微藻及酵母强化轮虫对河蟹蚤状幼体的影响

利用5株海洋微藻和酵母强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫投喂中华绒螫蟹蚤状幼体，记录其变态阶段、变态时间和成活率。研究结果表明：直链藻强化的轮虫投喂的蚤状幼体到大眼幼体的成活率最高(15．2％)，海水小球藻次之(11．5％)，酵母最差(0)；直链藻组的变态时间最短，优于其它海洋微藻及酵母。     

生物饵料在非洲斑节对虾溞状幼体培育中的应用

为研究活体生物饵料在非洲斑节对虾(Penaeus mondon)溞状幼体中的应用效果,试验使用牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocevos mueueri)和经牟氏角毛藻强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)替代商品螺旋藻粉(Spirulina platensis)投喂非洲斑节对虾溞状幼体,试验设置3组:对照组(A_0)采用传统的虾片与商品螺旋藻粉在溞状幼体阶段全程投喂;试验组A_1组以牟氏角毛藻替代商品螺旋藻粉投喂;试验组A_2组以牟氏角毛藻替代商品螺旋藻粉投喂,并在Z_2和Z_3期添加投喂经牟氏角毛藻强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫,每组设3个平行。结果表明:3组间溞状幼体成活率差异显著(P0.05),其中A_2组最高(73.9%),A_0组最低(51.4%);在溞状幼体变态时间上,3组间差异显著(P0.05),其中A_2组变态时间最短。试验表明,活体生物饵料替代商品螺旋藻粉有利于非洲斑节对虾溞状幼体培育,效果显著。     

褶皱臂尾轮虫对提高暗纹东方Du鱼苗成活率的作用

利用褶皱臂尾轮虫和暗纹东方Ｄｕ鱼苗在５‰的咸淡水中都能够存活的特点。用面包苯酵母培育褶皱臂尾轮虫经海水小球藻强化培育后在５‰的盐度条件下投喂暗纹东方Ｄｕ鱼苗。结果表明,褶皱臂尾轮虫较之淡水轮虫可使暗纹东方Ｄｕ鱼成活率显著提高。     

两品系褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增长及投喂河蟹苗效果的研究

采用实验生态学方法对两品系褶皱臂尾轮虫(内蒙品系和盘锦品系)的种群增长和投喂蟹苗的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明,两品系轮虫的种群增长差异不显著,两者平均瞬时增长率分别为0.42 d-1和0.40 d-1。在投喂蟹苗的效果方面,褶皱臂尾轮虫内蒙品系好于盘锦品系。用内蒙品系轮虫投喂的蟹苗,幼体变态至大眼幼体的存活率为71.65%,用盘锦品系轮虫投喂的蟹苗,变态至大眼幼体的存活率为62.50%。     

褶皱臂尾轮虫对提高暗纹东方鲀鱼苗成活率的作用

利用褶皱臂尾轮虫和暗纹东方鲀鱼苗在5‰的咸淡水中都能够存活的特点,用面包酵母培育褶皱臂尾轮虫经海水小球藻强化培育后在5‰的盐度条件下投喂暗纹东方鲀鱼苗,结果表明,褶皱臂尾轮虫较之淡水轮虫可使暗纹东方鲀鱼成活率显著提高。     

用生物饲料和代用饵料培育中国对虾幼体的效果比较

用两只容积为8吨的实验水槽,分别培养400万尾中国对虾无节幼体,其中1号水槽投喂豆浆、蛋黄代用饵料,2号水槽投喂三角褐指藻、褶皱臂尾轮虫和卤虫,至仔虾幼体X期(P_(10))进行计数。前者变态成活率为23.4%,后者变态成活率为65.7%;且个体体长亦为后者大于前者,表明用生物饵料优于代用饵料。     

酵母及藻类对褶皱臂尾轮虫培养效果的比较研究

采用种群累积培养法研究了两种酵母、两种藻类对褶皱臂尾轮虫的最适投喂密度。结果表明 ,这四种饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫的最适投喂密度 (× 10 6cell·ml-1)分别是 :干酵母 ,15 ;鲜酵母 ,5 ;微绿球藻 ,4 5 ;三角褐指藻 ,2 0。同时 ,在最适密度下比较了这四种饵料对轮虫的培养效果。结果表明 ,四种饵料对轮虫的培养效果以微绿球藻为最优 ,其它依次为三角褐指藻 ,鲜酵母 ,干酵母。实验结果显示 ,褶皱臂尾轮虫批量培养及至工厂化培养的首选饵料是微绿球藻和三角褐指藻     

5种微藻在红鳍东方鲀仔鱼培育中的效果研究

用5种富含EPA、DHA等高不饱和脂肪酸的海洋微藻强化褶皱臂尾轮虫、卤虫无节幼体,用强化后的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂红鳍东方鲀仔鱼。结果显示:n-3HUFA(尤其是DHA、EPA)对提高仔鱼的成活率、生长率和耐高盐能力都有重要作用,DHA效果好于EPA,用EPA代替部分DHA是可行的,但过量的AA对仔鱼生长有抑制作用,并降低仔鱼的耐高盐能力。5种微藻中,H24、H61和H24 C95组效果较好,C95效果一般,B222、R165效果较差。     

介绍培养轮虫的一种方法

对虾幼体进入溞状幼体三期以后,饵料成了育苗的关键,因此,培养一种小型的动物性饵料,就显得很重要。几年来,我们在工作实践中,用褶皱臂尾轮虫培养对虾幼体取得了很好的效果,现将培养褶皱臂尾轮虫(以下简称轮虫)的方法介绍如下:首先要培养好褶皱臂尾轮虫的饵料。单胞藻的扁藻、盐藻、小球藻等绿藻是轮虫的主要饵料,以扁藻为最好。当水温上升到15℃左右时,我们在有上列几种藻种的土池里进行肥水繁殖,施氮肥10ppm(未施磷肥)、在4日30日到5月18日间共施肥4次,同时也施少量人粪。     

选择浮游动物和浮游植物喂养鳙仔鱼和鱼苗的可行性

根据投喂不同活性生物饵料来决定孵化后3、6、9、12和15天的鳙鱼苗的成活率。卵黄消失3—6天后,给其投喂臂尾轮虫、小旅藻和颤藻可获得较高的成活率。当单独把裸腹溞个体较大的细胞投喂鳙仔鱼时,到16天其死亡率达20%。而给鱼苗投喂臂尾轮虫和裸腹溞时,15天后其成活率分别是52%和53%。投喂颤藻的鱼苗的成活率在上述两者之间。摄食裸腹溞的鳙仔鱼和鱼苗,15天后的体重最高,其次是投喂颤藻属的仔鱼和鱼苗,而摄食臂尾轮虫和小球藻的仔鱼和鱼苗的体重增长最慢。     

营养强化的轮虫、卤虫对牙鲆仔鱼的成活、生长及体脂肪酸组成的影响

用3种营养强化剂强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,研究牙鲆仔鱼的生长、成活、体脂肪酸的组成。结果表明:用强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,成活率、增重均显著高于对照组(p<0 01),其中V号强化剂的效果最好,成活率为29 34%,比对照组提高100%;增重倍数为217 90,比对照组提高68 61%;这是由于V号强化剂强化的卤虫无节幼体体内含有较多的AA的缘故,饵料中AA含量的提高,可以提高牙鲆仔鱼的成活率、促进其生长。牙鲆摄食强化过的轮虫、卤虫无节幼体后,其EPA、DHA、n-3HUFA、PUFA的含量随着饵料中含量的升高而升高,这也是牙鲆仔鱼生长速度和成活率提高的重要因素之一。     

Effect of rotifer enrichment with herbal extracts on growth and resistance of red sea bream,Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel) larvae against Vibrio anguillarum

The effects of the dietary medicinal herbs Massa medicata, Crataegi fructus (Cf), Artemisia capillaries, Cnidium officinale and their mixture (HM), on growth and resistance against Vibrio anguillarum were examined using larval red sea bream, Pagrus major. The methanol extracts of Cf and HM inhibited the proliferation of seven infectious bacterial strains including the genera Aeromonas, Edwasiella, Photobavterium, Pseudomonas and Vibrio. Rotifers enriched with emulsified bonito oil containing extracts of Cf and HM lowered the bacterial counts in their body on TCBS medium for the genus Vibrio in comparison with rotifers enriched by emulsified bonito oil alone. Although statistically not significant, larvae fed rotifer fortified with Cf from 3 to 20 days after hatching showed the best growth and final body weight followed by those given rotifer with HM and control enrichment. However, final body length of larvae fed rotifer with Cf was significantly larger than larvae fed on rotifers enriched with other herb extracts. After a challenge test with V. anguillarum, survival of larvae fed rotifer with Cf and HM was significantly higher than for the control treatment. These results revealed that Cf and HM in rotifer is useful to promote growth and resistance against V. anguillarum in red sea bream larvae, providing a new technology for mass production of disease‐resistant fry and fingerlings.     

Culture of Senegal Sole Larvae without the Need for Rotifers

Two groups of Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae were cultured. One used rotifers for the first 10 days after hatching (dph) and enriched Artemia metanauplii from 6 to 30 dph and the other without rotifers, using enriched Artemia metanauplii as the sole food source. The quantity of metanauplii used was the same (group A), twice (group A2) and three times (group A3) the quantity of live prey (in dry weight) of the group fed with rotifers (group R). At the end of the experiment, the growth, in terms of total length and individual dry weight was significantly higher for the larvae on group A2 whilst rotifer fed larvae (R) showed the poorest results. Eye migration was also delayed by approximately 2 days in the group R. No significant differences were found in survival rates. The influence of diet on Senegal sole metamorphosis and its relationship with the size rather than the age of the fish are discussed.     

Biochemical composition and fatty acid profile in a strain of the lineage ‘Nevada’, belonging to the Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera) complex,fed different diets

A strain of the lineage Brachionus ‘Nevada’ was batch cultured with two diets, differing in biochemical composition: baker's yeast (treatment 1), which has higher protein:lipid ratio compared with CULTURE SELCO (treatment 2). The biochemical composition (DNA, RNA, lipid, protein content) and fatty acid profile of rotifers of both treatments was analysed and related to previously published population structure data. CULTURE SELCO‐fed rotifers showed higher DNA, RNA, lipid, n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) average content, compared with yeast‐fed rotifers, which had higher protein content. Rotifer lipid content showed significant diurnal variation in yeast‐fed rotifers. Rotifer lipid and n‐3 HUFA content was associated with reproductive output. DNA and RNA content was related to embryonic development while protein content, to somatic growth and mixis. The saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid rotifer content was stable irrespective of feed, in contrast to eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and DHA. The levels of AA were similar in both rotifer populations, but those of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were about half in yeast‐fed compared with CULTURE SELCO‐fed rotifers. CULTURE SELCO resulted in a temporally stable rotifer lipid profile and a better enriched parthenogenetic population.     

Effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate on Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, larvae challenged with pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum

This study investigated the protective effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, zoea larvae challenged with pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum. PHB was delivered to the crab larvae through rotifer and Artemia bioencapsulation. Zoea 3 larvae were challenged with V. anguillarum at a final concentration of 10(5) CFU mL(-1). PHB-enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii were added to the culture water 24 h prior to, upon and 24 h after challenge. The results confirmed that PHB could enhance the survival and growth of unexposed E. sinensis larvae. Moreover, PHB protected larvae from the pathogen as the larvae fed PHB-enriched live food showed the highest survival and development rate in all challenged groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, larval performance was the best when PHB was delivered to the larvae 24 h before challenge (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that PHB can be used as part of an effective strategy to protect E. sinensis larvae from V. anguillarum resulting in higher survival and better growth, especially when applied before the challenge.     

不同饵料对中华绒螯蟹幼体发育和存活的影响

采用高度不饱和脂肪酸（ＨＵＦＡ）营养强化的轮虫、轮虫与卤虫组织投喂中华绒螯蟹幼体,以各项幼体的存活率为评判指标,对不同饵料及其组合的投喂效果进行了探讨。研究结果表明：轮虫是中华绒螯解早期幼体（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）的适口饵料,幼体存活率随轮虫密度的增加而逐渐上升,但当轮虫数量超过最适密度时,幼体存活率反而有所下降。其中,未强化的轮虫达投喂密度为６０ｉｎｄ．ｍＬ＾－１,强化轮虫最适密度为４０ｉｎｄ．ｍＬ＾－１。Ｚａｏ状Ⅰ、Ⅱ期投喂４０ｉｎｄ．ｍＬ＾－１轮虫,从Ⅲ期开始投喂１０ｉｎｇ．ｍＬ＾－１卤虫无节幼体,能较好地满足中华绒螯蟹幼体发育的营养需求,提高大眼幼体的存活率。表明强化幼体饵料ＨＵＦＡ特别是ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ能有效地促进幼体的发育与存活和脱壳率。     

Assessment of marine thraustochytrid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schizochytrium limacinum</Emphasis> OUC88 for mariculture by enriched feeds

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88, a thraustochytrid with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n −3), was used as feed for rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia franciscana . The rotifer and Artemia were harvested at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-h intervals, analyzed for fatty acid composition, and compared with the control which fed on yeast only. The highest DHA content resulted from an enrichment period of 12 h for both fed organisms, reached 13.4 and 10.9% of the total fatty acids (TFAs) in rotifers and Artemia nauplii, respectively, and the DHA level reduced sharply if enrichment time was longer than 12 h. The pseudoalbinism rate of turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles fed enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii reduced greatly (40% lower than in control group). Thus, enrichment of rotifers and Artemia nauplii by DHA-rich Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 may provide a practical strategy for feeding fish juveniles in aquaculture.     

锯缘青蟹幼体饵料的营养强化

用酵母、水球藻、鱼油强化和豆油强化四种不同方式培养轮虫，再分别投喂锯缘青蟹幼体，分析测定轮虫和体的生化组成，结果显示，（1）不同方式培养的轮虫之间以及摄食这些轮虫的锯缘青蟹幼体之间的蛋白质含量都没有显著差异；（2）轮虫的脂类含量和脂肪酸组成与培养方式密切相关，小球藻轮虫的脂类含量最高，20：5n-3(EPA)占总脂肪酸的比例也最高 ，为18.05%，鱼油轮虫则含有最多的22：6n-3(DHA)，占总脂肪酸3.16%，脂类含量仅次于小球藻轮虫；（3）锯缘青蟹幼体的脂类含量和脂肪酸组成受相应饵料营养成分的影响。另外，幼体培育实验也发现，饵料营养成分影响幼体的存活率，结果表明，提高轮虫的EPA和DHA含量，尤其晨DHA含量，将有利于锯缘青蟹幼体的存活和发育。     

胶红酵母分离鉴定及其对凡纳滨对虾幼体存活和变态的影响

用平板划线或稀释法从湛江的凡纳滨对虾、斑节对虾、翡翠贻贝、华贵类栉孔扇贝和褐蓝子鱼肠道中分离红酵母.根据形态和碳源利用特征进行分型,利用5.8S-ITS和26S rRNA基因测序分析鉴定代表菌株,通过间歇饥饿胁迫试验,比较代表菌株对凡纳滨对虾无节Ⅵ期到溞状Ⅱ期幼体存活影响,筛选出最优菌株,进而研究目标菌株从无节Ⅵ期开始...     

The Influence of Different Rotifer and Artemia Enrichment Diets on Growth, Survival and Pigmentation in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) Larvae

An experiment was carried out on turbot larvae fed three different rotifer enrichment diets: Dry Selco, Protein Selco and ICES low-HUFA (an enrichment emulsion containing low amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids—HUFA). Seven tanks were set up for each diet. After the rotifer stage, approximately seven days after hatching, the larvae were fed newly-hatched Artemia salina nauplii (AT-1; Brazil strain). From day 10, enriched Great Salt Lake Artemia nauplii were introduced. Each set of seven tanks was further subdivided and the larvae fed Arternia nauplii enriched with one of four enrichment diets: Dry Selco, Protein Selco, ICES low-HUFA or Super Selco. The rotifer enrichments had no significant effect on larval growth and survival. The nutritional value of the Artemia stage (day 13 to 26) was more important for the overall larval survival.