洛阳地区宠物犬隐孢子虫病分子流行病学调查

为了解河南省洛阳市宠物犬感染隐孢子虫情况,试验采集宠物医院、宠物养殖场和宠物店的犬只粪便样品362份,其中<3月龄犬只粪便样品93份,4～6月龄犬只粪便样品103份,6月龄～1岁犬只粪便样品71份,>1岁犬只粪便样品95份。对采集的粪便样品提取DNA,设计隐孢子虫SSU rRNA基因引物,对DNA样品进行巢氏PCR扩增。PCR扩增得到的阳性产物测序后进行同源性分析及遗传进化分析。结果表明：宠物犬隐孢子虫总感染率为4.42%,其中宠物店犬的感染率最高,为8.16%,宠物医院、宠物犬养殖场和宠物店间隐孢子虫感染率差异不显著(χ²=1.88,P>0.05);<3月龄犬的感染率为9.68%,显著高于其他年龄群(1.05%～3.88%,χ²=9.14,P<0.05);16份样品SSU rRNA序列与国内分离于动物及人体的犬隐孢子虫核苷酸相似性为97.4%～100%,其中与河南省犬源分离株(登录号EU754832)、广东省人源分离株(登录号KC734571)和犬源分离株(登录号MN696800)的核苷酸相似性达100%;16...     

I型犬腺病毒黑龙江株(CAV-H)的分离、鉴定及致弱的研究

为研究犬腺病毒(CAV)致弱疫苗的免疫原性,本研究将病犬的组织样品接种于MDCK细胞内,进行病毒分离及鉴定。鉴定结果显示,分离的病毒在MDCK细胞内产生明显的细胞病变(CPE),电镜下可见典型的腺病毒粒子;回归动物试验显示,该分离株可导致犬出现明显的CAV感染症状;PCR鉴定结果表明分离的病毒为CAV,命名为CAV-H株;将CAV-H株接种MDCK细胞连续传代至110代,在传代过程中,病毒滴度由初始105.0 TCID50/0.1 mL上升至107.0 TCID50/0.1 mL,而CAV对犬的致病力逐渐降低;免疫效力试验结果表明,CAV-H可对同源强毒攻击的犬提供完全的免疫保护作用,可作为理想的疫苗候选毒株。     

两株新疆新城疫强毒株的分离与鉴定

从新疆乌鲁木齐市郊区疑似新城疫的发病鸡场采集了2份病料,处理后接种鸡胚和非免疫鸡分离鉴定病毒,同时检测病毒血凝特性,观察病毒形态并测定病毒致病力。试验结果表明,分离株均能致死鸡胚,非免疫鸡出现典型的鸡新城疫病病理变化;分离毒株均有血凝特性,而且可被新城疫阳性血清所抑制;病毒形态结构与鸡新城疫病毒一致;EID50分别为10-8.0/0.1mL、10-8.6/0.1mL,MDT分别为57.6h、52.8h,ICPI分别为1.875、1.925,IVPI分别为2.39、2.82,均有很强的致病力,符合NDV强毒株的毒力标准。所有结果显示,以上2个分离株均为新城疫强毒力毒株。病毒免疫原性结果显示,2株病毒均有有良好的免疫原性,同源保护率分别为90%、80%。     

湖南娄底市犬弓首蛔虫流行状况及线粒体cox1和nad4序列变异分析

为了解湖南省娄底市犬弓首蛔虫流行状况及虫株遗传变异情况，本试验于2021年3—9月对该地区368份犬粪便和104份环境(土壤和水源)样品的犬弓首蛔虫污染情况进行调查；对9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列进行扩增、测序与分析。结果显示：被调查的犬粪便和环境样品的犬弓首蛔虫虫卵检出率分别为13.59%(50/368)和18.27%(19/104);其中宠物犬(11.74%)较流浪犬(17.36%)来源粪便样品检出率低，公园来源土壤样品(9.09%)较小区来源样品(3.92%)检出率高；9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列长度分别为424 bp和1 197 bp,核苷酸序列同源性为99.4%～100.0%和98.7%～100.0%,与其他具有代表性蛔虫分离株对应序列同源性均低于90%;9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列核苷酸多样性分别为0.007±0.002和0.006±0.003。结果表明湖南娄底市犬弓首蛔虫分离株遗传变异较低，但虫卵流行状况严重，且存在于公共环境中，对人类健康造成潜在威胁。     

一株H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

为调查南京地区猪流感流行情况,本研究于2011年2月～5月期间从南京某屠宰场采集健康猪的鼻拭子和肺脏组织样品共690份,常规无菌处理后进行RT-PCR检测,将检测为阳性的样品接种9日龄～11日龄SPF鸡胚分离猪流感病毒(STV).对分离株进行血凝试验、EID50测定、HA及NA基因测序分析和感染小鼠及猪体试验.结果有18份样品RT-PCR显示为SIV阳性,但只有一株可在SPF鸡胚中稳定增殖.该病毒分离株具有凝集0.5％鸡红细胞的活性,EID50为10-6.32/0.1 mL,基因测序显示其HA、NA基因片段均与09年H1N1型流感流行株A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)高度同源,将其命名为A/Swine/Nanjing/50/2011 (H1N1).小鼠人工感染试验表明该分离株可引起小鼠死亡(3/10),猪体人工感染实验显示该分离株还能够引发猪体明显的流感症状及肺部病变.该病毒的分离鉴定及HA、NA基因序列分析为进一步调查SIV的流行规律提供了基础数据.     

一株H3N2亚型犬流感病毒的分离与进化分析

2012年从南京市某宠物医院采集的20份犬鼻拭子中分离到1株犬流感病毒(Canine influenza virus,CIV),命名为A/Canine/Nanjing/11/2012(H3N2)。该病毒分离株的血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)效价为28,鸡胚半数感染量(median embryo infective dose,EID50)和最小致死量平均死亡时间(mean death time,MDT)分别为10-7.60/0.1 m L和69.6 h/10-4。血凝素(HA)基因、神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NA)基因和核蛋白(necleoprotein,NP)基因的系统发育进化树均显示该分离株CIV位于禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)亚群中,并与H3N2亚型CIV辽宁分离株和黑龙江分离株位于同一分支上,具有最近的亲缘关系(HA基因的同源性为99.5%~99.6%,NA基因的同源性为99.0%~99.2%,NP基因的同源性为99.1%~99.3%)。氨基酸序列分析显示,该病毒分离株与其他犬流感病毒分离株的HA、NA和NP氨基酸序列存在个别位点的突变。     

犬细小病毒黑龙江株(CPV-YN)的分离、鉴定及致弱的研究

为研制犬细小病毒(CPV)致弱疫苗,本研究通过将犬的组织样品接种CRFK细胞进行病毒分离,并对分离毒株进行了一系列鉴定。鉴定结果显示,分离的病毒在CRFK细胞上可产生明显的细胞病变(CPE),并且电镜下可以观察到典型的细小病毒粒子;HA效价可达到1∶256。回归动物试验显示该分离株可导致犬出现明显的CPV感染症状,PCR鉴定也进一步确定所分离的病毒为CPV(命名为CPV-YN株)。将CPV-YN株接种CRFK细胞连续传代至110代,在传代过程中,病毒的滴度逐渐提高,由初始的105.5 TCID50/0.1 mL逐渐增加到107.1 TCID50/0.1 mL。同时,CPV对犬的致病力逐渐降低。免疫效力试验结果表明,CPV-YNR可以对用同源强毒攻击的犬提供免疫保护作用,可作为理想的疫苗候选病毒株。     

一株犬种布鲁氏菌的鉴定及毒力测定

对分离到的一株疑似犬种布鲁氏菌进行生物特性和基因型鉴定,并用宿主实验动物(比格犬)测定了最小感染量和脾含菌量。通过形态与染色特性、培养特性、血清学特性、生化特性鉴定,及Multi-PCR、16S rRNA测序,表明该分离株为犬种布鲁氏菌,其对比格犬的最小感染剂量为10₅?CFU/ mL,对应的脾含菌量为4×10₅-3×10₆?CFU/g。     

犬细小病毒北京分离株的鉴定及其全基因组序列分析

首先对疑似犬细小病毒(CPV)感染的病犬粪便进行特异性PCR扩增,经目的片段测序分析,初步证明为CPV感染。将该病犬粪便处理物接种F81细胞,自第3代起,细胞出现典型CPE。对该株病毒进行电镜观察、理化特性试验、HA-HI及基因型等方面鉴定,证明该分离株为CPV,命名为CPV/BJ-L1株。该分离株的血凝效价为1∶512,其血凝性能被特异性抗体抑制;Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒TCID_(50)为10-5.15/0.1 mL;电镜观察可见25nm左右的病毒颗粒;动物回归试验显示,攻毒犬能复制出CPV的典型临床症状和病理变化;对分离株的全基因组(包含两端完整的发夹结构序列)进行克隆、测序与分析。结果表明,BJ-L1为CPV-2a亚型,与GenBank中的21株CPV全基因序列核苷酸同源性为98.8%~99.8%,且与国内近期分离毒株高度同源。对2006-2014年北京市CPV分离株VP2基因进行序列分析,结果显示,CPV流行株的变异具有某种时间相关性。     

一株输入性猫传染性腹膜炎病毒的分离鉴定和遗传特征分析

从北京地区临床疑似传染性腹膜炎患猫的粪便和腹水样品中分离猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(Feline infectious peritonitis virus, FIPV),共采集10份样品进行RT-PCR检测,并接种MDCK细胞进行病毒分离和鉴定。结果表明：10份样品的RT-PCR检测结果均为FIPV阳性,将样品接种MDCK细胞并经连续传代培养,成功分离到一株FIPV,经鉴定属于FCoV-Ⅱ血清型,将其命名为FIPV/BJ01株;该毒株可以在MDCK细胞上增殖并产生典型的细胞病变,病毒滴度为105.5TCID50/0.1mL;S和N基因的核苷酸与其他毒株的同源性分别为63.3%~99.4%和45.5%~992%,均与美国毒株同源性较高,而与中国毒株的同源性较低。     

蛋鸡新城疫病毒的分离与初步鉴定

采用鸡胚接种法从河北一些蛋鸡场分离到3株病毒,分别标号为WJ1、WJF2和WJF3.经血凝、血凝抑制试验及血清学中和试验鉴定3株分离毒株均为新城疫病毒;鸡胚半数致死量测定,WJ1株毒价为107.3ELD50/0.1 mL,WJ2株和WJ3株毒价分别为107.9ELD50/0.1 mL.动物回归试验鸡的临床表现与自然病例基本一致.再用分离毒攻ND Ⅳ系疫苗免疫鸡,显示ND Ⅳ系疫苗可以保护WJ1和WJ3分离毒株,而不能保护WJ2分离毒株.     

新型鸭肝炎病毒的分离鉴定及VP1基因序列分析

为了解新型鸭肝炎病毒(N-DHV)的变异情况,本实验从广西、河南、山东临床发病鸭体内分离到3株病毒.通过RT-PCR检测为N-DHV.将分离株进行鸭胚传代培养,并测定鸭胚毒的ELD50为10-3.29/0.2 mL～10-465/0.2 mL.以1型和N-DHV阳性血清分别与分离株进行血清交叉中和试验,结果表明,Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒(DHV-1)阳性血清对分离株无保护性.动物回归试验表明,分离株致死雏鸭的临床症状和病变与DHV-1相同,分离株的致死率为30％～70％.将分离株接种鸡胚,不产生任何病变,在鸡胚成纤维细胞中连续传5代后,细胞产生明显、规律的病变.扩增3株分离株的VP1基因,并进行氨基酸序列比对,结果表明3个分离株与DHV-C的同源性最高,与DHV-A的同源性最低,并存在氨基酸的插入和缺失.本实验表明3个分离株与韩国N-DHV属于同一血清型.     

安徽地区IBDV超强毒株的分离鉴定和VP2基因序列分析

经鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)接种、易感鸡接种试验、电镜观察,从安徽地区疑似病鸡的法氏囊组织分离到3株传染性法氏囊病毒。分离株人工感染4周龄鸡,致死率分别为92%、83%、67%。接种9～10SPF鸡胚测得的鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)分别为10-6.8/0.2mL、10-5.4/0.2mL、10-4.6/0.2mL。应用Nested-PCR分别对3株分离株VP2基因高变区进行克隆测序和序列分析,结果表明:3个分离株与国内外参考超强毒株的核苷酸同源性为97.2%～99.5%,氨基酸同源性为99.3%～100%,VP2高变区核苷酸和推导的氨基酸符合传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株特征。     

鸭源新城疫病毒的分离鉴定

从病死肉鸭肝脏中分离到2株病毒(ZH1、ZH2),均能够凝集鸡、肉鸭、绵羊、山羊、猪、人、兔、牛等的红细胞,且这种血凝性可被NDV标准阳性血清所抑制.参照NDV毒力判定标准及其方法对分离毒株ZH1、ZH2进行了鸡胚最小致死量平均死亡时间(MDT)、鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)以及1日龄鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)测定,结果ZH1、ZH2株的MDT为52 h和44 h,EID50为106.4/0.1mL和108.64/0.1mL,ICPI为1.93和1.975.表明这2株分离病毒均为NDV强毒株.     

No evidence of horizontal infection in horses kept in close contact with dogs experimentally infected with canine influenza A virus (H3N8)

Background

Since equine influenza A virus (H3N8) was transmitted to dogs in the United States in 2004, the causative virus, which is called canine influenza A virus (CIV), has become widespread in dogs. To date, it has remained unclear whether or not CIV-infected dogs could transmit CIV to horses. To address this, we tested whether or not close contact between horses and dogs experimentally infected with CIV would result in its interspecies transmission.

Methods

Three pairs of animals consisting of a dog inoculated with CIV (10^8.3 egg infectious dose₅₀/dog) and a healthy horse were kept together in individual stalls for 15 consecutive days. During the study, all the dogs and horses were clinically observed. Virus titres in nasal swab extracts and serological responses were also evaluated. In addition, all the animals were subjected to a gross pathological examination after euthanasia.

Results

All three dogs inoculated with CIV exhibited clinical signs including, pyrexia, cough, nasal discharge, virus shedding and seroconversion. Gross pathology revealed lung consolidations in all the dogs, and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the lesions. Meanwhile, none of the paired horses showed any clinical signs, virus shedding or seroconversion. Moreover, gross pathology revealed no lesions in the respiratory tracts including the lungs of the horses.

Conclusions

These findings may indicate that a single dog infected with CIV is not sufficient to constitute a source of CIV infection in horses.     

中药复方提取物对细胞抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染能力的影响

中药复方提取物经临床验证对预防猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型等引起的疾病有效。本试验测定细胞安全浓度范围内中药复方提取物对细胞抗PRRSV感染能力的影响。试验用中药主要成分为虎杖、女贞子、杠板归等。提取方法为水浸,旋转蒸发干燥。制成生药原液浓度为25mg／mL,稀释成2500、1250、625．0、312．5、156．25、78．13、39．06、19．53、9．77、4．88ug／mL。培养细胞选用Marc-145。试验方法：1）细胞培养液中加入0．1mL中药提取物培养2h后加入PRRSV病毒液0．1mL,培养72h;2）细胞培养液中加入病毒液0．1mL培养2h后加入中药提取物0．1mL,培养72h;3）同时将各浓度中药提取物0．1mL和病毒液0．1mL加入细胞培养液中;3种加药方式均设细胞对照和病毒对照,每个浓度设4～6个重复。结果表明,第1种加药方式下,19．53—2500ug／mL效果显著,其中39．06ug／mL效果最好;第2种加药方式下,156．25～2500ug／mL效果显著,1250ug／mL效果最佳;第3种方式下,19．53—2500ug／mL效果显著,2500ug／mL效果最好。这可能是中药复方提取物预防PRRSV感染的作用机制之一。     

禽肉产品中禽流感与新城疫多重PCR-DHPLC检测方法的建立

应用多重RT-PCR反应(mRT-PCR)结合变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术建立禽产品中禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒的快速检测方法。以禽流感病毒NP基因和新城疫病毒F基因各设计1对引物,经优化单相RT-PCR(sRT-PCR)反应体系,建立多重RT-PCR(mRT-PCR)同时检测禽流感和新城疫,其PCR扩增产物经DHPLC技术进行快速检测分析后,检测极限分别达10-0.5ELD50/0.1mL和10-1.5ELD50/0.1mL。与普通凝胶电泳比较,敏感性高2个数量级。特异性试验表明,mRT-PCR-DHPLC仅检测到禽流感病毒与新城疫病毒,而对其他5种禽类病原体和SPF鸡胚尿囊液均未检测到阳性吸收峰。所建立的方法检测不同亚型禽流感病毒29株、不同来源及不同毒力的新城疫病毒16株,结果与实时荧光定量PCR检测结果完全一致;与病原分离法同时检测人工感染鸡的组织脏器,两种方法检测禽流感的符合率为94.4%(34/36),检测新城疫的符合率为95.4%(21/22)。病原分离法的检出率虽高于DHPLC方法,但经统计学分析两者差异不显著,两种方法同时对27份进口鸡胗样品与90份棉拭子样品进行检测,阴性符合率为100%,可适用于进出口禽肉产品的检测。     

Vaccination of calves against bovine herpesvirus-1: assessment of the protective value of eight vaccines

Eight separate, but related experiments, were carried out in which groups of six calves were vaccinated with one of eight commercial vaccines. In each experiment the vaccinated calves were subsequently exposed to three calves infected with virulent bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). In each experiment, all infected donor calves developed a typical severe infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) infection and excreted virus in their nasal secretions of up to 10(8.00) TCID50/0.1 ml. One live BHV-1 gE-negative vaccine (A) and three modified live vaccines (B, C, D), administered intranasally, all protected against clinical disease. The calves vaccinated with one vaccine (C) also did not excrete virus in the nasal secretions, whereas the calves protected by vaccines A, B and D excreted virus in their nasal secretions but at low titres (10(0.66)-10(1.24) TCID50/0.1 ml). A fourth modified live vaccine (E), given intramuscularly, failed to prevent mild clinical disease in the calves which also excreted virus in the nasal secretions at titre of 10(1.00) TCID50/0.1 ml. An analogous result was given by the calves vaccinated with either of the two inactivated vaccines (F and G) or with a BHV-1 subunit vaccine (H). All calves developed mild clinical signs and excreted virus at titres of 10(2.20)-10(3.12) TCID50/0.1 ml. Calves vaccinated with C vaccine were subsequently given dexamethasone, following which virus was recovered from their nasal secretions. The virus isolates did not cause disease when calves were infected and appeared to be closely related to the vaccine strain.     

Evaluation of the ability of canarypox-vectored equine influenza virus vaccines to induce humoral immune responses against canine influenza viruses in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate canarypox-vectored equine influenza virus (EIV) vaccines expressing hemagglutinins of A/equine/Kentucky/94 (vCP1529) and A2/equine/Ohio /03 (vCP2242) for induction of antibody responses against canine influenza virus (CIV) in dogs. ANIMALS: 35 dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly allocated into 4 groups; group 1 (n = 8) and group 2 (9) were inoculated SC on days 0 and 28 with 1.0 mL (approx 10(5.7) TCID(50)) of vCP1529 and vCP2242, respectively. Dogs in group 3 (n = 9) were inoculated twice with 0.25 mL (approx 10(5.7) TCID(50)) of vCP2242 via the transdermal route. The 9 dogs of group 4 were control animals. All dogs were examined for adverse reactions. Sera, collected on days -1, 7, 13, 21, 28, 35, and 42, were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) assays for antibodies against CIV antigens A/Canine/FL/43/04-PR and A/Canine/NY/115809/05, respectively. RESULTS: Inoculations were tolerated well. The HI and VN antibodies were detected by 7 days after primary inoculation. Most dogs of groups 1 and 2 and all dogs of group 3 had detectable antibodies by 14 days after initial inoculation. The second inoculation induced an anamnestic response, yielding geometric mean HI titers of 139, 276, and 1,505 and VN titers of 335, 937, and 3,288 by day 42 (14 days after booster inoculation) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Canarypox-vectored EIV vaccines induce biologically important antibodies and may substantially impact CIV transmission within a community and be of great value in protecting dogs against CIV-induced disease.