红松无性系种子园结实规律及其影响因素研究

文章通过称重和标准地测产等方法,连续多年对清河城红松无性系种子园结实情况进行调查研究,结果表明:红松种子园结实具有一定的周期性,每隔4～6a为1个结实周期,平均为5a,在1个结实周期内,出现1个结实丰年,1～2个平年,1～2个小年,1个欠年;同时研究表明树龄、栽植密度、主枝分叉及立地条件等因素是影响种子园结实的主要因素。掌握和摸清种子园结实规律及影响结实因素,为今后提升种子园经营管理水平,提高种子产量,加快建设高产、高效红松种子园具有重要指导意义。     

清河城红松种子园高产结实无性系选择的研究

通过对清河城红松无性系种子园优树收集区内550个无性系2 196株母树连续4年进行结实情况及生长性状观测调查,结果表明:清河城红松林木种子园各无性系间结实量差异极显著;采取显现概率法选育出179、332、380、589、578、328等43个高产结实无性系,平均结实量增产114%。     

施肥对红松无性系种子园母树结实效应研究

通过在红松无性系幼龄种子园进行的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥3种肥料,每种肥料设置4个水平的施肥试验,研究分析了氮肥、磷肥和钾肥3种肥料,以及每种肥料的不同施用数量,对促进红松无性系种子园幼龄母树结实的效果,提出促进红松无性系幼龄植株结实的适宜施肥数量。     

利用灰色关联度分析红松种子园无性系结实与生长因子的关系

以红松无性系种子园各无性系结实量指标和生长指标为据,利用灰色关联度分析了结实与生长的关系。结果表明,与结实量关联度较大的3个因子依次是:胸径、侧枝粗、树高。     

红松结实性状优良无性系与个体选择

以吉林省露水河林业局宏伟种子园收集的红松全分布区的优树无性系为材料,对其结实性状进行观测与综合分析,结果表明:在628个无性系中,选择出红松结实性状特别优良的无性系11个,优良无性系51个,共计62个。为今后建设红松种子园和果林基地提供了实践依据与基因储备。     

红松种子园树木整形丰产技术的研究

近年来,东北三省营造了相当数量的红松(Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.)无性系种子园,目前普遍存在结实偏低的问题。我所于1981—1986年在草河口红松无性系种子园进行了整形修剪实验,1986—1990年分别在草河口红松无性系种子园和本溪县清河城实验林场的红松无性系种子园,对促进结实效果明显的整形修剪技术进行了中试,取得了显著的增产效果。一、试验地概况试验地设在辽宁省本溪县草河口山城沟。位于东经123°51′,北纬40°53′,海拔200     

红松种子园无性系结实与生长因子的关系

以红松无性系种子园各无性系结实量指标和生长指标为据，利用灰色关联度分析了结实与生长的关系。结果表明，与结实量关联度较大的3个因子依次是：胸径、侧枝粗、树高。由此表明，树木生长健壮，是满足结实的必要条件。     

红松种子园无性系结实量与生长因子灰色关联分析

本文以红松无性系种子园各无性系结实果指标和生长指标为据，利用灰色关联度分析了结实与生长的关系。结果表明，与结实量关联度较大的３个因子依次是：胸径〉侧枝粗〉树高。由此表明，树木生长健壮，是满足结实的必要条件。     

长白落叶松种子园无性系间,产地间结实差异研究

本文通过两个产地长白落叶松种子园无性系雌、雄球花、结实量、种子产量及播种品质等因子的定点观测，对长白落叶松种子园间、产地间的结实差异进行了研究，选择出了１７个高产无性系，为建立出世代种子园及种源选择提供了依据。     

云南松无性系种子园植株的生长发育和结实规律

通过对一平浪云南松无性系种子园的植株发育状况和结实规律的分析研究得出,嫁接树主要表型因子之间,以及这些因子与结实量之间,存在着密切的相关关系,都受控于嫁接年龄。不同嫁接年龄的植株结实量差异显著,结实量随年龄的增加而上升。初植间距小,树冠过早郁闭,降低结实量。球果的大小影响种子产量和播种品质,不同无性系的嫁接植株球果大小存在极显著差异。     

Effects of tallowtree seed coat on seed germination

We measured physiological parameters including water uptake, in-vitro embryo germination ratio, and seed coat structure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the influence of seed coat on the germination of seeds of tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (Linn) Roxb.). Tallow tree seeds had good water permeability. We found that germination of cabbage seeds was inhibited when cabbage seeds were soaked in extracted solutions from tallow tree seed coat. Seed coat structure at the side of the radicle appeared to be a barrier to seed germination. We tested methods to break tallow tree seed dormancy. Dormancy of tallow tree seeds was overcome by soaking the seeds in 500 mg·L-1 or 1000 mg·L-1 GA3, followed by 100 days of cold stratification.     

A model integrating seed source adaptation and seed use

A conceptual model that considers theperformance (adaptability) of a seed source (=anorigin) and the location or range of its deployment isdeveloped employing the Cauchy function. The modelassumes that there exists an optimal site type foreach provenance origin (genetic material), and thatloss in performance is a function of the distance (ameasure of increasing maladaptation) from the optimalsite. The model requires the estimate of threeparameters: a site requirement value that measuressite type in one dimension; a measure of optimalperformance; and a flexibility measure of the width ofseed source adaptability. The Cauchy function has aknown integral, thus the average adaptability over arange (a possible seed use zone) can be mathematicallyevaluated. The model was also extended to seed orchardcrops representing progeny of parents of variableorigins. Scots pine information in Sweden was used todemonstrate possible applications of the model.     

落叶松种子园雌雄花量和种子量调查与分析

对木兰林管局龙头山国家重点落叶松良种基地种子园的母树雌雄花量和种子数进行了调查分析。在此基础上,针对种子园的建园和种子园育种提出了建设性的建议和措施。     

Balancing seed yield and breeding value in clonal seed orchards

Seed orchards should produce seeds that are both abundant and of high genetic value. This study suggests methods to achieve such a compromise and study their efficiency. The methods were applied on data obtained from 41 seed orchard clones of Scots pine from mid-Sweden. The value of the seed orchard crop was set as a function of its breeding value, the amount of seeds produced and their gene diversity, measured as the effective number of clones. The proportion of ramets of different clones that maximized this value was regarded as the optimum for deployment of the clones in a seed orchard. The results were compared with truncation selection for breeding value, truncation selection for clone benefit (the product of seed production and breeding value) and linear deployment (where ramets are deployed linearly in relation to breeding value). The influence of two parameters was studied: the relative importance of breeding value for seed value and the size of the penalty for reducing the value of the seed crop with respect to lost gene diversity. The conventional wisdom is to select the clones with the highest breeding values, but that turned out to be the most inferior alternative studied. Clone benefit truncation provided a good approximation to optimal benefit for cases, where the effective number was low and dependence of breeding value limited.     

湿地松种子园种子高产技术

通过对无性系选择、栽植密度与经营密度管理、专用肥、抚育管理、辅助授粉、病虫害防治等方面的论述,阐明了湿地松种子园种子高产技术.     

金银忍冬种子浸提液对白菜种子萌发的影响

该文通过金银忍冬种子的不同提取液对白菜种子的发芽试验,探讨金银忍冬种子休眠及萌发率低的原因。     

Study on prediction model of seed crop ofLarix olgensis seed orchard

By taking three forecasting methods (sample trees, sample branches and climate factors prediction) the forecasting equation of seed were established through correlation analysis and regression analysis on seed crop of Qingshan and QinheLarix olgensis seed orchard. The research results showed that it gave more accurate prediction with less working load by taking pistillate numbers of four sample branches at middle layer of crown to predicate seed crop. And the short-term prediction equation of this method was established. The correlation analysis between seed crop and climate factors showed that the relative humidity May and June, annual evaporative amount, and accumulated temperature above 10°C, possess the highest effect on bud differentiation and seed crop, then the middle-term predication equation of climate factors was established.     

Vascular bundle connection between seed stalk and seed coat of Caragana arborescens

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology, transmission route of photosynthetic products in the seed stalk of Caragana arborescens Lam. at various stages after flowering and evaluate the role of the seed stalk in seed maturation using scanning electron microscopy. We found that the mature seed stalk mainly consisted of vessels,sclerenchymatous cells and parenchymatous cells. Elongated cells formed a ring at the junction between the seed stalk and seed, and a large hollow was produced by two layers of sclerenchymatous cells in the interior seed, which functions to sustain seed growth. The opening in the center of the ring was closed during an early stage of seed development, and the opening enlarged as the seed matured.There were two routes for material transport, which started from the seed stalk: one from the seed coat to the embryo,and another directly entering the embryo. Vessels, which are abundant in the seed stalk, are the pathway for absorption of nutrients by the seeds. The vessels were densely packed in the seed stalk, and secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels was characterized by net thread thickening, while the secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels within the seed was characterized by screw thread thickening. The morphological characteristics of the vessels were adaptive to its functions.     

美国桂花种子低温层积过程中种子结构的变化

美国桂花种子属于深休眠类型,在自然条件下,需要经过2a才能萌发。研究了美国桂花种子低温层积过程中种子结构的变化。结果表明:在低温层积过程中随着层积时间的延长,美国桂花种子种壳中的种孔呈现不断变大、增多的趋势,这说明在自然条件下美国桂花种壳不会阻碍种子的吸水、透气,从而抑制种子的萌发;胚乳中内含物透射观察发现,随着层积时间的延长,细胞膜逐渐解体,到后期淀粉、脂粒大量出现。这表明,在低温层积过程中胚乳中营养物质不断分解,为种子萌发生长提供所需的物质和能量。     

日本落叶松种子园大龄母树去顶修枝试验初报

以长岭岗林场日本落叶松种子园大龄母树为研究对象,开展去顶及修枝试验,结果表明:去顶修枝对促进日本落叶松母树新生枝条萌发的效果显著,不同修剪强度之间萌条数量和质量差异显著,修剪强度越大新生萌条数量和质量越好;修剪后第4、5年雌雄球花数量均很少,与对照相当或少于对照,去顶修枝对促进花芽分化作用不明显。