规模养殖三元八眉猪快速育肥性能效果试验

试验选用三元育肥猪,分高水平饲养组与低水平饲养组2个试验组,各组30头。高水平组和低水平组经156d饲养管理后,末重高水平组29头育肥猪平均体重为84.27kg,增重为73.95kg,日增重540.19g;低水平组22头育肥猪平均体重为78.45kg,增重为72.67kg,日增重496.5g,高水平组比低水平组全期每头多增重5.82kg,日多增重43.69g。头均耗料高水平组为237.87kg,低水平组为314.34kg;饲料转化率低水平组比高水平组高出1.62。高水平组与低水平组除饲料、管理费用外,其他费用完全相同,高水平组比低水平组多育活育肥7头,共多收入纯收入7264.12元,头均利润高水平组比低水平组多收入197.54元。     

糊化淀粉尿素用于育肥牛日粮的饲养试验

本试验探讨糊化淀粉尿素应用于育肥牛日粮对其日增重、饲料报酬及经济效益的影响。选择年龄、体重及体况相近的杂交肉牛30头，体重325．9±26．0kg，随机分为3组，每组10头，I组为糊化尿素组，Ⅱ组为添加尿素组，Ⅲ组为对照组（即棉籽饼组）。试验日粮组成为麦秸、鲜酒糟及混合精料。试验期为2个月。试验结果表明，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验牛平均日增重分别为1．393kg、1．03kg和1．14kg，精料／增重分别为3．05:1、3．74：1、4．13:1。试验期间Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组牛的经济效益以糊化尿素组最高，为304元／头；其次棉籽饼组为164元／头；最差为添加尿素组为146．3元／头。     

用糙米、小麦代替玉米饲喂瘦肉猪的试验

选择 2 5kg左右的杜长大断奶仔猪 4 8头 ,随机平均分为 4组 ,采用对比试验 ,以天门产早稻 (糙米 )、小麦作为能量饲料代替日粮中玉米用量的 5 0 %、10 0 %,各组添加 4 %预混料 ,试验期 10 2d。试验结果 :4个组总增重分别为 837 5、85 1 0、832 0和 812 5kg ,平均日增重分别为6 84 2 3、6 94 88、6 79 72和 6 6 3 86 g ;料肉比分别为 3 2 7∶1、3 2 4∶1、3 2 4∶1和 3 38∶1,每增重 1kg体重饲料费用分别为 4 5 8、4 85、4 73、5 31元。经统计分析 ,增重效果差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,证明利用糙米、小麦作为能量饲料代替玉米配合日粮饲喂瘦肉猪是完全可行的。     

蛋氨酸螯合锌替代无机锌对仔猪的影响

将 96头三元杂交仔猪设 4个处理组 ,每个处理组 3个重复 ,每个重复 8头仔猪。 4个处理组试验猪分别饲喂氧化锌来源 30 0 0mg/kg锌、蛋氨酸螯合锌来源 35 0mg/kg锌、氧化锌来源6 0mg/kg锌 +蛋氨酸螯合锌来源 4 0mg/kg锌、氧化锌来源 10 0mg/kg锌日粮 ,结果表明 ,蛋氨酸锌处理组、高锌处理组、混合锌处理组较正常锌处理组日增重、日采食量、饲料转化率高。蛋氨酸锌处理组与高锌处理组日增重、日采食量、饲料效率、腹泻发生率差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

架子牛育肥补饲配合精料配方筛选试验

为了筛选出适合攀枝花地区肉牛圈养模式下架子牛育肥补饲配合精料配方,试验选择12~15月龄、体重250 kg左右的健康西杂牛24头,随机分成3组,开展架子牛育肥补饲配合精料配方筛选试验。结果表明:经45 d的育肥,1,2,3组增重差异极显著(P0.01);1,2,3组增重1 kg头均饲料成本分别为15.30元、13.30元、19.80元,头均纯收入分别为369.9元、513.6元、178.2元,其中2组在增重效果、饲料报酬、经济效益方面均优于1,3组。说明2号精料配方是西杂肉牛育肥较为理想的配合精料配方。     

西本、秦川、本地牛育肥对比试验

用ME为 10 70MJ/kg、CP为 14 3%的精料配合氨化秸秆对西本、秦川和本地三个肉牛组合进行育肥对比试验 ,结果 ,6 0天饲养 ,各组每头牛平均增重分别为 48 0 5± 4 6 4,47 0 9± 8 42 ,39 0 6± 5 73kg ,平均每头日增重分别为 80 0 89± 77 31,784 91±14 0 3,6 5 1 0 4± 95 5 1g ,西本、秦川 ,平均日增重均显著高于本地黄牛 (P <0 0 1)。     

不同精料饲喂量对德宏高峰牛育肥效益的影响

[目的]研究不同的精料饲喂量对德宏高峰牛育肥效益的影响,为养殖户进行德宏高峰牛育肥合理使用精料饲喂量提供理论依据。[方法]将试验分为4个组,每组10头,按试验1组、试验2组、试验3组、试验4组分别以每头每天1.5 kg,2 kg,2.5 kg,3 kg精料进行饲喂,通过90 d育肥,分析得出效益最好的精料饲喂量组。[结果]结果表明,试验1组平均日增重0.64 kg,每天每头牛可获利7.40元;试验2组平均日增重0.712 kg,每天每头牛可获利8.02元;试验3组平均日增重0.748 kg,每天每头牛可获利7.57元;试验4组平均日增重0.779 kg,每天每头牛可获利6.96元。[结论]德宏高峰牛育肥按每头每天饲喂精料2 kg经济效益最好,即按体重1%左右给予精料育肥德宏高峰牛效益最可观。     

利用鲜甘蔗尾叶肥育肉牛的效果

利用本地资源 ,以鲜甘蔗尾叶加尿素为主要饲料对本地牛进行肥育试验。结果表明 ,以鲜甘蔗尾叶加尿素为主 ,日补以精料 0 .4～ 0 .5kg/头饲喂的牛 ,平均日增重为 0 .5 6 8kg。     

紫花苜蓿饲养云岭牛的试验

为探讨紫花苜蓿饲养云岭牛的效果,随机选择云岭育成母牛72头。通过紫花苜蓿+玉米青贮+精料(Tr.1)和玉米青贮+精料(Tr.2)的饲料组合的2个处理,3个重复,每个重复组12头牛;开展了为期240 d的饲养试验。牛群每月底称重1次,在称重当天上午空腹进行;数据采用单因素方差分析,多重比较用Duncan多重比较法进行。结果:1Tr.1总增重(282.03±11.78)kg,日增重1 180 g,Tr.2总增重206.75±30.99 kg,日增重870 g;Tr.1比Tr.2增重多75.28 kg/头,提高36.41%;2饲草饲料消耗量,Tr.1牛群头均玉米青贮3 040 kg,紫花苜蓿1 216 kg,精料152 kg,饲料成本2 325.60元/头;Tr.2牛群头均玉米青贮4 560 kg,精料456 kg,饲料成本3 693.60元/头;3生产总成本Tr.1为2 557.82元/头、Tr.2为3 925.82元/头;产值Tr.1达到8 460.83元/头,Tr.2为6 202.50元/头;4云岭牛用紫花苜蓿饲养条件下的增重、成本及效益差异极显著(P0.01)。试验表明,牧草之王的紫花苜蓿是养牛业不可缺少的优质粗饲料,应大力推广应用。     

喂牛常用的几种添加剂

1　瘤胃素又叫莫能老素 ,是一种生物活性的化合物 ,能促进肉牛增重的饲料添加剂。目前使用的制剂为瘤胃素钠 ,每千克饲料添加 5 .5～ 3 3 mg。每头牛日喂 5 0～ 3 6 0 mg。据试验 :一头体重 1 8kg以上的生长牛 ,每日添加饲喂 2 0 0 mg,可节省饲料 4% ,提高增重1 0 %～ 2 3 %。2　碳酸氢钠又称小苏打 ,是奶牛最常用的缓冲化合物添加剂。奶牛泌乳期 ,每头奶牛日粮中添加 1 0 g碳酸氢钠 ,试验组比对照组牛 ,每头多产奶 2～ 3 kg,奶的品质亦提高。同时 ,可使日粮中的有机物消化率从6 9%提高到 72 % ,纤维素的消化率从 3 6 %提高到48%。另外 ,在…     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

文山黄牛的现状与保种措施

文章阐述了文山黄牛的品种特性、现状和保种措施。文山牛保种可采用原产地活体保种,迁地活体保种和现代生物技术保种等多种方式。文山牛体型较大,性情温顺,产肉性能好、活动敏捷、结构紧凑、肌肉强健、肉品质优良、耐粗饲、适应性广、繁殖力和抗病力均较强等特点。文山牛是云南省一个地方良种,种质资源保护刻不容缓。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.