不同浸提、干燥方式对GABA速溶红茶中GABA含量的影响

为了研究不同浸提、干燥等工艺条件对优化GABA速溶红茶制备的问题,以‘金萱’品种的GABA红茶为原料,蒸馏水作为提取溶剂,以GABA含量为主要评价指标,采用正交试验优化GABA速溶红茶浸提参数,研究提取温度、提取时间和茶水比对GABA速溶红茶粉中GABA含量等的影响;在确定最佳浸提工艺条件基础上,分析喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥工艺对GABA含量的的影响,并确定制备GABA速溶红茶茶粉的最佳制备工艺条件。结果表明,在GABA速溶红茶浸提过程中,浸提温度对提取效果的影响最大,浸提温度与总固形物提取率具有极显著关系(P＜0.01)。经正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度90℃,提取时间15 min,茶水比1:15,在此最佳浸提工艺条件下,经冷冻干燥后获得GABA含量高达10.11 mg/g的GABA速溶红茶。     

微波辅助菊花茶饮料的研制

以绿茶、菊花为主要原料,研究了菊花茶饮料加工工艺中的最佳浸提方法和条件,确定了饮料的最佳调配比例。结果表明,采用微波辅助水浴法浸提得到的浸提液品质较常规水浴法的好。微波辅助水浴法浸提绿茶的最佳工艺条件为:茶、水质量比为1∶100,pH值为5,微波功率为400W条件下处理4min,在温度90℃的水浴锅中浸提5min;菊花汁最佳工艺条件为:菊花、水质量比为1∶180,微波功率为175W的条件下处理10min,在温度80℃的水浴锅中浸提15min。饮料最佳调配比例为:绿茶汁30%,菊花汁50%,白砂糖2%,柠檬酸0.02%。     

大麦茶饮料的开发研究

以大麦为原料,通过焙烤、粉碎、浸提等工艺,确定了最佳焙烤时间、粉碎度、浸提温度和浸提时间。通过配方调试和感官品评,进而确定了大麦茶饮料的最佳配方,使用此配方制备的大麦茶饮料麦香味浓郁,外观呈棕褐色,清亮透明,口感自然温润,在常温下可以保存6个月。此饮料的开发利用为大麦原料提供新的使用途径。     

芜菁种子中总黄酮提取工艺研究

采用乙醇浸提法提取芜菁种子中的黄酮类化合物。结果表明:浸提提取的最佳条件是50 ml 70%乙醇在70℃下提取2 h。本试验采用分光光度法,以芦丁标准品测定芜菁种子提取物中总黄酮的含量,总黄酮含量为2.01%.方法简便,快速,重现性好,可作为检测芜菁种子提取物中黄酮含量的一种手段。     

荞麦饮料的研制

以荞麦为原料,经糊化、焙烤、微波浸提、调配、杀菌等工艺,研制出一种营养、健康的荞麦饮料。     

微波强化山楂茶饮料的工艺研究

山楂茶饮料是一种保健功能性复合饮料,采用常规水浴法浸提山楂与茶的功能性物质,并得到浸提工艺参数,通过微波强化提取工艺,优化研究山楂与茶的浸提方法和条件,最后采用壳聚糖澄清技术对山楂茶汁进行澄清。结果显示,浸提绿茶的最佳工艺条件为:茶水比1∶80,在微波功率400W条件下处理2min,于80℃水浴锅中浸提10min;山楂汁最佳工艺条件为:料水比1∶3,在微波功率600W条件下处理2min,于90℃水浴锅中浸提90min;饮料最佳调配为:绿茶汁57%、山楂汁38%、白砂糖5%。     

绿豆浓浆饮料的研制

以绿豆为原料,研究了绿豆浓浆饮料的生产工艺。探讨了料水比、预处理方式、均质条件对产品质量的影响。结果表明,生产绿豆浓浆饮料的最佳工艺条件是料水比为1∶13~1∶15,采用预处理方式1,均质压力25~30 MPa,均质温度65~75℃,均质2次,杀菌温度121℃,杀菌时间20 min。     

北冬虫夏草饮料的研制

以人工培育的北冬虫夏草为原料,采用水浸提方法,利用L(934)正交实验,确定多糖浸提的最佳工艺。再以浸提液含量、酸味剂、甜味剂和稳定剂的添加量为正交因素配制饮料。实验得到了北冬虫夏草浸提最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶6,浸提时间3h,浸提温度75℃;北冬虫夏草饮料的配制最佳配方为:浸提液53.8%,甜味剂30.8%,酸味剂7.7%,稳定剂7.7%。     

玫瑰花饮料的研究

以花青素和总多酚类物质的含量为指标,优化玫瑰花浸提条件。结果表明,最佳浸提工艺为料液比1∶50,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间30 min;玫瑰花浸提液中花青素含量为122 mg/100 g,多酚类物质提取率为70%以上。通过单因素和正交试验优化玫瑰花饮料配方,最佳配方为白砂糖9%,苹果酸0.12%,CMC 0.15%,在此条件下所得玫瑰花饮料颜色鲜艳、酸甜适中、玫瑰花香气浓郁。     

酒花超临界CO_2萃余物中芦丁提取工艺的研究

研究了从酒花超临界CO2萃余物(废酒花)中提取芦丁的工艺条件。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定芦丁含量,通过单因素和正交试验确定了废酒花中芦丁的最佳提取条件:浸提剂体积分数40%乙醇,料液比1∶35,超声辅助提取,温度60℃,提取时间1.75 h,在此条件下芦丁的提取量为1.546 mg/g废酒花。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...