TOPCON GTS-211D全站仪的悬高测量精度分析

介绍了悬高测量的方法、原理,对TOPCON GTS-211D全站仪悬高测量精度及其测量结果的可靠性进行了分析,并指出在测量过程中如何正确投点以减小悬高测量误差.     

2种树高测量方法的测量精度对比分析

论述三角高程法和三维前方交会法测量树高的原理及其精度，分别给出2种测量方法的测量精度计算公式．通过20组实验数据分析2种方法的测量精度，结果表明，三角高程法比三维前方交会法的测量精度高，其中三角高程法测量精度为1．95％，三维前方交会法测量精度为4．83％，均可满足林业上对测树精度的要求．     

官地矿22608工作面贯通测量实例分析

以官地矿22608工作面贯通为例,论述了大型工作面贯通测量方案对贯通精度的影响。根据实际情况,选取合理的测量方案,提高测量导线的可靠性和精度,以满足贯通工程要求。     

提高煤矿测量精度的对策分析

煤矿测量技术对于煤矿的开挖、矿井的贯通以及对于煤炭的正常生产与保证生产工作人员的生命安全都具有重要的意义。对煤矿测量的重要意义进行阐述,对煤矿测量常用的几种测量方法进行分析,在提高测量精度方面提出几点意见,对煤矿测量中的常用方法的研究和讨论,是提高测量精度的基础,具有重要的研究价值。     

浅谈公路测量的难点与对策

本文简述公路测量的难点在于既要满足测量成果的精度要求，又要保证一定的测量速度，增设1个控制点的前提下首选全站仪后方交会法，能灵活、快速完成测量任务。     

间歇失重式胶粘剂流量测量的精度分析和改进途径的探讨

对间歇失重式胶粘剂流量测量方案的测量精度进行了理论分析。认为测量胶罐的最大毛重太大，与被测的胶粘剂瞬时流量不相适应，因而难以达到较高的测量精度。改进的途径应是大幅度降低测量胶罐的最大毛重，并应改变测量方案。     

RTK技术在道路测量中的应用

在野外测量实时测量中，RTK的精度可以达到厘米级，且具有实时性好，速度快等优点。在公路勘测和放样方面与常规测量相比具有明显优势，因此，GPS—RTK已经成为道路工程中快速采集数据与定位的有效工具。主要从GPS—RTK技术的软、硬件环境，工作模式，数据处理，技术特点及精度影响等方面，进一步讨论其在实际道路测量中的控制测量、线路勘测、中线及纵、横断面施工放样等方面的应用。     

超长尺寸检测机械式量具的设计

为保证测量超长尺寸的测量精度,提高测量效率,降低成本,研制开发了一种机械式量具.介绍了该量具的使用方法、制造工艺及实际生产中的应用效果.     

改善木材干燥测控设备精度的措施

探讨了干燥测控设备、传感器、测量电路、人员操作等对木材干燥窑内干球温度、湿球温度、木材含水率等测量精度的影响.采用软件、硬件联合的改善措施,较好地解决了影响木材干燥测量精度的某些问题,可为提高木材干燥质量、减少耗材开支、提高企业经济效益提供借鉴.     

沙漠地区GPS精度分析

介绍了GPS在沙漠地区资源调查、工程造林中地块测量的精度,选择已知地物作为测量对象,对测量误差及其精度进行分析计算,结果表明:GPS测量在沙漠地区资源调查、工程造林中林地测量精度不能完全满足林业中的应用要求,同时对GPS在实际应用中应注意的问题提出建议。     

金沙江干热河谷稀树灌草丛植被恢复方式研究

论述了金沙江干热河谷稀树灌草丛植被区自然概况,植物群落演替基本理论及封山育林(自然演替)与人工造林(人工促进恢复)2种恢复方式区基本情况。通过对比研究,结论是：封山育林自然演替3年后的稀树灌草丛,植物群落比人工促进恢复方式的复杂,生物多样性体现较好,灌木类逐渐转向耐旱、耐热、耐火、更新力强的抗逆类型发展,每获得1kg生物量的投入是人工播种方式的1／3。     

Simulation study of the vegetation structure and function in eastern Siberian larch forests using the individual-based vegetation model SEIB-DGVM

The global ecosystem model SEIB-DGVM was adapted for an eastern Siberian larch forest through incorporation of empirical rules of allometry, allocation, and phenology developed for a larch stand at the Spasskaya-pad tower site, Yakutsk, Russia. After calibration, the model reconstructed post-fire successional patterns of forest structure and carbon cycling. It also reconstructed seasonal changes in carbon, water, and energy cycling in a mature larch forest. Sensitivity analysis showed that simulated functional properties of forest (LAI, NPP, carbon pools, and water runoff) are mainly determined by climatic environment, and population dynamic parameters (i.e., parameters for establishment and mortality) plays only minor role on them. Sensitivity analysis also showed that plant productivity and biomass were mainly limited by available water at Spasskaya-pad, where mean annual precipitation is only 257 mm. In the model, higher air temperature increases plant productivity via extension of growing season, and decreases plant productivity via causing drought and higher respiration. We found that the net effect is reduction of productivity, suggesting a possibility that global warming induces decrement of plant productivity in eastern Siberian larch forests.     

盗伐、滥伐林木已被造材其立木材积测算方法

介绍了当盗伐、滥伐林木已被造林的立木材积测算方法。首选要测算包括原条材积、原木材积、锯材材积等已被造材的材积，再根据该材种的出材率换算成立木材积。     

定向结构刨花板产品市场现状与展望

详述近10年来全球范围定向结构刨花板(OSB)的生产能力、实际产量、主要用途、进出口贸易情况,分析和预测未来几年OSB的全球发展趋势,指出中国OSB的发展存在可观的潜在市场.     

Retention of native vegetation within the plantation matrix improves its conservation value for a generalist woodpecker

The suitability of plantation monocultures for the conservation of forest animals is an issue under continous debate. The adaptability of forest dwellers and the forest management regime seem to play key roles. In this study, I investigated the habitat selection of a generalist bird, the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), within a pine (Pine spp.) monoculture, as well as the importance of the native habitat features within the pine matrix for the species’ conservation. I compared 52 plots with woodpecker presence against 121 plots where the species was absent, as well as 68 nest-trees against 90 random ones. Regression analyses were used to investigate the habitat attributes involved in the habitat selection. Although the great spotted woodpecker is considered a generalist forest dweller, it shows a marked habitat selection. Based on presence/absence records, the woodpecker prefers well-forested patches with high levels of tree diversity and with good coverage of a secondary species such as the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo). To excavate their nests, woodpeckers select large trees in patches where other trees are also larger, rejecting patches with a high number of small trees. The most striking conclusion from this work is the preference shown for native trees, especially Portuguese oaks (Quercus faginea), as nest-trees. This is noteworthy because native trees are smaller and they are surrounded by smaller trees than pines. These findings support that woodpecker conservation benefits from an increase of habitat heterogeneity, particularly by the retention of native woodland patches within the plantation matrix.     

The intestinal microbiome: A separate organ inside the body with the metabolic potential to influence the bioactivity of botanicals

For many years, it was believed that the main function of the large intestine was the resorption of water and salt and the facilitated disposal of waste materials. However, this task definition was far from complete, as it did not consider the activity of the microbial content of the large intestine. Nowadays it is clear that the complex microbial ecosystem in our intestines should be considered as a separate organ within the body, with a metabolic capacity which exceeds the liver with a factor 100. The intestinal microbiome is therefore closely involved in the first-pass metabolism of dietary compounds. This is especially true for botanical supplements, which are now marketed for various health applications. Being of natural origin, their structural building blocks, such as polyphenols, are often highly recognized by the human and especially the intestinal microbial metabolism machinery. Intensive metabolism results in often low circulating levels of the original products, with the consequence that final health effects of botanicals are often related to specific active metabolites which are produced in the body rather than being related to the product's original composition. Understanding how such metabolic processes contribute to the in situ exposure is therefore crucial for the proper interpretation of biological responses. A multidisciplinary approach, characterizing the food and phytochemical intake as well as the metabolic potency of the gut microbiota, while measuring biomarkers of both exposure and response in target tissues, is therefore of critical importance. With polyphenol metabolism as example, this review describes how the incorporation of microbial metabolism as an important variable in the evaluation of the final bioactivity of botanicals strongly increases the relevance and predictive value of the outcome. Moreover, knowledge about intestinal processes may offer innovative strategies for targeted product development.     

征占用林地征收森林植被恢复费存在问题的探讨

在实施征收森林植被恢复费过程中,由于收费标准不合理、林种划分标准不统一等原因,导致征收工作中出现征占用林地之前人为改变地类、更改林种等问题,为此,提出调整收费标准、进行技术处理和行政干预等合理化建议。     

In vitro intestinal transport of oligomeric procyanidins (DP 2 to 4) across monolayers of Caco-2 cells

Extracts from hawthorn leafs and flowers (Crataegus sp., Rosaceae) are widely used as a rational based phytomedicine for declining cardiac performance. According to present literature C-glycosylated flavones and oligomeric procyanidins are considered to be the active ingredients, despite the fact that no systematic data are available on systemic bioavailability of proanthocyanidins after oral intake. The present study aims to review the actual state of literature in this field and to investigate the intestinal absorption mechanisms of defined hawthorn PAs with different degrees of polymerization by validated in vitro Caco-2 monolayer permeation system. Hawthorn OPCs with DP 2 to 6 were isolated as defined clusters. Procyanidin B2 and the procyanidin clusters DP 4, 5 and 6 had very low P(app) values between 0.6 and 6×10(-7)cm/s for apical to basolateral permeation. The higher the molecular weight the lower permeation coefficients were calculated. The observed low-level transport was mainly due to passive paracellular permeation. Additionally cellular uptake of OPCs by transcellular permeation was possible; on the other side procyanidins were shown to be p-glycoprotein substrates, which leads to subsequent excretion of PAs by the efflux pump to the apical side. Mixtures of the different OPCs did not have an increased permeation. Transport experiments of complex OPC mixtures together with hawthorn flavonoids did not indicate any improved permeation or synergistic effects. In principle this raises the question if systemic pharmacological activities of hawthorn extracts, can really be attributed to OPCs with very low systemic bioavailability.     

福安市古树名木资源调查与研究

在收集古树名木现有资料的基础上,对确定的古树名木进行每株调查,共获909株。分析了其树种、地理分布、原本用途、生长地、所有权、树种起源等因子与古树名木保存的关系,并提出了建设古树名木的保护对策。