奥芬达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫的药效试验

为了观察奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱虫效果,试验采用粪检法和剖检法检测奥芬达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊自然感染裸头科绦虫的情况,并以10 mg/kg奥芬达唑原料药作为药物对照。结果表明:用药7 d后,5,10,15 mg/kg奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科3属绦虫的转阴率分别为83.3%、100%和100%;对莫尼茨绦虫的驱虫率分别为85.7%、100%和100%,对无卵黄腺绦虫、曲子宫绦虫的驱虫率均达到100%。说明奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科3属绦虫均有驱虫效果,其中10 mg/kg的剂量高效安全。     

赤峰地区放牧绵羊裸头科绦虫的流行与防治

绵羊绦虫病是由裸头科各属的绦虫寄生在羊小肠中引起的寄生虫病，主要危害幼龄羊。本病在我国分布广泛，呈地方性流行，赤峰地区放牧的绵羊每年都有发病的情况。本病的特点是绵羊生长发育迟缓，生产性能下降，特别是羔羊及幼龄羊感染时，不仅影响生长发育，常导致发病羊精神沉郁，贫血、消瘦、腹泻，甚至衰竭死亡。     

绵羊裸头科绦虫流行病学规律及其防治研究

裸头科绦虫是绵羊肠道的主要寄生绦虫,属于世界性分布。我国各地均有不同程度的感染,尤其西北各省区、内蒙古等牧区更为突出。新疆是我国主要牧区之一,也是良种细     

奥芬达唑干混悬剂对放牧绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱虫试验

<正>裸头科绦虫是青海省放牧家畜重要的肠道寄生虫之一,流行广,危害严重,特别是羔羊感染后引起秋季大批死亡,对养羊业危害极大。控制该病的发生与流行,对幼年羊的培育和草原畜牧业生产的发展至关重要。目前,应用驱虫药物进行定期驱虫仍是最为有效的防治手段。因此,筛选与应用新型驱虫药品是提高绵羊绦虫病防治效果的有效途径之一。奥芬达唑是一种优良广谱驱虫药,其对绵羊线虫的驱除试验已有许多报道~([1-7])。而本品对家畜绦虫的驱虫试验报道资料     

畜禽绦虫病的检疫及防治措施

<正>1草食家畜绦虫病草食家畜绦虫病是由裸头科的一些绦虫寄生于草食家畜的肠道内所引起的一类绦虫病。本病呈世界性分布,地方性流行,是幼畜的重要寄生虫病之一。牛、羊绦虫病的病原,主要有扩展莫尼茨绦虫、贝氏莫尼茨绦虫、盖氏曲子宫绦虫及中点无卵黄腺绦虫,寄生于牛羊的小肠,常呈混合性感染。马属动物绦虫病的病原,主要有大裸头绦虫、叶状裸头绦虫和侏儒副裸头绦虫。叶状裸头绦虫主要寄生于盲肠,其余两种绦虫主要寄生于小肠内。上述几种裸     

芬苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱除效力试验

应用芬苯达唑干混悬剂,分别按5,10,20mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫,并设吡喹酮片剂20mg/kg体重剂量药物对照组和阳性对照组。粪检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5,10,20mg/kg剂量对裸头科绦虫的粪便虫卵(节片)转阴率分别为70.0%、100.0%和100.0%。用药后14d剖检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5mg/kg体重剂量对莫尼茨绦虫、无卵黄腺绦虫的驱虫率分别为70.7%、63.0%;10、20mg/kg体重剂量的驱虫率均达100.0%。结果表明10mg/kg和20mg/kg体重芬苯达唑干混悬剂试验剂量对绵羊裸头科2属绦虫均有效,其中10mg/kg以上剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫高效安全。     

3种驱绦药物对绵羊裸头科绦虫驱后排虫时间观察

目前对绵羊裸头科绦虫主要是应用化学药物进行驱治。然而在药物驱后排虫方面的报道较少。为此我们于1983年和1984年8—10月进行了吡喹酮、丙硫苯眯唑、硫双二氯酚等3种药物驱后绵羊裸头科绦虫的排虫时间初步观察试验,为制定牧地净化措施提供依据。     

中药对高寒牧区绵羊绦虫驱虫效果观察

<正>甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县祁丰乡位于河西走廊西部、祁连山北麓,平均海拔约4 000 m,属高寒山地半干旱气候。当地的第一产业以放牧业为主,是我国高山细毛羊基地,在各种放牧的牲畜中,羊的数量占所有牲畜总数的90%左右。绦虫纲裸头科的曲子宫属、莫尼兹属和无卵黄腺属的绦虫常呈混合感染,在我国西北地区流行广泛,虫体在羊体内移行造成一定的机械损伤,长期生活在宿主体内夺取宿主营     

阿苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱除试验

裸头科绦虫是青海省放牧牛羊重要的肠道寄生虫之一,流行广,危害严重,羔羊、犊牛感染后常引起秋季大批死亡,特别对养羊业危害极大.20世纪80年代以来选用阿苯达唑片剂进行驱虫,防治效果满意,仍是目前防治家畜绦虫病的首选药物之一.     

马绦虫病的防治

正马绦虫病由裸头科的大裸头绦虫(Anoplocephala magna)和叶状裸头绦虫(A perfoliata);以及侏儒副裸头绦虫(Paranoplocephaia mamillana)引起的。上述三种绦虫只寄生于马属动物。大裸头绦虫寄生于小肠,特别是空肠,偶见于胃;叶状裸头绦虫寄生于小肠后段、盲肠前段和结肠;侏儒裸头绦虫寄生于小肠,特别是十二指肠,偶见于胃。这些绦虫对幼驹危害较重。     

Study on Infection of 4 Kinds of Internal Parasites in Yaks in Hongyuan and Litang County of Northwest Sichuan Province

To understand the infection of main internal parasites in yaks, total of 402 fecal samples of yaks were collected from Hongyuan county in Aba prefecture and Litang county in Ganzi prefecture, the morphological characteristics of 4 kinds of internal parasitic eggs or oocysts were observed and the numbers of them were counted using the modified Liao's counting method. The results showed that in yaks of Hongyuan county, the average infection intensities of EPG or OPG of nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and coccidian were 11.59, 23.77, 42.45 and 14.72, respectively, and the total number of infections was 92.53 (48.91 to 154.90); The average infection rates of eggs or oocysts of these 4 kinds of parasites were 18.01%, 36.62%, 44.68% and 17.37%, respectively, and the total infection rate was 76.39%, which proved that trematodes was the dominant parasitic species and cestodes was also an important one in this area. In yaks of Litang county, the average infection intensities of EPG or OPG of nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and coccidian were 52.38, 13.10, 20.24 and 1.19, respectively, and the total number of infections was 86.90, the average infection rates of eggs or oocysts of these 4 kinds of parasites were 52.38%,19.05%,23.81% and 2.38%, respectively, the total infection rate was 78.57%, which proved that nematodes was the dominant parasitic species in this area. The infection patterns of internal parasitic eggs or oocysts in yaks in Hongyuan and Litang county were all mainly the single and double infection, the sums of these two patterns were 69.31% and 78.57%, respectively, which accounted for 90.73% and 100% of the total infection rate, respectively. The results in this paper showed that the parasitic disease in yaks was still an important disease harmful to yak production and herdsman health, meanwhile these results enriched the epidemiological data of the internal parasitic disease of yaks in Northwest plateau of Sichuan province and provided a theory basis for prevention and control of parasitic diseases in yaks in this area.     

川西北红原县和理塘县牦牛4类体内寄生虫感染的研究

采集川西北阿坝州红原县和甘孜州理塘县总计402份牦牛粪便样本,采用廖氏计数法（改良）对4类常见体内寄生虫虫卵进行形态学观察并计数,以了解该地区牦牛体内寄生虫感染情况。结果表明,红原县牦牛体内线虫、绦虫、吸虫、球虫虫卵或卵囊（EPG或OPG）的平均感染量分别为11.59、23.77、42.45和14.72,总感染量为92.53（48.91~154.90）;平均感染率分别为18.01%、36.62%、44.68%、17.37%,总感染率为76.39%,表明吸虫是红原的优势寄生虫虫种,绦虫也是重要虫种。理塘县牦牛线虫、绦虫、吸虫、球虫的虫卵或卵囊（EPG或OPG）的感染量分别为52.38、13.10、20.24和1.19,总感染量为86.90;感染率分别为52.38%、19.05%、23.81%和2.38%,总感染率为78.57%,表明线虫为该地区的优势虫种。红原县和理塘县两地牦牛体内寄生虫虫卵感染主要以单一感染和二重感染为主,二者的总和分别为69.31%和78.57%,分别占总感染率的90.73%和100%。本研究结果证实牦牛寄生虫病目前仍是危害牦牛生产和当地牧民健康的一类重要疫病。该研究丰富了川西北高原地区牦牛体内寄生虫病的流行病学资料,为该地区牦牛寄生虫病的防控提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary observations on thein-vitro culture of metacestodes ofTaenia saginata

Metacestodes ofTaenia saginata were cultured in a diphasic medium consisting of a disrupted solid phase of coagulated calf serum and a fluid phase of hepes buffered RPMI-1640 enriched with sodium pyruvate and foetal calf serum. The growing tapeworms formed segments, which showed early development of sexual organs. This culture technique gave better results than methods using monophasic media or an intact solid phase when assessed in terms both of the survival of the cestodes and of five parameters measured at the end of the culture period.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of larval and adult cestode infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

A study on the prevalence and seasonal incidence of cestode parasite infections of sheep and goats was carried out in eastern Ethiopia for 2 years (May 2003-April 2005). During this period, viscera including liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and the gastro-intestinal tract were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at four abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga. At the abattoirs the abdominal, thoracic and pelvic cavities as well as the muscle surfaces of all animals were visually examined for the presence of larval (cystic) stages of cestode parasites. The viscera were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University and were examined for larval and adult cestodes following standard procedures. The most prevalent metacestodes (larval cestodes) were Cysticercus ovis (Taenia ovis), Cysticercus tenuicollis (T. hydatigena) and hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus). In sheep, the overall prevalence was 26% for C. ovis, 79% for C. tenuicollis, and 68% for hydatid cysts. Similarly, for goats, the corresponding prevalence was 22%, 53% and 65%, respectively. The difference between sheep and goats in prevalence of C. tenuicollis was significant. The high prevalence of hydatid cysts in both sheep and goats indicates that cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a public health problem in these regions which requires implementation of control measures, including public health education, strict meat inspection and control of stray dogs. The results of the survey also implies that infections of small ruminants with these metacestodes are responsible for condemnation of substantial quantities of affected organs and muscles and therefore of direct economic importance. Intestinal infections with adult tapeworms of Moniezia expansa, Avitellina centripunctata and Stilesia globipunctata, and bile duct infections with Stilesia hepatica were also common in both sheep and goats. In sheep, the overall prevalence of these tapeworms were 61%, 20%, 24% and 39%, respectively. Similarly, the overall prevalence of these parasites in goats was 53%, 21%, 27% and 36%, respectively.     

Cross-sectional study of risk factors for the clinical expression of ovine Johne's disease on New South Wales farms

OBJECTIVE: To explore the environmental and management risk factors that promote the clinical expression of ovine Johne's disease on farms in New South Wales. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PROCEDURE: A questionnaire about the farm, flock and their management was mailed to all farmers known to keep infected sheep in the area zoned residual for ovine Johne's disease in New South Wales. The resultant data were analysed by multivariate statistical methods, specifically examining the factors associated with farmers reporting some mortality due to ovine Johne's disease; the reported annual incidence of ovine Johne's disease-associated mortality; the youngest age at which sheep die from ovine Johne's disease; whether scouring was a feature of the disease; and the season of peak mortality from ovine Johne's disease. RESULTS: Fine wool Merino sheep were more likely to die from ovine Johne's disease than other sheep types. Mortality was higher on farms with light sandy soils and those with a high proportion of improved pastures containing subterranean clover. Winter shearing was also associated with clinical expression. The time that the infection had been present on a farm was not strongly associated with mortality. Higher stocking density, high rainfall and access to open water, factors that are believed to aid transmission, were not found to be influential. CONCLUSION: Clinical expression appears to be principally associated with light infertile soils and their associated pastures and pasture improvement practices which may lead to micronutrient deficiencies or imbalances. Genetic effects are also important and are likely to be exacerbated by physiological stressors, such as winter shearing.     

Epidemiological studies on equine cestodes in central Spain: infection pattern and population dynamics

An epidemiological study on equine cestodosis was carried out in central Spain. A total of 372 digestive tracts from equids slaughtered in abattoirs located in central Spain were studied from November 2001 to May 2004. Anoplocephala perfoliata was detected in 24% of the animals and Anoplocephala magna in 18%. Individual tapeworm burden was from 1 to 491 tapeworms for A. perfoliata and from 1 to 64 tapeworms for A. magna. Low tapeworm burdens (less than 30 cestodes) predominated significantly (p < 0.01) in all seasons for both species.

Seasonal prevalence of infection by A. perfoliata was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in autumn (37.5%) and winter (32.3%) than in spring (9.2%) and summer (10.8%). Immature tapeworms were detected throughout summer (11%), autumn (23.4%) and winter (26.6%), signalling a summer to winter risk period for tapeworm infection in our conditions. Mature non-gravid tapeworms were collected in all seasons, with a decreasing pattern from summer (89%) to spring (6.7%). Conversely, gravid tapeworms showed an increasing pattern, from 0 in summer to a maximum (93.3%) in spring. Since prevalence of infection was significantly higher in winter than in spring, winter seems to be the season when more eggs would be available to be eaten by mites. A. perfoliata infection was detected in three different periods throughout the 3 year study: autumn 2001–winter 2002, summer 2002–spring 2003 and autumn 2003–spring 2004. This epidemiological pattern seems to describe the dependence of A. perfoliata to humidity in warm dry climate. In our conditions, A. perfoliata appears to follow a pattern of having only one generation per year, with a marked dependence on humidity. According to the results, autumn rainfall would influence the length, and late spring rainfall the appearance, of each annual generation.

A. magna showed a different pattern. Infection was detected throughout the whole study period. Seasonal prevalence was higher in autumn (25.5%) than in winter (14.9%), spring (12.1%) and summer (10.5%), but the differences were not statistically significant. Non-gravid A. magna tapeworms could be detected almost throughout the year but percentages were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in autumn (50.2%), indicating recent ingestion, than in the other seasons (30% in summer, 12.8% in winter and 0% in spring). However, data from spring were not enough to discard the season as a risk period for A. magna infection.     

The ant,Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Mayr) as an intermediate host for the poultry cestode,Raillietina tetragona (Molin)

The role of several species of ants as intermediate hosts for poultry cestodes in the Sudan was investigated by a search for cysticercoids in specimens from poultry houses in various localities in the country. Pachycondyla sennaarensis, Messor galla and Acantholepis sp. were the only species collected from the areas surveyed. All these ants were examined for cysticercoids of poultry tapeworms but only P. sennaarensis was found to carry cysticercoids, all of which were identical to those of the poultry cestode, Raillietina tetragona. This tapeworm was recovered from all chicks fed the cysticercoids obtained from P. sennaarensis. R. tetragona cysticercoids were present in 63.3% of the P. sennaarensis sampled with 1–40 cysticercoids per ant, which is the heaviest recorded infestation of an ant species with these cysticeroids.     

A long-term study in Merino sheep experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: clinical disease, faecal culture and immunological studies

Two longitudinal experiments involving Merino sheep challenged with either bovine or ovine strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) have been conducted over a period of 54 and 35 months, respectively. Blood samples for the interferon-gamma test, the absorbed ELISA and faecal samples for bacteriological culture were taken pre-challenge and monthly post-challenge. Infections were induced with either a bovine or ovine strain of Map in separate experiments with infections being more easily established, in terms of faecal bacterial shedding and clinical disease when the challenge inoculum was prepared from gut mucosal tissue than cultured bacteria. The patterns of response for shedding and clinical disease were similar. Cell-mediated immune responses were proportionally elevated by at least an order of magnitude in all sheep dosed with either a bovine or ovine strain of Map. Conversely, antibody responses were only elevated in a relatively small proportion of infected sheep. Neither of the clinically affected tissue challenged sheep developed an antibody response despite the presence of persistent shedding and the development and decline in cell-mediated immunity. The results indicated that for sheep the interferon-gamma test may be useful for determining if a flock has been exposed to ovine Johne's disease.     

Dose-confirmation studies of the cestocidal activity of pyrantel pamoate paste in horses

Dose confirmation studies of the cestocidal activity of pyrantel pamoate paste were conducted at two sites in North America during 2001. Horses with naturally-acquired cestode infections were identified by detection of typical Anoplocephala spp. eggs in feces collected between 7 and 92 days prior to treatment. Twenty and 22 horses were enrolled at Site 1 (Urbana, IL) and Site 2 (Knoxville, TN), respectively. Candidate horses were acclimated to study conditions for 14 days, ranked by length of interval since coprologic confirmation, and allocated randomly to one of two treatment groups: (T1) pyrantel pamoate paste 13.2mg pyrantel base per kilogram body weight administered orally, and (T2) untreated controls. Individual doses of pyrantel pamoate paste were prepared on the basis of contemporaneous body weights and administered to Group T1 horses on Day 0. Trained personnel monitored the animals at regular intervals after treatment to detect potential adverse reactions. Horses were euthanatized and necropsied 10-12 days after treatment. The contents of the large and small intestines were collected, and the walls of each organ were rinsed with water and inspected. Attached cestodes were recovered and preserved in 10% formalin. The intestinal contents and rinsed ingesta were washed over a #10-mesh (2mm aperture) sieve and tapeworms were extracted and preserved. Recovered cestodes were counted and examined at 1-4x magnification for identification to genus and species. At Site 1, specimens of Anoplocephala perfoliata were recovered from seven of 10 control horses, and from one of 10 horses treated with pyrantel pamoate. Mean cestode numbers were 4.52 in the control group and 0.07 for treated horses. At Site 2, cestodes were found in 10 of 11 controls (mean 26.2) and in five of 11 horses (mean 1.2) treated with pyrantel pamoate. In both studies, Group T1 means were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.005). The calculated efficacies were 98.4 and 95.5% at Sites 1 and 2, respectively. In two dose-confirmation studies, a single, oral treatment of pyrantel pamoate paste (19.13% w/w pyrantel base) at 13.2mg/kg was >or=95.5% effective against A. perfoliata in naturally-infected horses.     

Epidemiology of ovine Campylobacter infection determined by numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein profiles

The relationship of 50 Campylobacter strains isolated from aborted ovine foetuses, and the faeces of sheep, cattle and chickens were determined by numerical analysis of electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) protein profiles. Comparison of protein patterns by numerical methods revealed differences between C. fetus ssp. fetus, C. jejuni, and C. coli strains as well as heterogeneity among isolates from different outbreaks. Isolates from each farm produced a distinct cluster and flocks from different locations were found to be infected with relatively different strains. In most cases, protein patterns of ovine foetal isolates were very similar to those of ovine faecal isolates. Ovine isolates of C. fetus ssp. fetus, C. jejuni and C. coli gave similar protein patterns to the corresponding Campylobacter species isolated from cattle or chicken, on the same farm. Thus, it was concluded that certain protein types of ovine Campylobacter strains were more likely associated with local areas, and Campylobacter strains causing ovine abortions are distributed in the environment more widely than assumed to date.