不同饲养方式对河北柴鸡产蛋末期生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响

河北柴鸡，属于优良的蛋肉兼用(偏重蛋用)型地方品种。其蛋黄颜色深，胆固醇含量低。属于营养价值较高的绿色食品。然而在规模化放养过程中，一些地区出现了产蛋末期生产性能下降．并且维持在一个较低水平(20％～30％)的问题，而饲料价格大幅上涨．造成了养殖户入不敷出．带来了严重的经济损失，使生产难以为继。本试验旨在探讨“笼养 补草”和放养两种不同的饲养方式对河北柴鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响．在保证鸡蛋品质的前提下充分发掘河北柴鸡产蛋末期的生产潜力，为提高养鸡的经济效益提供参考数据。     

不同饲养方式对河北柴鸡产蛋末期生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响

河北柴鸡,属于优良的蛋肉兼用(偏重蛋用)型地方品种。其蛋黄颜色深,胆固醇含量低,属于营养价值较高的绿色食品。然而在规模化放养过程中,一些地区出现了产蛋末期生产性能下降,并且维持在一个较低水平(20%￣30%)的问题,而饲料价格大幅上涨,造成了养殖户入不敷出,带来了严重的经济损失,使生产难以为继。本试验旨在探讨“笼养+补草”和放养两种不同的饲养方式对河北柴鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,在保证鸡蛋品质的前提下充分发掘河北柴鸡产蛋末期的生产潜力,为提高养鸡的经济效益提供参考数据。1材料与方法1.1实验动物的选取与分组选取478日龄人…     

不同补饲量对河北柴鸡产蛋末期生产性能、经济效益和蛋品质的影响

河北柴鸡属于优良的蛋肉兼用（偏重蛋用）型地方品种。其蛋黄颜色深，胆固醇含量低，属于营养价值较高的绿色食品。然而在规模化放养过程中，一部分养殖户为了节约开支，缩减补饲量，使鸡群长期处于一种半饥饿状态，直接影响了柴鸡的生产性能，产蛋率降低，经济效益上不去，久之便形成了一种恶性循环，给养殖户带来了严重的经济损失。此次试验旨在探讨3种不同的补饲量对河北柴鸡产蛋末期生产性能、经济效益和蛋品质的影响，目的是在提高河北柴鸡产蛋性能的同时，降低饲料报酬，提高养鸡的经济效益。     

河北柴鸡第二世代成年体尺、屠宰性能及蛋品质测定分析

河北柴鸡作为河北省的优良蛋肉兼用型地方品种,对其进行体尺、屠宰性能和蛋品质测定及分析是一项必不可少的工作.现将河北柴鸡选育的第二世代成年体尺、屠宰性能和蛋品质测定分析报道如下.     

河北柴鸡不同羽色类型蛋品质比较及相关分析

为了研究河北柴鸡不同羽色类型蛋品质,试验测定了300日龄河北柴鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋比重、蛋壳强度、哈氏单位、蛋黄比率、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比率等蛋品质的指标。结果表明:河北柴鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色以及蛋黄比率均较高,河北柴鸡的蛋品质优良,其中蛋比重、哈氏单位、蛋黄比率等在不同羽色间存在极显著差异;相关分析,蛋重与蛋黄比率之间、蛋比重与蛋壳厚度之间、哈氏单位与蛋黄比率之间、蛋壳厚度与蛋壳比率之间均存在显著相关,可作为河北柴鸡选种的依据。     

饲粮钙水平对散养北京油鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本文研究了散养条件下,产蛋期不同饲粮钙水平对北京油鸡产蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响.选取300只体重无显著差异的19周龄北京油鸡蛋鸡,随机分为3组(组1～3),每组100只,均饲以玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮.每阶段均采取单因素设计,预产期(19～21周)饲粮钙水平分别为2.0％、1.8％和1.9％,产蛋前期(22～43周)和产蛋后期(44～65周)钙水平分别为3.0％、2.5％和2.75％.测定每阶段内各组平均采食量、产蛋率、料蛋比、死淘率,以及产蛋中期、后期的鸡蛋品质.结果表明:散养条件下,预产期北京油鸡饲粮中钙水平为2.0％时,产蛋率显著高于其它两组(P＜0.05);产蛋前期,饲粮中钙水平为2.75％时能够满足鸡只生产性能和鸡蛋品质需要,而饲粮中钙水平为3.0％时才能满足产蛋后期生产性能和鸡蛋品质需要.     

松针粉对柴鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

研究以生产纯天然类胡萝卜素富集蛋为目的,在基础日粮中添加松针粉,研究其对柴鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响,并确定松针粉的最佳添加量。选取120只健康和体质量约1.0 kg的160日龄柴鸡作为供试鸡,分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复10只鸡。在基础日粮中分别添加0、3%、5%和7%的松针粉。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲喂基础日粮中添加松针粉的柴鸡,平均蛋质量提高,并且差异显著(P0.05);蛋黄颜色罗氏值由7和8级提高至11和12级(P0.05),对其他鸡蛋品质影响不显著(P0.05)。基础日粮中松针粉的最适添加量为3%。因此,松针粉添加到日粮中能够改善蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质,提高饲料利用率,生产富含类胡萝卜素的营养型鸡蛋。     

鸡蛋品质分析与研究

1材料与方法1.1材料来源商品蛋鸡品种为海兰褐,全价饲料舍饲,3层全阶梯式笼养,所产的商品蛋于被测当日随机抽取30枚。柴鸡为河北地方柴鸡,无圈散养自由觅食,被测当日随机抽取柴鸡蛋30枚。1.2测定指标蛋品质指标:全鲜蛋重,鲜蛋蛋清、蛋黄、蛋壳部分各占全鲜蛋重的百分比,蛋形指数,蛋黄颜色,哈     

草原放养和笼养方式下鸡蛋品质与经济效益分析

本文采用对比分析方法,分析了草原放养柴鸡所产鸡蛋与集约化养殖所产鸡蛋的营养价值与经济效益差异,结果表明草原放养的柴鸡蛋品质高于笼养鸡蛋,且草原放养柴鸡的经济效益明显高于笼养鸡。     

河北省地方家禽遗传资源调查报告

正为做好河北省地方家禽遗传资源保护与开发利用工作,发展特色家禽养殖业,我们对全省地方家禽遗产资源进行了调查,现将情况报告如下:一、基本情况河北省地方家禽遗传资源在1985年调查时有太行鸡、坝上长尾鸡、河北白鹅和麻鸭4个品种,2006年2018年调查时只有太行鸡、坝上长尾鸡、河北白鹅3个品种,麻鸭已经灭绝。(一)太行鸡属于蛋肉兼用型,曾用名河北柴鸡、俗名柴鸡,是在当地自然生态     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.