4109 dry farmland soil polygons were extracted using spatial overlay analysis of the soil layer (1:500000) and the land use layer (1:500000) to support Century model simulations of SOC dynamics for dry farmland in Anhui Province, East China from 1980 to 2008. Considering two field-validation sites, the Century model performed relatively well in modeling SOC dynamics for dry farmland in the province. The simulated results showed that the area-weighted mean soil organic carbon density (SOCD) of dry farmland increased from 18.77 Mg C ha1 in 1980 to 23.99 Mg C ha1 in 2008 with an average sequestration rate of 0.18 Mg C ha1 year?1. Approximately 94.9% of the total dry farmland area sequestered carbon while 5.1% had carbon lost. Over the past 29 years, the net SOC gain in dry farmland soils of the province was 19.37 Tg, with an average sequestration rate of 0.67 Tg C year1. Augmentation of SOC was primarily due to increased consumption of nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure. Moreover, SOC dynamics were highly differentiated among dry farmland soil groups. The integration of the Century model with a fine-scale soil database approach could be conveniently utilized as a tool for the accurate simulation of SOC dynamics at the regional scale.     

水稻机械化播栽对稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响

为探明高产栽培条件下水稻机械化播栽对稻麦两熟农田稻季甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放的影响,以超级稻南粳44为材料,于2011年和2012年在麦秸还田和不还田两种条件下对机械直播、机械栽插、常规手栽3种水稻播栽方式的稻田CH4和N2O排放量和水稻产量进行了比较研究。结果表明,稻季CH4和N2O排放主要集中在水稻生育前中期,移栽至有效分蘖临界叶龄期CH4累积排放量占稻季总排放量的76.49%~91.13%,有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节N2O累积排放量占稻季总排放量的33.56%~49.41%。麦秸还田显著提高稻季CH4总排放量(P0.05)、降低N2O总排放量(P0.05),机械栽插的稻季CH4总排放量较常规手栽略减3.25%~9.50%(P0.05),机械直播显著低于机械栽插和常规手栽(P0.05):2011年,麦秸不还田条件下机械直播较机械栽插和常规手栽稻季CH4分别减排15.69%和18.43%,麦秸还田条件下分别减排14.54%和22.66%;2012年,麦秸不还田条件下机械直播较机械栽插和常规手栽稻季CH4分别减排26.63%和32.12%,麦秸还田条件下分别减排30.51%和36.75%。机械直播较常规手栽显著增加稻季N2O总排放量0.16~0.97 kg/hm2(P0.05),机械栽插和常规手栽的差异不大(P0.05)。机械直播的产量水平显著低于常规手栽(P0.05),减产8.43%~10.79%,机械栽插较常规手栽产量降低1.27%~3.49%(P0.05)。稻季的全球增温潜势主要由排放CH4产生,麦秸还田显著提高全球增温潜势(P0.05),机械直播的全球增温潜势显著小于机械栽插和常规手栽(P0.05)。麦秸还田条件下,2011年和2012年机械直播的"单位产量的全球增温潜势"较常规手栽分别减少12.02%和28.71%(P0.05)。上述研究表明,在长江下游稻麦两熟区采用机械直播有利于减少稻季CH4排放,麦秸还田条件下机械直播替代常规手栽能减少稻田排放CH4和N2O产生的综合温室效应。     

农田土壤N2O排放和减排措施的研究进展

氧化亚氮(N2O)是一种受人类活动影响的重要温室气体。农业土壤是其主要的排放源之一,土壤中硝化和反硝化作用是N2O产生的主要过程。N2O的排放受多种因素的影响,农业活动尤其是施用化学氮肥是农田N2O排放量增加的主要因素。提高氮肥利用率,使用硝化抑制剂等措施将有助于减少N2O的排放量,更有效的减排措施还有待进一步的研究与应用。     

亚硝酸盐添加对土壤硝化和反硝化基因转录活性及N2O排放的影响

设施菜田土壤氧化亚氮（N2O）脉冲式排放期间通常伴随着亚硝酸盐（NO2-）的大量积累,为揭示NO2-对设施菜田土壤N2O排放的影响机制,以两种典型蔬菜种植区土壤（碱性土壤/酸性土壤）为研究对象,通过室内培养试验,对比厌氧和好氧培养条件下添加NO2-后两种土壤无机氮转化与N2O、氮气（N2）和二氧化碳（CO2）等气体排放,以及氨氧化单加氧酶α亚基调控基因（amoA）、亚硝酸盐还原酶调控基因（nirK和 nirS,统称nir）和N2O还原酶调控基因（nosZ）的丰度和转录情况。结果显示：受pH等环境因素影响,土壤中NO2-含量并不一定与N2O排放之间存在相关性,但添加NO2-的处理显著增加了两种土壤的N2O排放量和N2O/(N2O+N2)指数（IN2O）（P<0.05）。碱性土壤中,60 mg?kg-1外源NO2-对土壤CO2排放无明显抑制作用,厌氧培养条件下nirK基因、好氧培养条件下amoA和nirS基因均出现了添加NO2-后转录拷贝数显著高于空白处理的现象,而nosZ基因无此现象。酸性土壤中,amoA转录活性整体较低,好氧空白处理时nirS基因转录拷贝数随培养时间的延长而增加（P<0.05）;60 mg?kg-1外源NO2-明显降低了酸性土壤的CO2排放量、相关基因的丰度及转录拷贝数。上述结果显示,土壤中积累的NO2-会通过诱导nir基因转录与N2O还原酶竞争电子和抑制N2O还原酶活性等途径,增加土壤的IN2O,影响有氧条件下N2O的排放途径,研究结果将为探索设施菜田土壤氮素高效利用和N2O减排提供科学依据。     

不同形态氮添加对长白山阔叶红松林土壤团聚体CO_2和N_2O排放的影响

以长白山阔叶红松林暗棕色森林土为研究对象,研究不同形态氮(N)添加对土壤不同粒级团聚体CO2和N2O排放的影响。采用室内短期培养试验(15 d),研究对照(CK)、氯化铵(NH4Cl,含N 150 mg kg-1)和硝酸钠(Na NO3,含N 150 mg kg-1)添加对全土(bulk soil)、大团聚体(250~1000μm)、微团聚体(53~250μm)、粉粒+黏粒(53μm)土壤组分CO2和N2O排放的影响。结果表明:CO2的排放量为大团聚体微团聚体全土粉粒+黏粒;NH4+-N添加对全土和各粒级团聚体的CO2排放没有显著影响;NO3--N添加对大团聚体和微团聚体的CO2排放有促进作用,并且在微团聚体中影响显著(P0.05),但对全土和粉粒+黏粒的CO2排放影响不显著。不同形态N添加对全土和各粒级团聚体N2O排放影响不同,NO3--N添加显著促进了N2O的排放,NO3--N添加后N2O排放量为全土大团聚体微团聚体粉粒+黏粒;NH4+-N的添加抑制了N2O的排放,NH4+-N添加后的土壤大团聚体、微团聚体和粉粒+黏粒的N2O排放量间无显著差异。由此可见,不同形态N添加影响土壤组分的CO2和N2O排放,且作用效果不一。     

铵态氮源和碳源对土壤N_2O、CO_2释放的影响

在田间持水量WFPS为70%、温度为20℃的条件下,通过室内静态培养方法研究铵态氮源与不同碳源结合,对华北平原典型小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤N_2O、CO_2释放的影响。其中,碳源种类分别为葡萄糖、果胶、淀粉、纤维素、木质素和秸秆。结果表明添加葡萄糖和果胶有效促进了土壤N_2O的释放,并在第1 d达到最大值,分别为4 039.85μg N_2O-N·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)和2 533.44μg N_2O-N·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);添加纤维素和只施秸秆处理降低了N_2O释放。施入碳源增加了CO_2释放,顺序为纤维素淀粉葡萄糖果胶秸秆木质素。培养结束后土壤中铵态氮几乎消耗完全,除添加葡萄糖处理外,其他施碳土壤的硝态氮含量均有所增加。在培养前3d,土壤NH~+_4和NO~-_3总含量与N_2O释放量显著相关。     

华北平原典型农田CO2和N2O排放通量及其与土壤养分动态和施肥的关系

对华北平原小麦-棉花(麦棉)、小麦-大豆(麦豆)、小麦-玉米(麦玉)轮作田的CO2和N2O排放通量进行了测定,分析了温室气体排放通量与土壤中碳、氮元素、气温以及施肥等之间的关系。主要结论:1)麦棉、麦豆、麦玉田的土壤CO2平均排放通量分别为CO2-C 141.7、109.8、128.2 mg.m-2.h-1,其中夏播作物的排放通量高于小麦季;2)麦棉、麦豆及麦玉田作物生长季的土壤N2O平均排放通量分别为N2O-N 98.8、38.9、44.7μg.m-2.h-1,也表现为麦后季作物的排放量高于小麦季;3)同一生育期中不同处理的N2O排放主要与土壤中无机氮含量相关,不同生育期的N2O排放通量主要受不同生育期的土壤温度及水分状况的影响;4)在施肥灌溉后的9 d内土壤N2O排放通量较高,之后逐渐降低,至施肥后22～27 d即与不施肥处理的排放持平。     

氮肥配施纳米碳对植烟土壤氮素转化及N2O排放的影响

采用实验室静态培养方法,通过氮肥配施不同量纳米碳来探究纳米碳对植烟土壤氮素转化以及N_2O排放的影响。试验在等氮条件下共设置5个处理:CK,硝酸铵(N 200 mg/kg,下同);NC1,硝酸铵+纳米碳(2.5 g/kg);NC2,硝酸铵+纳米碳(5 g/kg);NC3,硝酸铵+纳米碳(10 g/kg);NC4,硝酸铵+纳米碳(15 g/kg)。结果表明:NC3和NC4处理较CK处理显著降低了土壤pH(P0.05);与CK处理相比,NC1、NC2、NC3和NC4处理在培养前期增加了土壤NH_4~+-N含量,相应降低了NO_3~–-N含量;在培养结束时,与CK处理相比,添加纳米碳处理显著降低了无机氮含量,而显著增加了CO_2累积排放量(P0.05);另外,添加纳米碳处理较CK处理增加了N_2O累积排放量,但仅NC4处理与CK处理间差异显著(P0.05),N_2O累积排放量与CO_2累积排放量呈显著正相关关系(R~2=0.50,P0.001)。可见,添加纳米碳能够降低土壤pH和无机氮含量,抑制土壤硝化作用,同时还可以提高微生物活性和增加N_2O排放量。