萨福克羊与青海毛肉兼用细毛羊杂交试验

以著名肉羊品种萨福克为父本,以青海毛肉兼用细毛羊为母本,进行杂交对比试验,结果表明:试验组初生重、6月龄体重、周岁胸宽、后躯宽、体斜长、和5月龄胴体重、净肉重、肉骨比分别比对照组提高了2.57%、19.74%、9.20%、6.24%、和10.30%、45.6%、16.56%,杂交效果非常明显。     

中国美利奴多胎肉用细毛羊羊毛品质分析

对正在培育的中国美利奴多胎肉用细毛羊的羊毛品质做了综合分析.在毛丛自然长度方面，断奶公羔为4.37cm，母羔为4.43cm，周岁公羊为12.60cm，周岁母羊为11.47cm；羊毛的伸直长度周岁公羊为15.01cm.周岁母羊为14.86cm；羊毛纤维直径周岁公羊为21.67μm.周岁母羊为20.36μm；羊毛密度周岁公羊为5212根/cm^2.周岁母羊为5430根/cm^2.比2002年中国美利奴羊周岁羊相比还有较大差距；羊毛净毛率周岁公羊为64.60％.周岁母羊为65.64％。由上可知.除羊毛密度外.中国美利奴多胎肉用细毛羊总体上符合品种培育的要求.在今后的选育中要注意羊毛密度的提高。     

超细型细毛羊生化遗传标记与经济性状相关性研究

采用双垂直板高pH不连续性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳系统,对中国美利奴高山型超细型细毛羊群体的4个血液蛋白位点多态性进行检测发现:血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、血清酯酶(Es)存在多态性,血浆白蛋白(Alb)呈单态性。对存在多态性的位点与细毛羊经济性状的相关分析表明:中国美利奴高山型超细型细毛羊群体血红蛋白、血浆酯酶位点的不同表现型与体侧毛长、羊毛伸度、羊毛细度及剪毛量等存在显著相关。部分位点可为中国美利奴高山型超细品系培育的早期选种提供辅助依据。     

青海细毛羊和新疆细毛羊公羊羊毛含硫量测定

运用重量法对三角城种羊场１４只青海细毛羊公羊和８只新疆细毛羊公羊共８８个毛样的含硫量进行测定。结果表明：含硫量水平在２．４０％－３．２４％，在羊毛含量正常值２．７％－４．２％内，偏低；两品种间、各品种不同年龄间及个体不同部位间的羊毛含硫量水平均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；在羊毛的不同区段上含硫量水平具有一规律，即中段罗高，顶部软低，底段居中。     

俄罗斯细毛羊毛肉兼用型品种的选育方法及生产性能

介绍了俄罗斯 7个细毛羊毛肉兼用型品种的选育方法及生产性能。     

东北地区部分细毛羊羊毛品质检测分析

为了深入了解东北地区细毛羊的羊毛品质状况,更好地开展细毛羊品种选育与推广工作,试验进行了东北部分地区细毛羊毛样的长度、长度离散度、细度、细度离散度、净毛率、油脂含量、色度以及部分毛样的毛尖、毛中、毛根细度检测及羊毛品质分级。结果表明:所测毛样组成为细羊毛(71.97%)、半细羊毛(2.28%)、等外级(7.19%)和超细型(18.56%)4类。说明东北地区拥有符合细羊毛纺织标准的当地细毛羊品种和符合高档毛纺原料需求的超细型细毛羊种群,同时广泛分布着以毛肉兼用为主的细毛羊生产群。     

PMSG对甘肃高山细毛羊同期发情和繁殖率的影响

在甘肃省肃南县康乐乡对甘肃高山细毛羊应用阴道栓与孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG) 结合处理,结果表明,不同注射剂量和处理方式对母羊的同期发情和繁殖率均有影响,在埋栓后12.5 d注射550 IU PMSG并在放栓后14 d撤除阴道栓后的0-48 h发情率显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);在埋栓后13 d注射600 IU PMSG同时撤除阴道栓的试验组繁殖率最高(P<0.05)。但综合繁殖率和经济效益考虑,在埋栓后间隔12.5 d注射550 IU PMSG并在放栓后14 d撤除阴道栓0-48 h的试验组效果最好,平均每只母羊净收入可达773.7元。     

Effects of dietary vitamin and fatty acid content in E on muscle vitamin E Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid （FA） composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep. Methods： Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs （5 mo old） with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 （control group）, 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the Iongissimus lumborum （LL） and gluteus medius （GM） muscles. Results： Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation （P 〈 0.05）. However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA （MUFA） content in the LL and GM （P 〈 0.05）. All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 tronsl -conjugated linoleic acid （cgtl -CLA） content in the LL compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9tl 1-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.     

Effects of dietary vitamin E on muscle vitamin E and fatty acid content in Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background

Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid (FA) composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep.

Methods

Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs (5 mo old) with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the longissimus lumborum (LL) and gluteus medius (GM) muscles.

Results

Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation (P < 0.05). However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA (MUFA) content in the LL and GM (P < 0.05). All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9t11-CLA) content in the LL compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9t11-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.     

Genome-wide association studies of preweaning growth and in vivo carcass composition traits in Esme sheep

Sheep are considered as a major contributor of global food security. Moreover, sheep preweaning growth traits as well as in vivo carcass composition traits such as ultrasonic measurements of Longissimus dorsi muscle depth (UMD) and back-fat thickness (UFD) are crucially important indicators of meat yield and hot carcass composition. Despite their relative importance for productivity and profitability of a sheep production system, detected QTL for these traits are quite scarce. Therefore, we implemented GWAS for these traits using animal mixed model-based association approach provided by GenABEL in Esme sheep. Three genome-wide and 14 individual chromosome-wide associated SNPs were discovered. As a result, ESRP1, LOC105613082, ZNF641, DUSP5, TEAD1, SMOX, PTPRT, RALYL, POM121C, PHIP, LOC101106051, ZIM3, PEG3, TRPC7, FBXL4, LOC105610397, LOC105616489 and DNAAF2 were suggested as candidates. Some of the discovered genes and involved pathways were already annotated to contribute growth and development in various species including human, mice and cattle. All in all, the results of this study are expected to strongly contribute to shed a light on the underlying molecular mechanisms behind growth and carcass composition traits, with potential implications on studies aiming faster genetic improvement, targeted low-resolution SNP panel designs and genome-editing studies.     

肉牛生长性状和肉质性状全基因组关联分析的研究进展

全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association studies,GWAS)是研究家畜复杂经济性状和疾病遗传变异的有效方法,GWAS的核心是挖掘遗传变异与目标表型性状间的关系.随着牛全基因组测序工作完成,海量单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点被标记...     

凉山半细毛羊3号染色体遗传连锁框架图的构建

研究基于四川凉山半细毛羊资源参考家系,选取位于绵羊3号染色体的9个多态微卫星位点,共275个个体,构建了凉山半细毛羊3号染色体的遗传连锁框架图。结果表明:9个位点等位基因数目为3~9个,杂合度为0.404~0.766,多态信息含量为0.378~0.738。构建的3号两性平均遗传连锁框架图的总长为339.7cm,与USDA图谱位点顺序一致,图谱总长较USDA长。可在此基础上增加标记和群体样本数构建更精细的遗传连锁图,并对具有重要经济性状的基因座进行精细定位。     

日粮钙水平对空怀云南半细毛羊能量代谢的影响

本文旨在通过饲养试验和消化代谢试验,以研究日粮钙水平与空怀云南半细毛羊能量代谢间可能存在的互作。试验选取50只日龄、体重和体况相近,经产两胎空怀期云南半细毛羊,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别饲喂5个钙含量分别为0.40%、0.44%、0.53%、0.65%和0.84%的日粮。进行44d饲养试验,包括14d预饲期和30d正式试验。饲养试验开始和结束各称一次体重,消化代谢试验进行5d,每天全收粪尿。结果表明:(1)0.84%Ca组、0.65%Ca组的粪能较0.44%Ca组降低18.90%、17.17%(P<0.05);代谢损失能都降低15.66%(P<0.05)。(2)0.40%Ca组、0.53%Ca组、0.84%Ca组的摄入总能较0.44%Ca组低5.11%、3.35%、4.66%(P<0.01),较0.65%Ca组高3.58%、5.50%、4.07%(P<0.01),0.44%Ca组较0.65%Ca组高9.16%(P<0.01)。(3)尿能、甲烷能、尿能占总能的比例、甲烷能占总能的比例、尿能占消化能的比例、总能消化率和总能代谢率各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,日粮钙水平越高,粪能和代谢损失越低,而日粮钙水平对空怀云南半细毛羊的能量代谢没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。     

中国美利奴羊（新疆型）产毛性状的相关及通径分析

利用998只中国美利奴羊（新疆型）周岁资料，应用通径分析方法研究了中国美利奴羊（新疆型）羊毛长度、剪毛后体重、毛弯曲分、毛油汗分和羊毛纤维直径对产毛量的影响程度，结果表明：这5个性状与产毛量的表型相关系数分别为0.5552、0.7048、-0.0759、-0.0917和-0.0105；对产毛量的直接通径系数分别为0.2103、0.6447、-0.0105、0.0324和0.1141。可见，剪毛后体重是影响中国美利奴羊（新疆型）产毛量的主要因素。     

非遗传因素对多胎细毛羊初生重和断奶重的影响

本研究旨在分析影响多胎细毛羊出生重和断奶重的因素,为优质多产细毛羊的选育奠定基础.利用SPSS19.0软件对多胎细毛羊羔羊的初生重和断奶重进行了描述性统计分析,并利用SAS9.2软件的GLM(最小二乘方差分析)程序对新疆科创畜牧繁育中心2009-2019年多胎细毛羊1 567条产羔记录分析出生年份、出生月份、性别和母羊...     

用MTDFREML估计中国美利奴羊(新疆型)产毛性状的遗传参数

利用新疆巩乃斯种羊场饲养的2001-2005年出生的5 425只中国美利奴羊(新疆型)周岁资料,采用动物模型多性状非求导约束最大似然法(MTDFREML),估计了中国美利奴羊(新疆型)在新疆自然条件下产毛性状的遗传参数.结果表明:毛长度、剪毛后体重、产毛量和纤维直径的遗传力估计值分别为0.13、0.29、0.22和0.36.     

棉籽壳对雄性细毛羊肝脏功能和显微结构的影响

给雄性细毛羊添加不同水平（0、150、300g/kg）棉籽壳饲喂8个月后,对肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）含量和抗氧化防御系统相关指标进行测定,并观察其肝脏显微结构的变化。结果显示：随着饲料中棉籽壳棉酚含量的增加,雄性细毛羊肝脏中MDA含量呈上升趋势;总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）水平呈下降趋势;过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性也呈下降趋势,但差异不明显（P〉0.05）。随着棉酚含量的增加,雄性细毛羊肝脏病理损伤逐渐加剧。结果表明,饲料中棉籽壳的棉酚可能通过诱导雄性细毛羊肝脏产生氧化损伤进而发挥其毒性作用,且对肝脏发挥正常的结构和功能产生严重的生理障碍。     

An imputation‐based genome‐wide association study on traits related to male reproduction in a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 population

Boar reproductive traits are economically important for the pig industry. Here we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for 13 reproductive traits measured on 205 F₂ boars at day 300 using 60 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data imputed from a reference panel of 1200 pigs in a White Duroc × Erhualian F₂ intercross population. We identified 10 significant loci for seven traits on eight pig chromosomes (SSC). Two loci surpassed the genome‐wide significance level, including one for epididymal weight around 60.25 Mb on SSC7 and one for semen temperature around 43.69 Mb on SSC4. Four of the 10 significant loci that we identified were consistent with previously reported quantitative trait loci for boar reproduction traits. We highlighted several interesting candidate genes at these loci, including APN, TEP1, PARP2, SPINK1 and PDE1C. To evaluate the imputation accuracy, we further genotyped nine GWAS top SNPs using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism or Sanger sequencing. We found an average of 91.44% of genotype concordance, 95.36% of allelic concordance and 0.85 of r² correlation between imputed and real genotype data. This indicates that our GWAS mapping results based on imputed SNP data are reliable, providing insights into the genetic basis of boar reproductive traits.     

云南地区乌骨绵羊黑色素的初步研究

对7只兰坪乌骨绵羊、4只本地绵羊(非乌骨绵羊)和2羽乌骨鸡组织器官黑色素进行了测定,结果表明:乌骨绵羊黑色素与乌骨鸡黑色素的IR光谱基本一致,黑色物质主要是真黑色素;乌骨绵羊各组织器官中的黑色素含量高于本地绵羊;黑色素在乌骨绵羊组织器官中的沉积表现出明显的时(年龄)空(组织器官)差异,即随着年龄的增加,组织器官中的黑色素含量也随之增加;各组织器官中黑色素含量高低顺序为肝脏>气管、心脏、肾脏>脾脏、肺>舌、肌肉、皮肤>骨骼,与乌骨鸡的沉积模式有所不同;乌骨绵羊组织器官中黑色素含量与绵羊的毛色有关,黑毛绵羊组织器官黑色素含量高于花毛绵羊。