Using Garbage Incinerator in Recycling Disposal of Fly Ash Technology Research

The technology of incinerator fly ash as the main material and the core carbonaceous reducing agent, and the necessary absorption of chlorine and catalyst made of composite pellets, Into the garbage incineration furnace temperature reduction decomposition of dioxin, heavy metal forming glassy slag. The fly ash harmless treatment, fly ash in the incineration plant in their complete closed circulation waste disposal to achieve, Provides the optimum technical route for the treatment of MSW fly ash.     

Stabilization Index System of Simple Landfill

As the MSW (municipal solid waste) of the counties or towns in the Three Gorges areas is simply piled up, the piling-up yard has occupied large amount of land and will pollute the earth and water environment. So it is very important to judge whether a MSW piling-up yard is stabilized for the lands' reuse and pollution prevention. The accuracy of judgment depends on the index system of stabilization. The index system is established and the correlation between lixivium COD, organic matter, age of piling-up etc., are also analyzed. The index system is confirmed and the evaluation standard is also established.     

Pollution Control and Ecological Reclamation of MSW Dumping Sites

Dumping sites, which are still the main disposal facilities for municipal solid wastes (MSW) in China, have caused severe environmental pollution. It is urgent to upgrade or reclaim these dumping sites to reduce their environmental risks. In this paper, the management and technological aspects for pollution abatement to these dumping sites, as well as the latest practices were summarized and discussed.     

油料作物对重金属污染农田土壤修复的研究进展

土壤是人类赖以生存和农业生产的重要物质基础,但随着社会经济的高速发展和人类生活强度的增加,造成土壤重金属污染问题突出,土壤污染面积不断扩大。植物修复由于具有经济有效,生态友好,成本低的优点,已成为当今环境科学领域的一个研究热点,采用油料作物对重金属污染的土壤进行修复,不但能有效的降低土壤中的重金属,而且又能维持土地的价值属性,带来一定的经济价值而且易于推广。笔者通过对常见油料作物修复重金属污染农田土壤的效果进行综述,并对油料作物修复土壤后植物残体的处理以及作物籽粒出油后粕饼的进一步处理和综合利用做了探讨,通过飞灰溶融处理技术对植物残体进行处理,既能有效避免重金属的二次污染,并且实现对资源二次利用的目的。最后对油料作物在重金属污染土壤修复中的研究做了展望。     

Effects of Cement Additives on Properties of CSA Cement from MSWI

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI) was successfully used as raw material in sintering and preparing a calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker in laboratory. The effects of different types and different addition percentages of cement additives on compressive strength and hydration properties were investigated. The results showed that lime (LI) powder / slag (SL) powder was compatible in CSA cement system while the activities of fly ash(FA)/ MSWI was low. Adding these four types of cement additives in CSA cement system respectively, there were negative effects on compressive strengths of hardened cement at early age while LI/SL improved the compressive strength at later age. The performance of combined additives was better, especially, the specimens with 10%LI+10%SL, 10%LI+10%MSWI, and 5%LI+15%SL.     

Solid Waste Management Information System Based on GIS in Chongqing

The large quantity of MSW (municipal solid waste) and ISW (industrial sold waste) piled up in Chongqing has been threatening ecological environment and water resource. Efficient management is the important guarantee of disposing solid waste. This paper describes the data system of Management Information System of the Solid Waste in Chongqing based on the GIS, construction of information database, overall structure, main functions, etc. Integrating related solid waste technology with computer and geographical system, it can provide the reliable, scientific and convenient management and decision-making support of solid waste in Chongqing. The information system, developed by means of Geographical Information System (GIS) on the basis of a great deal of data and graphs of solid waste of Chongqing, includes six sub-systems as follows:data input sub-system;data query sub-system;database management and maintenance sub-system;database of modal management sub-system;application and output sub-system;system management. This system provides friendly and easy operational interface, and plays a significant role in the disposal and management of solid waste in Chongqing.     

Experimental Simulation of Landfill Gas Production from MSW Co-disposed with Wastewater Sludge

In this paper, the landfill gas generation process was investigated by a landfill lysimeter of municipal solid waste (MSW) co-disposed with wastewater sludge. The experimental results show that the wastewater sludge played a role of inoculation in MSW degradation process and accelerated organic waste decomposition. Compared with the MSW landfill alone, the landfill gas generation rate of MSW co-disposed with sludge was higher by about 30%. The average CH 4 content in landfill gas reached 64%, which was much higher than in case of MSW landfill alone and useful for landfill gas utilization. It is also proved that co-disposal of sludge with MSW is a good choice for beneficial use of sludge.     

Fuzzy Assessment of MSW Disposal Technologies

Three disposal technologies have their own advantages, and meanwhile disadvantages. Facing a special case, it is difficult to choose a proper one. By integrated analysis to three main technologies, a relatively integrated index system is established. Then by means of fuzzy mathematics (quantify and synthetically analyze the index system, make it unitary) ,a final general assessing model is founded. Finally, the paper takes a planning MSW(municipal solid waste) plant as an example, uses a two-level fuzzy assessment model with three groups of assessing factors,which include economical, environmeutal and the other factors, and concludes that composting is the most appropriate choice.     

Experimental Analysis High calcium Fly Ash Geopolymers Solidification/Stablization of Heavy Metals

Utilization of high calcium fly ash geopolymer to solidify/stabilize heavy metals was explored. The solidification/stabilization effectiveness of heavy metals was studied using static and dynamic leaching experiments. Additionally, transferring mechanism and long term safety of heavy metals in geopolymer were also investigated. The results show that the leaching concentrations of heavy metals from the solidified/stabilized matrix were far lower than the limit values, and all the solidified/stabilized ratios of heavy metals reached 98% when the geopolymer solidified/stabilized 0.025% Pb(II), 0.025% Cr(VI), and 0.01% Hg(II), respectively. The results Dynamic leaching experiment show that real time leaching concentrations of heavy metals were lower than allowable maximum values, and the accumulated leaching concentrations became stable after 72 h. After dynamic leaching experiment, the radial distributions of heavy metals in geopolymer specimens were similar. Effective diffusion coefficient and dynamic leaching ratios of heavy metals from geopolymer were very low, and this geopolymer has a good long term safety.     

Combustion characteristics of combustible of municipal solid wasteanalyzed by thermogravimetry

We analyze the combustion characteristics of single component samples and mixed samples of municipal solid waste (MSW) using thermogravimetry. The ignition temperature, burnout temperature and comprehensive combustion characteristic parameters are obtaine     

Sustainable Development and Municipal Solid Waste Disposal

Human beings are facing a lot of social, economical and environmental problems, so in 21st century, the sustainable development becomes inevitable choice of human beings. The current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the merits and shortcomings of sanitation landfill, composting, incineration have been expatiated in this paper. If the MSW has been disposed according to the principle of reduction, harmless and resource transformation, the sound base for our country's sustainable development in 21st century will be set.     

MSW Treatment Techniques Informative for Chongqing

On the basis of the geographic, climatic characteristics and air pollution conditions of Chongqing city, referring to the application and development of Municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment techniques developed recently in advanced countries and other domestic cities, Varieties of MSW treatment techniques, incineration, landfill, composting, and comprehensive utilization, are analyzed in comparison. Their applying prospects and limitations in Chongqing are marked out.     

污泥与城市生活垃圾混填的力学特性及稳定性

工业污水和生活污水排放量日益增多,污水处理厂污泥产量日趋加大,污泥填埋关键技术问题已成为当今环境工程以及环境岩土工程的热点问题之一。污泥和垃圾混合填埋在其他国家已得到应用,但由于目前中国关于污泥及其城市生活垃圾混合样的基础性室内试验成果不多,对污泥与城市垃圾混合样的工程力学特性及其混合填埋的适宜比例等不甚了解,从而导致中国污泥垃圾混合填埋工程事故频繁发生。对不同配比的污泥与城市生活垃圾混合样进行了固结压缩实验、三轴固结不排水实验、无侧限抗压强度实验,得出污泥与城市生活垃圾混合样的工程力学特性;同时,用ANSYS数值模拟方法,对不同配合比的污泥城市生活垃圾混合填埋边坡的稳定性进行分析,从而对污泥与城市生活垃圾混合填埋的适宜配合比及其稳定安全问题提出理论支撑。     

Degradation Settlement Model of Municipal Solid Wastewith the Degradation Rate

By the law of conservation of mass, one dimensional municipal solid waste(MSW) degradation model was proposed with considering the degradation and density fluctuation, the relationship between density, quality and volume and the degradation characteristics obtained from the degradation test.With the analysis, it was found that the settlement of degradation was positive proportional with the following three elements: the volume percentage of organic matter, the rate of degradation and the initial height.As a case study, the degradation settlement of Chongqing MSW landfill was predicted.And it was found that the relationship between the settlement and the time showed exponential attenuation trend, in which the degradation settlement of MSW landfill was large in the initial stages, and then it gradually stabilized with the time.     

Carbohydrates of municipal solid wastes as aggregation factor of soils

Changes in the structural stability of soil when is treated with an uncomposted municipal solid waste (MSW) have been studied in a calcareous soil from South East of Spain.The structural improvement was related to carbohydrate content of the soil and the correlation coefficient was calculated. The equation corresponds to a second grade curve.Maximum of the curve is explained by simultaneous presence of molecules with different capacity to create or stabilize aggregates in the pool of soil carbohydrates.     

中国城市污泥的性质和处置方式及土地利用前景

中国城市污泥产量巨大且成分复杂,如何对它进行合理利用已越来越受人们关注,若处置利用不当会对环境造成二次污染。笔者系统地阐述了中国城市污泥的性质、处置方式与利用现状,讨论了中国城市污泥土地利用的可行性和发展前景。认为将污泥作为肥料或土壤改良剂进行土地修复、林业利用、城市绿化和农田利用是中国城市污泥处置与利用的有效途径,并具有很好的前景。     

城市生活垃圾堆放对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响

为了探究城市生活垃圾堆放对土壤细菌群落结构组成、多样性和功能的影响,通过高通量测序技术,哈尔滨市双城区垃圾堆放土壤和距离垃圾堆放50 m的土壤细菌群落结构进行分析及功能预测。结果表明：对照组和处理组分别得到85435和76432条有效序列;相较于未堆放土壤,堆放生活垃圾的土壤细菌Chao1指数降低14.47%,细菌Shannon指数降低15.01%;在细菌门分类水平上,2组土壤的优势门类均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria),但相对丰度具有显著差异,其中绿弯菌门增加幅度最大,为7.0%;而拟杆菌门减少幅度最大,为12.6%;优势属类为黄单胞菌属和硫化细菌属的相对丰度最高。其中硫化细菌属(Bacillus)相对于对照组增加4.3%。PICRUSt预测结果表明,6个代谢通路中有41个KEGG二级功能群,其中氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢为2组样品在二级功能群的优势功能,垃圾堆放对功能基因丰度影响显著。由此可见,垃圾堆放对土壤细菌丰度和多样性产生负面影响,对细菌群落的相对丰度具有显著影响,而且对功能产生显著影响,此结果对于阐明垃圾堆放后土壤质量提供理论数据。     

洪泽湖输沙淤积、底泥理化特性及重金属污染变化特征分析

基于洪泽湖近20年来的相关研究,对洪泽湖输沙量和底泥的分布特征及理化性质各指标的含量等数据进行了搜集处理和分析。统计和分析了相关理化性质的空间特征分布与变化趋势,洪泽湖入湖输沙量大于出湖输沙量,呈淤积状态;对洪泽湖底泥中的总氮、总磷、重金属等进行了评价,重金属大部分元素达到土壤评价二级标准,重金属污染属于重污染,与镉浓度含量超标有关。提出了防治洪泽湖底泥污染的措施。     

固化污泥对渗滤液中氟阻滞作用的数值分析

固化污泥是一种新型填埋场底部防渗阻滞材料,为论证其防渗阻滞作用的有效性,需进行典型污染物的穿透试验,但由于固化污泥渗透性很低,采用常规土柱试验很难得到污染物透过其迁移时的相关参数。为解决该问题,用柔性壁渗透试验代替传统土柱试验。渗滤液中污染成分较多,取含量较高且较易穿透的污染物即氟离子作为典型污染物,首先进行穿透试验获得迁移参数,然后结合二维有限元法研究分析其在防渗阻滞层及周边岩土环境中60 a内的运动迁移范围、浓度分布情况,并对比分析未设防渗阻滞层的情况。研究表明,在填埋场底部设置固化污泥防渗层对于以氟为代表的阴性污染物有较好的延迟阻滞作用。由于阳性污染物的穿透能力较阴性污染物弱,因而固化污泥防渗层对重金属等阳性污染物也应具有较强的阻滞作用,从而能进一步延迟填埋场渗滤液对周边环境的污染。     

城市污泥农用处置研究进展

城市污泥的处置方式主要有农业利用、陆地填埋、焚烧和排海。城市污泥中含有大量的植物营养元素,其土地利用能改善土壤的理化性质,提高作物产量,减少污泥对环境的二次污染,从而实现污泥的资源化、无害化、稳定化和减量化处置目标。虽然城市污泥中含有重金属等有害物质,但大量研究表明,经过无害化处理的城市污泥适量施用不会对土壤环境和作物品质造成影响。城市污泥的农林利用已成为最具潜力的污泥处置方式。