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The use of landscape covariates to estimate soil properties is not suitable for the areas of low relief due to the high variability of soil properties in similar topographic and vegetation conditions.A new method was implemented to map regional soil texture (in terms of sand,silt and clay contents) by hypothesizing that the change in the land surface diurnal temperature difference (DTD) is related to soil texture in case of a relatively homogeneous rainfall input.To examine this hypothesis,the DTDs from moderate resolution imagine spectroradiometer (MODIS) during a selected time period,i.e.,after a heavy rainfall between autumn harvest and autumn sowing,were classified using fuzzy-c-means (FCM) clustering.Six classes were generated,and for each class,the sand (> 0.05 mm),silt (0.002-0.05 mm) and clay (< 0.002 mm) contents at the location of maximum membership value were considered as the typical values of that class.A weighted average model was then used to digitally map soil texture.The results showed that the predicted map quite accurately reflected the regional soil variation.A validation dataset produced estimates of error for the predicted maps of sand,silt and clay contents at root mean of squared error values of 8.4%,7.8% and 2.3%,respectively,which is satisfactory in a practical context.This study thus provided a methodology that can help improve the accuracy and efficiency of soil texture mapping in plain areas using easily available data sources.  相似文献   

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遥感图像中多分类问题的树型RBF神经网络方法   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
该文探讨RBF映射理论在遥感影像分类中的具体算法和实现过程,给出了基于自适应聚类间距的快速聚类算法(AGDFC)的RBF网络训练算法和树型RBF网络构造算法。然后以实际的遥感土地覆盖分类为例,通过与最大似然分类算法(MLC)相比较,对分类过程和结果进行了综合分析,实验结果表明树型RBF网络方法在学习速度、网络结构、分类精度等方面具有一定的优势。  相似文献   

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In coastal China, there is an urgent need to increase land for agriculture. One solution is land reclamation from coastal tidelands, but soil salinization poses a problem. Thus, there is need to map saline areas and identify appropriate management strategies. One approach is the use of digital soil mapping. At the first stage, auxiliary data such as remotely sensed multispectral imagery can be used to identify areas of low agricultural productivity due to salinity. Similarly, proximal sensing instruments can provide data on the distribution of soil salinity. In this study, we first used multispectral QuickBird imagery (Bands 1–4) to provide information about crop growth and then EM38 data to indicate relative salt content using measurements of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) in the horizontal (ECh) and vertical (ECv) modes of operation. Second, we used a fuzzy k‐means (FKM) algorithm to identify three salinity management zones using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ECh and ECv/ECh. The three identified classes were statistically different in terms of auxiliary and topsoil properties (e.g. soil organic matter) and more importantly in terms of the distribution of soil salinity (ECe) with depth. The resultant three classes were mapped to demonstrate that remote and proximally sensed auxiliary data can be used as surrogates for identifying soil salinity management zones.  相似文献   

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该文阐述了国内外主要土地覆盖分类系统及其土地覆盖产品在中国的表现,依据中国植被编码体系在MODIS数据试验的基础上,对现有国内土地覆盖分类系统进行了重新设计,包括7大类22个二级类别,并利用2001~2002年MODIS1km时间序列NDVI数据和多波段反射率光谱数据对中国区域进行了土地覆盖分类,结果显示分类产品能较为准确地描述中国区域土地覆盖的实际情况。  相似文献   

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高精度的土壤分类及制图结果有助于更好地制定土地环境保护和土地资源利用策略。为探究星载高光谱影像实现区域尺度高精度土壤分类及制图的可能性,该研究获取东北黑土区拜泉县、明水县共计4幅高分5号(GF-5)星载高光谱遥感影像。首先,将原始反射率数据(Original Reflectance,OR)进行包络线去除处理获得去包络线数据(Continuum Removal,CR);其次,对OR和CR进行主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)处理,分别得到反射率主成分信息(OR-PCA)和去包络线主成分信息(CR-PCA),并在OR-PCA和CR-PCA的基础上结合地形因子(Terrain,TA)。最后,OR、CR、OR-PCA、CR-PCA、OR-PCA-TA、CR-PCA-TA分别作为输入量结合随机森林分类模型,进行土壤分类并实现数字土壤制图。结果表明:1)包络线去除法可有效地提高星载高光谱土壤分类精度,与OR相比,CR的总精度提高了5.48%,Kappa系数提高了0.12。2)PCA可有效地降低高光谱数据的冗余性,提高模型的运算效率以及分类精度;与CR作为输入量相比,CR-PCA的土壤分类总精度提高了3.67%,Kappa系数提高了0.02。3)TA的引入显著提升了土壤分类精度,以CR-PCA-TA作为输入量的土壤分类精度最高,总精度为81.61%,Kappa系数为0.72,实现了高精度的土壤分类模型及土壤制图。研究结果可为大范围、高精度的土壤分类及制图提供新的思路。  相似文献   

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区域土壤侵蚀遥感调查与制图研究——以新疆地区为例   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
根据土壤侵蚀的营力,强度和景观条件,划分了3级制的土壤侵蚀分类系统。利用遥感影响判读,进行了有关影响因子的解译和评价,经过必要的野外验证后,编制了土壤侵蚀类型图,查清了新疆土壤侵蚀的基本状况。  相似文献   

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Soil pH affects food production, pollution control and ecosystem services. Mapping soil pH levels, therefore, provides policymakers with crucial information for developing sustainable soil use and management policies. In this study, we used the LUCAS 2015 TOPSOIL data to map soil pH at a European level. We used random forest kriging (RFK) to build a predictive model of spatial variability of soil pH, as well as random forest (RF) without co-kriging and boosted regression trees (BRT) modelling techniques. Model accuracy was evaluated using a ten-fold cross-validation procedure. While we found that all methods accurately predicted soil pH, the accuracy of the RFK method was best with regression performance metrics of: R2 = 0.81 for pH (H2O) and pH (CaCl2); RMSE = 0.59 for pH (H2O) and RMSE = 0.61 in pH (CaCl2); MAE = 0.41 for pH (H2O) and MAE = 0.43 in pH (CaCl2). Dominant explanatory variables in the RF and BRT modelling were topography and remote sensing variables, respectively. The generated maps broadly depicted similar spatial patterns of soil pH, with an increasing gradient of soil pH from north to south Europe, with the highest values mainly concentrated along the Mediterranean coast. The mapping could provide spatial reference for soil pH assessment and dynamic monitoring.  相似文献   

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半干旱沙区土类/亚类的遥感调查制图方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
传统土壤调查制图存在低时效性、低精度等问题。为了解决半干旱沙区土壤遥感调查制图问题,该文以科尔沁左翼后旗为例,基于野外实地调查和专家知识分析了半干旱沙区土壤类型分布特征与环境因素之间的关系,并探讨了基于多时相Landsat8 OLI影像数据的半干旱沙区土类/亚类遥感调查制图方法。结果表明:利用多时相Landsat8 OLI影像数据提取的归一化差异水体指数(modified normalized difference water index,MNDWI)、盐分指数(salt index,SI)、归一化差异湿度指数(normalized difference moisture index,NDMI)、归一化差异植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)等环境信息,可实现对沼泽土、盐碱土、草甸土、风沙土及其亚类等半干旱沙区主要土壤类型的遥感调查制图。应用本文提出的半干旱区土类/亚类遥感调查制图方法对科左后旗进行土壤遥感调查制图和精度验证,总体精度约为72.84%,Kappa系数为0.667 8。该方法可为半干旱沙区数字土壤调查制图提供思路和参考。  相似文献   

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面向对象的土地利用/覆盖遥感分类方法与流程应用   总被引:4,自引:5,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
为了进一步提高干旱/半干旱地区土地利用/覆盖分类精度,该文以新疆石河子垦区为研究区,利用NDVI时间序列分析的方法确定了土地利用/覆盖遥感分类最佳时相组合;采用最佳指数因子OIF对参与图像分割的谱段进行选择;选择不同分割参数建立4级分割层次,构建了不同尺度的分类对象;针对其不同特点,分别选择基于知识的模糊分类和基于样本的监督分类方法;建立了面向对象的土地利用/覆盖遥感分类流程。采用地面实测数据对分类效果进行评估,与基于像元的分类方法相比,该文方法能够获取更高的分类精度,可为同类的研究与应用提供借鉴。  相似文献   

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大比例尺土壤侵蚀系列制图遥感信息源的评价和选择李天杰,周全斌(北京师范大学环科所,100875)郭立民,费健雄(山西省农业遥感应用研究所)EvaluationandSelectionofRemoteSensingInformationSourcesi...  相似文献   

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool has the potential to mitigate or enhance climate change by either acting as a sink,or a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and also plays a fundamental role in the health and proper functioning of soils to sustain life on Earth.As such,the objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of a novel evolutionary genetic optimization-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS-EG) in predicting and mapping the spatial patterns of SOC stocks in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve,Kenya.Field measurements and auxiliary data reflecting the soil-forming factors were used to design an ANFIS-EG model,which was then implemented to predict and map the areal differentiation of SOC stocks in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve.This was achieved with a reasonable level of uncertainty (i.e.,root mean square error of 15.07 Mg C ha-1),hence demonstrating the applicability of the ANFIS-EG in SOC mapping studies.There is potential for improving the model performance,as indicated by the current ratio of performance to deviation (1.6).The mnapping also revealed marginally higher SOC stocks in the forested ecosystems (i.e.,an average of 109.78 Mg C ha-1) than in the agro-ecosystems (i.e.,an average of 95.9 Mg C ha-1).  相似文献   

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振兴陕西水土保持的重大举措许本基(陕西省水土保持局,西安710004)《陕西省实施<中华人民共和国水土保持法>办法,(以下简称《办法》),1994年1月10日经陕西省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第四次会议通过并公告发布实施。《办法》根据水土保持法及其...  相似文献   

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北京山区泥石流成因及防治对策翁强(北京市水利局,100036)泥石流是一种灾害性的突发水土流失现象,一旦发生,人们的生存条件就将被破坏,而且随着经济的发展,如不重视这一灾害的防治,泥石流灾害会愈益严重,损失会更加惨重。它不仅制约着当地经济的发展,也直...  相似文献   

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  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In the context of a growing demand of high‐resolution spatial soil information for environmental planning and modeling, fast and accurate prediction methods are needed to provide high‐quality digital soil maps. Thus, this study focuses on the development of a methodology based on artificial neural networks (ANN) that is able to spatially predict soil units. Within a test area in Rhineland‐Palatinate (Germany), covering an area of about 600 km2, a digital soil map was predicted. Based on feed‐forward ANN with the resilient backpropagation learning algorithm, the optimal network topology was determined with one hidden layer and 15 to 30 cells depending on the soil unit to be predicted. To describe the occurrence of a soil unit and to train the ANN, 69 different terrain attributes, 53 geologic‐petrographic units, and 3 types of land use were extracted from existing maps and databases. 80% of the predicted soil units (n = 33) showed training errors (mean square error) of the ANN below 0.1, 43% were even below 0.05. Validation returned a mean accuracy of over 92% for the trained network outputs. Altogether, the presented methodology based on ANN and an extended digital terrain‐analysis approach is time‐saving and cost effective and provides remarkable results.  相似文献   

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Over the last decade, the ecosystem services (ESs) framework has been increasingly used to support mapping and assessment studies for sustainable land management purposes. Previous analysis of practical applications has revealed the significance of the spatial scale at which input data are obtained. This issue is particularly problematic with soil data that are often unavailable or available only at coarse scales or resolutions in various part of the world. In this context, four soil-based ecosystem services, namely biomass provision, water provision, global climate regulation, and water quality regulation, are assessed using three conventional soil maps at the 1:1,000,000, 1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scales. The resulting individual and joint ES maps are then compared to examine the effects of changing the spatial scale of soil data on the ES levels and spatial patterns. ES levels are finally aggregated to landforms, land use, or administrative levels in order to try to identify the determinants of the sensitivity of ES levels to change in the scale of input soil data. Whereas the three soil maps turn out to be equally useful whenever ESs levels averaged over the whole 100 km2 territory are needed, the maps at the 1:1,000,000 and 1:250,000 induced biases in the assessment of ESs levels over spatial units smaller than 100 and 10 km2, respectively. The simplification of the diversity and spatial distribution of soils at the two coarsest scales indeed resulted in local differences in ES levels ranging from several 10 to several 100%. Identification of the optimal representation of soil diversity and distribution to obtain a reliable representation of ESs spatial distribution is not straightforward. The ESs sensitivity to scale effect is indeed context-specific, variable among individual ESs, and not directly or simply linked with the soil typological diversity represented in soil maps. Forested and natural lands in the study area appear particularly sensitive to soil data scales as they occupy marginal soils showing very specific ESs signatures.  相似文献   

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Using the fuzzy rule-based classification method, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images acquired from 1982 to 1998 were classified into seventeen phases. Based on these classification images, a probabilistic cellular automata-Markov Chain model was developed and used to simulate a land cover scenario of China for the year 2014. Spatiotemporal dynamics of land use/cover in China from 1982 to 2014 were then analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the change trends of land cover type from 1998 to 2014 would be contrary to those from 1982 to 1998. In particular, forestland and grassland areas decreased by 1.56% and 1.46%, respectively, from 1982 to 1998, and should increase by 1.5% and 2.3% from 1998 to 2014, respectively.  相似文献   

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为了定量评价漓江上游山区复杂地形水源林叶面积指数(LAI)的变化,对阔叶林、针叶林、竹林样地以TRAC仪器测定LAI,利用遥感数据计算归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(SR)、减化比值植被指数(RSR)、土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)、增强植被指数(EVI),并从DEM数据获取高程、坡度、坡向,提出并建立复杂地形最优多植被指数组合估算山区林地LAI的神经网络模型,利用模型对1989–2009年6景TM/ETM遥感图像估算LAI空间分布。结果表明,神经网络解决了LAI与多植被指数的非线性回归方程无法引入地形因素、且方程系数较多较难确定的问题,提高了LAI的估算精度。研究区成熟阔叶林减少代之以大片种植经济幼林,是导致林地LAI变化的原因。1989-2000年,LAI≥6.0的林地面积比例从78.8%逐年急剧下降到44.1%,LAI在1.0~6.0的林地面积比例从20.8%大幅上升到55.4%;2000-2009年,随着幼林的生长、竹林的速生,LAI≥6.0的林地面积比例逐渐上升恢复到74.5%,但仍未恢复到1989年的面积比例,相应LAI在1.0~6.0的林地面积比例逐渐下降到25.1%。研究成果为漓江上游水源林生态评估提供参考。  相似文献   

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