Ivermectin in the control of helminthiasis in guinea fowl Numida meleagris galeata Pallas

Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) were treated with subcutaneous injection of Ivomec at dose rate of 0.14 mg/kg to control and reduce mortalities due to helminthiasis. Ten hours after treatment faecal droppings contained both adult and larval stages of Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Subulura suctoria and fragments of Raillietina spp. Recovery was found 48 hours later. Drug efficacy was 100%.     

Application of transarterial embolization of renal artery in rabbits with experimental hydronephrosis

This study was performed to validate the procedure of transarterial embolization of the renal artery (TAE-RA) using iohexol-ethanol solution in rabbits with unilateral experimental hydronephrosis and to evaluate the embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney using B-mode ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced at 17 days after ligation of unilateral ureter in 13 rabbits. Renal artery embolization was performed using selective catheterization in the hydronephrotic kidney of eight rabbits and electrocardiography, oxygen saturation, body temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. Iohexol-ethanol solution was used as embolic material. Average ethanol dose for renal artery embolization was 1.4 +/- 0.7 ml/kg. There were no rabbits expired after TAE-RA and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ethanol solution. In color Doppler ultrasonographic findings, there was no blood flow into the embolized kidneys treated by TAE-RA, however, blood flow signal was found in hydronephrotic kidney not treated by TAE-RA. Ultrasonographically, the mean longitudinal length of the embolized kidney significantly decreased at 2 and 3 months after TAE-RA. No significant difference of resistive index values was found between contralateral normal kidney of rabbits treated by TAE-RA and contralateral normal kidneys of rabbits treated with nephrectomy. We may conclude that TAE-RA with iohexol-ethanol solution is a viable alternative to nephrectomy in rabbits with unilateral hydronephrosis.     

Oral and parenteral administration of ivermectin to reindeer.

The anti-parasitic effect of the orally administered paste formulation of ivermectin (Ivomec) in reindeer was evaluated by means of a trial designed to compare the efficacies of orally and s.c. administered ivermectin at the same dosage (0.2 mg kg-1 body weight) in naturally infected adult reindeer (n = 92). Both formulations were 100% effective against larvae of the warble fly, Oedemagena tarandi, while oral treatment was less efficacious than s.c. injection against parasitic nematodes. Both formulations, but particularly the injectable ivermectin treatment, increased the weight gain of pregnant females compared to that of those not treated.     

Topically applied ivermectin and Cooperia infections in cattle

Extract

I have read with some interest a recent report in this journal⁽¹⁾ that topically applied ivermectin (Ivomec Pour-On, MSD Agvet NZ Ltd) was found to be largely ineffective against Cooperiu infection in cattle.     

中草药复合添加剂防治兔球虫病及增重效果研究

选用无感染幼兔４２只,随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ５组,进行防治兔球虫病和增重试验,其中Ａ组为中药加矿微加喹乙醇组,Ｂ组为中药加矿微组,Ｃ组为西药对比组,Ｄ组为感染不给药组,Ｅ组为不感染不给药组;在同样饲料、同等饲养条件下,饲养３０天。结果,Ａ组保护率９０％,增重率９８．２％;Ｂ组保护率１００％,增重率１３２．１％;Ｃ组保护率９０％,增重率７６．６％;Ｄ组兔于第１１天全部死亡;Ｅ组保护率１００％,增重率９６．２％。试验结果证明,保护率以纯中药Ｂ组最佳,Ａ组次之,增重率Ａ、Ｂ组均高于Ｃ组和Ｅ组,以Ｂ组最佳。     

0.6%百虫杀预混剂对仔猪疥螨病的治疗试验

０．６％百虫杀预混剂是伊维菌素的一种新制剂。在每吨饲料中添加３３３克,连续饲喂７天,对猪疥螨病的治愈率达１００％,且安全,无任何毒副作用,其效果与美国默沙东０．６％害获灭相同。     

Coxofemoral luxation in pet rabbits: nine cases

Of the pet rabbits presented at one private practice between August 2011 and August 2016 (n=1369), 5·6% presented with a traumatic orthopaedic injury. Of these, 7·8% (n=6) presented with traumatic coxofemoral luxation, the most frequently observed type of luxation. Three cases of non‐traumatic coxofemoral luxation in pet rabbits are also discussed. Eight rabbits presented with craniodorsal luxation and one with caudoventral luxation. Five rabbits were initially treated using closed reduction and an Ehmer sling under sedation. Two rabbits responded satisfactorily to closed reduction; their bandages remained in place for 10 and 14 days, and movement was cage‐limited for 1 month after bandage placement. The bandage did not prevent re‐luxation in three cases. Therefore, two rabbits received iliofemoral nylon sutures, and three rabbits received a femoral neck and head ostectomy. One rabbit was treated directly using open reduction and an iliofemoral nylon suture due to fractures in the same limb. One rabbit was presented in shock, coxofemoral luxation was noticed as an incidental finding and euthanasia was elected by the owner. In conclusion, of the three rabbits treated via femoral neck and head ostectomy one rabbit had an unsatisfactory outcome and two rabbits have non‐assessable outcomes. The three rabbits treated with iliofemoral sutures showed satisfactory long‐term outcomes and the two rabbits treated with closed reduction and an Ehmer sling showed satisfactory medium and long‐term outcomes.     

褪黑激素对长毛兔产毛性能及兔毛品质的影响

试验旨在研究褪黑激素(Melatonin,MT)对长毛兔夏季产毛的影响。选择1.5岁左右的皖系长毛兔60只,其中公兔40只,母兔20只,随机分为4组,分别皮下埋植0、25、40、55 mg的褪黑激素,经过70 d的养毛期后测定各组产毛量及粗毛和细毛的长度变化差异,分析褪黑激素对长毛兔产毛性能的影响。结果显示:公兔40 mg埋植组产毛量显著高于埋植前产毛量(P<0.05),55 mg埋植组产毛量显著高于对照组产毛量(P<0.05);母兔对照组试验后剪毛量显著低于试验前剪毛量(331.0 g vs 284.8 g,P<0.05),而3个褪黑激素埋植组试验后产毛量下降幅度并不显著(P>0.05)。皮下埋植40 mg或55 mg褪黑激素能够增加皖系长毛兔公兔或母兔的粗毛长度,但对细毛长度和兔毛细度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。说明长毛兔皮下埋植40 mg和55 mg褪黑激素能够提高公兔夏季产毛量且抑制母兔夏季产毛量的降低,同时增加公、母兔粗毛长度。研究结果可为褪黑激素的合理利用提供参考,并为揭示其对促进长毛兔夏季兔毛生长的作用机制奠定基础。     

长效伊维菌素注射液对兔痒螨病的治疗效果及兔场净化效果观察

2007年四川省雅安市某兔场75只兔发生痒螨病,采用长效伊维菌素注射液按0.3 mL/kg体重一次性大腿肌肉注射,治愈率为98.67%,连续观察5个月内复发率为1.52%(1/66)。同时, 采用长效伊维菌素注射液按0.2 mL/kg体重一次性大腿肌肉注射对该兔场未发病的327只肉兔和216只长毛兔进行了净化处理,处理后5个月内痒螨病发生率为0.37%（2/543）。     

Effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects after irradiation of host tissues

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sustained release of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 from a gelatin hydrogel would enhance bone regeneration in critical-sized long-bone defects and overcome inhibitory effects of preoperative irradiation. ANIMALS: 24 adult New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURE: Rabbits were allocated to 2 groups. Twelve rabbits received localized megavoltage radiation to the right ulna by use of a cobalt 60 teletherapy unit, and 12 rabbits received no irradiation. Then, a 1.5-cm defect was aseptically created in the right ulna of each rabbit. Gelatin hydrogel that contained 5 microg of adsorbed recombinant-human (rh)TGF-beta1 was placed in the defect of 12 rabbits (6 irradiated and 6 nonirradiated), and the other 12 rabbits received hydrogel without rhTGF-beta1. Rabbits were euthanatized 10 weeks after surgery. New bone formation within the defect was analyzed by use of nondecalcified histomorphometric methods. A 1-way ANOVA was used to compare differences among groups. RESULTS: New bone formation within the defect was significantly greater in TGF-beta1-treated rabbits than in rabbits treated with hydrogel carrier alone. Local delivery of rhTGF-beta1 via a hydrogel carrier in irradiated defects resulted in amounts of bone formation similar to those for nonirradiated defects treated by use of rhTGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Local delivery of TGF-beta1 by use of a hydrogel carrier appears to have therapeutic potential for enhancing bone formation in animals after radiation treatments. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE: This technique may be of value for treating human patients at risk for delayed bone healing because of prior radiation therapy.     

Some effects of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin and its importance as a contaminator of biological preparations

The purpose of this study was to establish a model which can be used to examine the biological response to Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin in both anaesthetized and unanaesthetized rabbits, and then compare this response to that of rabbits injected with an endotoxin-contaminated biological preparation. The parameters used to evaluate the biological response included total white blood cell and differential counts, 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha concentration, and rectal temperature. Unanaesthetized groups of rabbits received 1000, 100, 10, or 1 ng/kg of the endotoxin via intravenous injection (i.v.); the anaesthetized group of rabbits received 100 ng/kg endotoxin i.v. (anaesthesia induced with Hypnorm). In addition, groups of rabbits were treated under anaesthesia with Pharmacia-Chiron's recombinant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) (10 mg/kg body weight = 1.6 endotoxin units (EU)/kg) or Grünenthal's bovine SOD (two doses: 10 mg/kg = 400 EU/kg, or 50 mg/kg = 2000 EU/kg). Results demonstrated that at the lower doses of endotoxin (10 and 1 ng/kg) and r-hSOD (10 mg/kg), no leukopenia was observed. There was however a slight shift in the leukocyte population so that polymorphonucleocytes increased and monocytes decreased in number. Rabbits treated with higher doses of endotoxin (1000 and 100 ng/kg) showed many of the common signs of endotoxemia, including leukopenia, increased prostaglandin metabolite levels, and increased body temperature, as did the rabbits treated with endotoxin-contaminated bSOD. There was a definite dose-dependency, with the higher dose of bSOD giving a more marked rise in all parameters. These findings indicate that use of this or other endotoxin-contaminated biological preparations in live-animal experiments could produce erratic, and therefore unreliable, results.     

The efficacy of formulations of triclabendazole and ivermectin in combination against liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) and gastro-intestinal nematodes in cattle and sheep and sucking lice species in cattle

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of two formulations of triclabendazole and ivermectin in combination against liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), gastro-intestinal nematodes and sucking louse species in cattle and sheep. PROCEDURE: A study of 540 cattle and 428 sheep at 18 sites throughout Victoria and New South Wales was undertaken. At each site, one group of cattle or sheep was treated with a combined formulation (Fasimec Cattle or Fasimec Sheep), another received ivermectin and triclabendazole separately. In trials on lice infestation, an additional group remained untreated. Samples for faecal egg counts were collected on days -7, 0 (treatment day), +7, +14 and +21 after treatment. Lice assessments were carried out on days -7, 0, +7, +14, +28, +42 and +56. RESULTS: Both treatments were highly efficacious (> 98% efficacy) against liver fluke in cattle and sheep, against three sucking lice species of cattle and against gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep. There was also no significant difference between treatments in efficacy. Against gastro-intestinal nematodes, Fasimec Cattle was significantly (P < 0.01) more effective than the separately applied ivermectin and triclabendazole treatment. Mean efficacy for the Fasimec Cattle and Ivomec/Fasinex 120 groups respectively, was 97.6% and 94.2% on Day +7, 98.9% and 91% on Day +14 and 98.5% and 92.6% on Day +21. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of Fasimec' Cattle and Fasimec Sheep was at least equal to that of currently registered products (with the same active ingredients) used to control these parasites.     

中药复方喷剂治疗兔须癣毛癣菌病的效果研究

须癣毛癣菌可引起兔皮肤真菌病,也是人兽共患病的病原。本研究自制中药复方喷剂,通过体内外实验对其抑菌效果进行了研究。结果表明:分离的皮肤致病菌为万博节皮菌(Arthoderma vanbreuseghemii);中药复方Ⅱ体外抑菌效果最好,浓度为0.1 g/mL时抑菌率可达61.4%;动物试验结果显示,中药复方喷剂对患皮肤病兔的治愈率为100%,优于西药组66.7%,用药第3 d患处结痂脱落,第7 d开始新生被毛,与西药组相比,试验组起效快,皮肤患处组织切片观察显示,中药复方可减少炎性细胞浸润,提高毛囊数量,后续观察试验组无复发,西药组有复发现象。本研究自制的中药复方喷剂对患有须癣毛癣菌感染兔有较好的治疗效果,可作为一种治疗兔皮肤真菌病的新药。     

Effects of T-2 mycotoxin ingestion on phagocytosis of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by rabbit alveolar macrophages and on hematologic, serum biochemical, and pathologic changes in rabbits

Rabbits were given T-2 mycotoxin orally at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mg/kg of body weight/day for 21 days. Only rabbits in the 0.75 mg/kg/day group (4 of 5 rabbits) died. Alveolar macrophages were harvested on day 22 and used for in vitro phagocytosis of killed Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Cultures included sera from untreated rabbits or rabbits treated with T-2. Phagocytosis was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in cultures that used serum from rabbits treated with 0.5 mg of T-2/kg/day and alveolar macrophages from untreated rabbits or rabbits treated with T-2. There was little reduction in phagocytosis when alveolar macrophages from rabbits treated with T-2 and normal serum were used. Ingestion of 0.5 mg of T-2 toxin/kg/day significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced weight gain, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, and serum bacteriostasis. Similar changes were found in the 0.75 mg/kg/day group, as well as a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in PCV, total WBC, and differential leukocyte counts. Neutrophil counts decreased, but not significantly (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). Significant changes were not detected in alanine transaminase activity, aspartate transaminase activity, blood urea nitrogen concentration, or complement hemolytic activity. Histopathologic changes consisting of centrilobular hepatocellular swelling, mild portal and periportal fibrosis and lymphocyte necrosis within secondary lymphoid tissues developed in most rabbits treated with T-2. Thymic atrophy, bile duct reduplication, and lymphocyte depletion of secondary lymphoid tissues developed in the group given 0.75 mg/kg/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

纤维素酶对兔日增重、肠绒毛结构、胃内容物及肝、睾丸内无机元素含量的影响

选用雄性日本大耳白兔20只,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组10只。结果表明,饲喂纤维素酶(3g/头·日)的兔日增重明显增加(P<0.05),通过电镜观察试验组兔空肠肠绒毛结构比较完整,而对照组则比较紊乱。另外,纤维素酶还能提高兔胃酸度和胃蛋白酶的活力(P<0.01);使肝脏中Cu(P<0.01)及睾丸内无机元素的含量增加,而使肝脏中Mn的含量下降(P<0.01)。     

咪唑苯脲注射液特殊安全性试验研究

通过豚鼠、新西兰大白兔的皮肤致敏、皮肤刺激、肌肉刺激、红细胞溶血试验,考察咪唑苯脲注射液的安全性。试验用新西兰大白兔6只进行皮肤刺激,染毒剂量为咪唑苯脲注射液0.5 mL/只(规格:1211.5 mg/mL);用白化豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验,按0.5 mL/kg剂量,以豚鼠背部左侧皮肤进行染毒;用新西兰大白兔8只,进行肌肉刺激试验,在右侧股四头肌注入0.1、0.2、0.5 mL/kg bw,左侧股四头肌注入同样体积的灭菌0.9%氯化钠溶液作对照;用新西兰大白兔2只,进行红细胞溶血试验,采用体外试管法进行,采心脏血50 mL,制成红细胞悬液,加入受试药物原液温育3 h。结果显示,皮肤刺激试验:受试物咪唑苯脲注射液各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;皮肤致敏试验:受试药物组和阴性对照组豚鼠的皮肤过敏反应率为0;肌肉刺激试验:给予受试物各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;红细胞溶血试验:受试药物及阴性对照在3 h内红细胞全部下沉,上清液体均为澄明,溶液中未见棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀。试验表明,咪唑苯脲注射剂无皮肤刺激性、不出现过敏反应、无肌肉刺激性、无溶血和凝聚作用,临床上可以肌肉注射使用。     

广州地区山羊寄生虫病的调查与防治试验

本次对广州地区某羊场山羊的体内外寄生虫进行了调查,通过体表、粪便检查以及尸体剖检发现;体外寄生虫有山羊蚧螨和山羊毛虱;体内寄生虫有寄生于第四胃和小肠物毛圆科线虫,包括血矛线虫属、毛圆属、奥斯特属、马歇尔属、古柏属多种线虫。采用害获灭和螨净对以上寄生虫进行治疗试验。发现害获灭对山羊螨、虱及胃肠道线虫都有较好的驱杀作用。其中对胃肠道线虫的驱净率达１００％,某此螨病较为严重的山羊采用害获灭肌注,同时配合     

Halothane anaesthesia in the rabbit: a comparison of the effects of medetomidine, acepromazine and midazolam on breath-holding during induction

The effects of induction of anaesthesia with halothane were studied in rabbits which received either no pre-anaesthetic medication, acepromazine (0.5 and l mg/kg bwt im), medetomidine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg bwt im) or midazolam (1 and 2 mgkg bwt im). All rabbits had periods of apnoea (> 1 min) during induction, resulting in moderate hypercapnia and acidosis. The degree of hypercapnia was not influenced by pre-anaesthetic treatment. All animals showed a significant reduction in heart rate ( P <0.05) which was influenced significantly by pre-anaesthetic treatment (P<0.001). The greatest reduction in rate occurred in animals receiving no pre-anaesthetic medication (mean [± sd] heart rate [HR] at start = 2,236 ± 33, lowest rate during induction 60 ± 15). The smallest reduction occurred in medetomidine treated animals, but these had significantly lower heart rates at induction (HR at start 134 ± 21, lowest rate 117 ± 7). The degree of sedation was greatest with medetomidine, and this group also had the slowest recovery time. Induction time was affected significantly by pre-anaesthetic treatment ( P <0.05) and was most rapid in rabbits which received acepromazine. The combination of bradycardia and hypercapnia during halothane induction may represent an increased risk of anaesthetic associated mortality. Although pre-anaesthetic medication did not prevent the breath-holding response to halothane, it reduced the magnitude of the consequent bradycardia. Overall quality of induction was better in rabbits which received acepromazine or medetomidine, and it is suggested that pre-induction administration of these or equivalent agents is of value in rabbits.     

高效氯氰菊酯乳油对雄性家兔精液品质的影响

采用4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油喷洒饲草,使4组家兔每日每千克体重染毒高效氯氰菊酯分别为0mg、1.5mg、3.0mg、4.5mg,持续56d后采用常规方法对精液品质进行检查。结果各剂量组家兔体重、睾丸重量、精液量及其pH等方面均无显著性差异(>0.05);与对照组相比,1.5mg/kg体重试验组的精子密度、精子活力、畸形率无明显变化(>0.05),但3.0mg/kg、4.5mg/kg剂量组则发生显著变化(<0.05)。表明当家兔高效氯氰菊酯染毒量达到3.0mg/kg体重时即可导致家兔精子密度、精子活力、畸形率等方面发生异常,对家兔具有一定的生殖毒性。     

The use of megavoltage radiation therapy in the treatment of thymomas in rabbits: 19 cases

An overall median survival time (MST) and prognostic factors in rabbits with thymomas treated with megavoltage radiation therapy (RT) were determined in this multi-institutional retrospective case analysis. Medical records for 19 rabbits with suspected or confirmed thymomas treated with RT were evaluated for data including signalment, haematological and serum biochemistry abnormalities, presence of pleural effusion, radiation plan, body weight, total radiation dose and institution administering RT. Statistical significance of these factors related to overall survival was assessed. An overall MST for all 19 rabbits was 313 days; exclusion of 3 rabbits that died acutely during the first 14 days of RT yielded a MST of 727 days. The only factor associated with a significantly decreased survival time was having a body weight lower than mean body weight of 1.57 kg. Radiation treatment-associated complications were infrequent and included radiation-induced myocardial failure, radiation pneumonitis and alopecia.