西兰花穴盘育苗技术研究

本试验以西兰花（Brassica oleracea L.var.italica Planch）为材料,研究了穴盘规格、基质、基肥对西兰花穴盘幼苗生长发育的影响。结果如下：不同的穴盘规格、基质和基肥对西兰花幼苗生长发育有较大的影响,实际大田生产中要培育壮苗,可以采用72孔穴盘,基质可选用轻基质（泥炭：珍珠岩：蛭石=2：1：1）,也可在轻基质中掺和一定的比例食用菌渣或园土,并拌入一定量的基肥（复合肥或缓释性肥料）。     

Screening and Identifying Two Specific Molecular Markers in Maintainer Line of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Cauliflower （Brassica oleracea var. botrytis）

Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is a maternally inherited trait that prevents the production of function pollen, but maintains female fertility. It has been widely used in breeding programs to product F1 hybrid seed in some crops （Hanson, 1991）. However, in some plants the CMS lines usually have some harmful characters such as plant dwarfness, etiolation in cauliflower. To obtain perfect CMS lines, a long time usually five to eight years is necessary. So how to fully utilize the obtained CMS lines for accelerating the development of new hybrid seed is very important. Here, in order to select high-quality paternal materials for cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） cauliflower NKC-A in early stage, analyses of RAPD and ISSR were performed. Total 2 160 detectable bands were obtained by RAPD using 406 random primers. Among all these primers only the amplifications of primer S2121（5＇ GTGGCTCTCC 3＇） were polymorphic. A 934 bp band only existed in maintainer line. After cloning and sequencing, specific primers were designed to transform the RAPD marker into specific PCR marker, which was named S2121900. Furthermore, total of 30 ISSR primers were also analyzed which produced 306 detectable bands.     

Identification and Genetic Studies of the Inhibition of Dominant Male Sterility in Brassica napus

By transferring dominant male sterility (DMS), caused by the gene Ms, to genotypes with various types of cytoplasm 12 DMS lines were developed and a number of crosses made between the DMS lines and other genotypes of Brassica napus. During the course of this population improvement programme, 16 genotypes were identified as having the capacity to restore the fertility of F₁ plants with the Ms gene. According to pedigree analysis, the inhibitory gene in those lines probably originated from a few genotypes from Australia and Germany. In further studies the inheritance of the sterility inhibition was determined, providing definite evidence that dominant male sterility and its inhibition in B. napus are controlled by two dominant interacting genes rather than by multiple alleles.     

A male sterile line with dominant gene (Ms) in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and its utilization for hybrid seed production

A male sterile plant, 79-399-3, was identified from a spring cabbage line 79-399 in 1979. Light-microscopic studies with paraffin section indicated that meiotic division stopped at the tetrad stage. The ratio of male sterile plants to fertile plants in the progenies of test crosses was 1:1 in five experiments conducted in 1982 and 1991–1994. However, some male sterile plants were sensitive and developed a very low number of viable pollen grains. When sensitive male sterile plants were selfed, the progenies segregated into male sterile and fertile plants at a ratio of 3:1. The male sterile plants from selfing of sensitive male sterile plants were propagated by tissue culture and crossed with different inbred lines. From the progenies of the crosses, populations with 100% male sterile plants were observed. The results indicated that homozygous dominant male sterile (MsMs) plants segregated from the selfed progenies. Populations with 100% male sterile plants and stable male sterility were developed as male sterile lines. Several favorable combinations were also selected by crossing the male sterile lines with inbred lines with high combining ability for desirable horticultural characters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

青花菜主要农艺性状相关性、主成分与聚类分析

揭示青花菜各农艺性状间的相关性和特征规律,以期为种质资源改良与创新,新品种选育提供理论依据。从主要种植区搜集76份种质材料,观测生育期、单球重等16个主要农艺性状,并对其进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析研究。青花菜各性状间存在较高相关性。在主成分分析中,选取方差累积贡献率为73.104%的前6个主成分来评价青花菜种质材料。可将其归纳为产量因子,生长势因子和花球特征因子,是青花菜种质评价的主要指标。聚类分析将76份种质分成3类;第Ⅰ类主要为早中熟种质,侧枝多,球形中高圆,单球重低;第Ⅱ类主要为晚熟种质,株型开展,球高圆紧实,单球重中等;第Ⅲ类主要为中熟种质,株型较直立,球形极高圆,单球重高。可利用相关性、主成分与聚类分析方法对青花菜农艺性状进行分析和综合评价,筛选特异种质,指导育种。     

甘蓝型油菜显性细胞核雄性不育基因的AFLP标记

用甘蓝型油菜双基因显性细胞核雄性不育系Rs1046A和欧洲油菜品种Samourai构建了一个回交分离群体。在群分法（BSA）构建的不育池和可育池中共筛选了256对AFLP引物组合,找到了与不育基因紧密连锁的两个AFLP标记(EA03MC1599和EA07MC01235), 它们与不育基因的遗传图距分别是3.5 cM和5.5 cM,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相     

结球甘蓝的离体快繁技术研究

以结球甘蓝无菌苗的胚轴和子叶为材料，几乎不生长愈伤组织，分化出不定芽。不定芽在添加6-BA的MS培养基上增殖很快，适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L+ NAA0.1mg/L。通过增加培养基中糖和琼脂粉的用量，提高培养时的光照强度等有效控制了玻璃苗的产生。     

杀雄剂SQ-1诱导谷子雄性不育研究

选取3个不同的谷子品种, 以杀雄剂SQ-1为雄性不育诱导剂, 采用3种不同杀雄剂浓度, 在3个不同发育时期对谷子喷施处理, 以喷水为对照。杀雄剂SQ-1在适宜喷施剂量与时期下, 供试品种五九爪软谷和香谷能被诱导产生95%~100%的雄性不育率, 对黄金谷杀雄效果尚未达到90%。五九爪软谷和香谷的喷药适宜时期分别为七叶期和八叶期, 喷施剂量同为4~5 kg hm^–2, 以5 kg hm^–2的杀雄效果最佳。     

The inheritance of days to flowering in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

Summary Crosses between an early flowering inbred broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) HS140 and four later maturing inbred lines, S301, S310, s318, and S258, were studied to determine the inheritance of earliness as expressed by days to first open flower. Mean days to first flower for F₁ and F₂ were almost identical, and were close to the mean of the two parents in three crosses, indicating additive inheritance. In the cross HS140×S258, for which no F₁ plants were available, the F₂ mean was closer to the mean of the early parent, but this was likely due to a distortion of the data caused by the very late maturation of S258, the latest maturing parent in the study. Frequency distribution for parents and progenies supported the conclusions from parent and progeny mean values and indicated that days to maturity is a quantitative character, with mostly additive inheritance.Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 7578.     

甘蓝细胞质雄性不育相关基因orf138的分子特性分析

为了研究甘蓝雄性不育机制,根据萝卜CMS相关基因orf138的序列信息,设计特异引物,并在甘蓝不同类型不育系和保持系中鉴定PCR产物的稳定性。随后利用Tail-PCR技术,扩增获得此基因的侧翼序列并进行了生物信息学分析。结果表明在甘蓝不育型材料中,能够稳定扩增出300 bp左右的单一条带,而在其他细胞质不育类型和可育材料中均未扩出条带,经多次验证结果稳定可靠。甘蓝中orf138的上下游侧翼序列有效碱基1789 bp,通过生物信息学分析,获得包括起始密码和终止密码的orf138的完整序列共417 bp。同源性比对结果显示：与甘蓝型油菜﹑白菜和萝卜的orf138片段具有高度保守性。分析侧翼序列表明甘蓝orf138的3’端是由ORF83、trnfM、ORF125等基因片段构成的一个复杂序列。获得了甘蓝OguCMS特异的分子鉴定标记,明确了orf138在甘蓝线粒体中的位置,以上结果为甘蓝雄性不育的进一步研究奠定良好的基础。     

青花菜组培中过氧化物酶及吼哚乙酸氧化酶与形态发生的关系

青花菜在脱分化及分化过程中其过氧化物酶活性升高;脱分化培养的第12天该酶活性的大幅度增加与愈伤组织的明显发生相对应;分化培养的第21天该酶活性的大幅度增加与真正的芽发生相关.脱分化时过氧化物酶同工酶的c带、e带发生在愈伤组织产生以前,可能是脱分化的原团;分化时c带在芽点出现以前的重新出现可能与分化的启动有关.在脱分化过程中吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性略有升高;在分化过程中该酶活性基本保持稳定.     

菜薹雄性不育相关基因的ISSR分子标记筛选

菜薹(Brassica campestris L.ssp.Chinensis var.utilis Tsenet Lee)属于十字花科芸薹属,原产中国,是华南地区重要的特产蔬菜之一.利用分子标记技术进行菜薹雄性不育相关基因的定位对菜蕞品质创新和选育新品种具有重要意义.目前尚未见有利用ISSR分子标记技术进行菜薹雄性不育分析的研究报道.利用ISSR技术对菜薹雄性不育系及其保持系的基因组DNA进行比较分析:结果显示100个ISSR引物中,只有引物UBC843的扩增结果在两系之间表现出了差异性,找到了不育系和保持系间的特异扩增片段.回收该特异扩增片段并进行克隆测序,测序结果表明该片段全长为462 bp.与白菜其它育性相关序列比较,同源性均低于50%.根据测序结果设计了一对特异引物,将其转化为更稳定的SCAR标记.经F2群体验证,ISSR引物扩增得到的特异片段很有可能来自核DNA.     

七份观赏羽衣甘蓝品种遗传相似性的分析

本文选取7份白色观赏羽衣甘蓝材料,分别进行9种农艺性状观测数据的聚类分析和基因组DNA的SRAP标记多态性结果的聚类分析.农艺性状的聚类分析结果显示分为两大类群,第一类群为皱叶类型,包括两个亚群,其中名古屋、帝王为一个亚群,骑士为另一亚群.SRAP标记聚类分析结果完全验证了这个结果;第二类群为圆叶类型,也包括两个亚群,其中白舞、白鹰、火烈鸟为一个亚群,乐园为另一个亚群.而SRAP标记聚类分析结果显示第二类群也包括两个亚群,但乐园、火烈鸟、白舞为一个亚群,白鹰为另一个亚群,这与农艺性状聚类有点不同.综合结果表明,7份白色羽衣甘蓝材料间的遗传背景存在不同的差异;SRAP标记分析的聚类结果与形态特征分类具有较高的相关.本研究确立了可以利用于羽衣甘蓝基因组分析的SRAP标记引物序列;证明了SRAP标记分析的聚类结果,能够较准确地从分子水平上对材料进行分类,可以作为羽衣甘蓝杂交育种中亲本亲缘关系远近的判断标准之一.     

通过花药漂浮培养提高花椰菜小孢子胚胎发生率

通过花药漂浮培养,成功地诱导两个秋花椰菜基因型的小孢子胚胎发生.在液体培养基与固、液体双层培养基上,小孢子胚胎产量相仿,但后者褐色胚产生较多.在液体培养基中加入62.5mg/L的硝酸银对诱导小孢子胚胎发生效果较好.试验结果表明,采用花药漂浮培养方法可以明显提高花椰菜小孢子胚产量.     

The Inheritance of Polima Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus L.

The restores tested in this study have only one pair of fertility-restoring genes (Rf) but many temperature-sensitive genes (Ts). The Rf genes are alleles at the same locus. The cytoplasm of the restorers RC₁, RC₂, RC₃ and ‘Huaie’ is male sterile, but that of RC₄, is normal.     

Identification of a Stable Maintainer Line for 'Polima' Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed (B. napus L.)

‘Polima’ cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was transferred to three different genotypes of B. napus i.e. GSL-1, ISN706 and HNS-8 by repeated backcrossing and was found to be completely stable in the nuclear background of synthetic B. napus genotype, ISN706, derived from a cross B. campestris ssp. oleifera var. brown sarson ×B. oleracea var. botrytis cv. Tusa Katki'. The BC₅ and BC₆ generation lines of ISN706, GSL-1 and HNS-8 with ‘Polima’ CMS were grown under a range of temperature and photo-period conditions to test their stability. No breakdown in sterility was observed in ‘Polima’ ISN706 and, therefore, this genotype can be used as a maintainer for hybrid seed production.     

谷子显性雄性不育基因Msch的AFLP标记

利用雄性不育是实现谷子杂种优势利用最经济、有效的途径之一.为了寻找与不育基因Msch紧密连锁的分子标记,提高不育系的选育效率,本研究构建了Msch不育/可育近等基因系(NILs),通过对400对AFLP引物组合进行筛选,找到了与不育基因紧密连锁的两个AFLP标记(P17/M37224和P35/M52208),与不育基因的遗传距离分别是2.1 cM和1.4 cM,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相距0.7 cM.这两个AFLP标记可有效用于分子标记辅助选择育种.     

一个白菜型油菜细胞质雄性不育的遗传研究

１９９３年春在白菜型油菜品种“浠水白”中发现了几株雄性不育株,遗传研究结果表明,“浠水白”雄性不育株为细胞质雄性不育,所有调查过的白菜型油菜品种（系）均具有这种雄性水育的保持系。与ｐｏｌ ＣＭＳ和ｎａｐＣＭＳ的保持系和恢复系的测交结果表明,“浠水白”雄性不育与ｎａｐ ＣＭＳ具有相同的恢保关系,与ｐｏｌ ＣＭＳ具有完全不同的恢保关系。ＥｃｏＲⅠ,ＨｉｎｄⅢ,ＰｓｔⅠ和ＳａｌⅠ四种限制性内切酶的线粒体     

一对复等位基因控制的油菜(Brassica napus L.)显性核不育系609AB的遗传验证

在确认609AB不育系类型的基础上,采用临保系测验法和测交后代可育株自交与回交等方法,有效区分了甘蓝型油菜显性核不育的一对复等位和两对显性基因互作控制的两种遗传模式。不育系类型鉴定结果表明609AB是纯合型显性核不育系;遗传分析证明所测恢复系的抑制基因均与Ms等位,不育系可育株的抑制基因也与不育基因等位,确认其