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近年来全球因人兽共患病引发的公共卫生事件频繁发生,对世界经济的发展和全球公共卫生安全带来了严峻挑战,此已引起国际社会的高度关注。有专家指出:人类对动物“严酷的剥削与过度的利用”,是造成了人禽(人畜)共患流行性疾病不断暴发的原因。本文阐述了动物福利与畜牧生产的关系和非福利因素对动物生理健康的影响。以期引起全社会关注和促进动物福利事业的发展,积极为畜牧生产中的动物创造一个精神上协调一致、生理上完全健康的生存状态,减少动物疫病(特别是人兽共患病)的发生与流行,保障畜牧业的发展与公共卫生安全。 相似文献
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To describe and then fulfill agricultural animals' needs, we must learn more about their fundamental psychological and behavioral processes. How does this animal feel? Is that animal suffering? Will we ever be able to know these things? Scientists specializing in animal cognition say that there are numerous problems but that they can be overcome. Recognition by scientists of the notion of animal awareness has been increasing in recent years, because of the work of Griffin and others. Feeling, thinking, remembering, and imagining are cognitive processes that are factors in the economic and humane production of agricultural animals. It has been observed that the animal welfare debate depends on two controversial questions: Do animals have subjective feelings? If they do, can we find indicators that reveal them? Here, indirect behavioral analysis approaches must be taken. Moreover, the linear additivity of several stressor effects on a variety of animal traits suggests that some single phenomenon is acting as a "clearinghouse" for many or all of the stresses acting on an animal at any given time, and this phenomenon might be psychological stress. Specific situations animals may encounter in agricultural production settings are discussed with respect to the animals' subjective feelings. 相似文献
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节粮型草地畜牧业大有可为 总被引:16,自引:6,他引:16
现代化畜牧业包含舍饲畜牧业和草地畜牧业2个部分."逐水草而居"的适应性畜牧业是农业的开端,后来发展为集约、高效的现代化草地畜牧业,它是草地农业系统的组成部分.与草地畜牧业相比,在特定条件下它具有资源节约、优质高效的优势,对提高生产水平,促进环境健康有不可取代的作用.我国长期片面强调舍饲畜牧业,而且在"以粮为纲"的主流下形成"粮-猪"系统,严重降低了生产水平和生态健康.我国山地多达近70%,适宜耕地面积不足12%,其余80%~90%的土地资源蕴藏着巨大的草地畜牧业生产潜力,如将其纳入草地农业系统发展草地畜牧业,我国南方可以提供4 000万hm2农田当量的生产能力;北方提供4 900万hm2农田当量的生产潜力,两者共计相当8 900万hm2的新增农田和156 705万t饲料粗蛋白,这将是我国粮食安全和农民增收问题的重大突破. 相似文献
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磷脂是机体的结构脂类,具有多种生理功能,特别是在维持生物膜结构和功能上有重要作用。本文就磷脂在水生动物体内的合成能力,对生物膜流动性、膜ATPase活性的影响等方面作一综述。 相似文献
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苜蓿与放牧家畜臌胀病研究概况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
饲喂新鲜苜蓿Medicago sativa时,家畜患臌胀病的风险很大,因此苜蓿传统上主要用作调制干草,放牧利用较少.就家畜臌胀病的概念、引发的原因及放牧管理中的相应预防方法和紫花苜蓿引起的臌胀病做一简要综述,旨在阐明已知的臌胀病可能起因及防治方法,为容易引起家畜臌胀病的苜蓿及其他相关豆科牧草的合理放牧利用提供指导. 相似文献
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畜牧业是我国的支柱产业,大力发展畜牧业对于我国经济的发展具有重要意义。本文主要阐述了我国畜牧业发展、畜产品贸易的现状,目前畜产品存在的问题以及发展的对策。 相似文献
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Dewey C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):244-249
The approach to understanding the impact of management and disease in production animal systems has evolved with the advent of both routine on-farm data collection and new analytic epidemiology techniques. Epidemiology provides a tool to describe the host-agent-environment triad and the impact of multiple variables on productivity and health recognized by production animal veterinarians in their day-to-day work. Field trials enable veterinarians to systematically test whether or not a new treatment improves the health of the animal populations in their geographic region and under their production systems. Hypothesis-specific coding techniques, such as hierarchical variables, are used in a systematic manner to understand well-defined biological phenomenon. Clustering at multiple levels has provided the challenges of measuring management changes in each level. Using random effects models allow us to determine the relative importance of each level on the dependent variable. As epidemiologists, we have taken advantage of analytic techniques used in other fields of science. Geo-spatial statistics has been used to understand the clustering and spread of diseases and more recently, to interpret the laboratory findings related to the introduction of an exotic strain of the influenza virus. Dr. Martin, through his work as a veterinary epidemiologist and that of people he has influenced, has been an international leader in promoting the optimal health and productivity of animal populations and of ensuring the safety of foods of animal origin and preventing animal-related disease in humans. 相似文献
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论知识经济与我国草地畜牧业可持续发展的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据知识经济的发展观从决策观念、学术思想和产业政策等方面阐述了知识经济与我国草地手业匠关系。笔 认为,科技创新与制度创新的统一是“知识经济”的精髓。对于草地畜牧业而言,在草地使用权不确定和畜产品市场扭曲的情况下,技术措施的应用可能会强化经济增长对草地生态环境的负效应。消除草地承包政策中的不确定因素和加强牧业生产的组织化是“科技进步”促进草地手业持续发展的“制度”要求。决策观念和学术思想的转变是迎接 相似文献
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本文主要参照2017年《陆生动物卫生法典》,梳理了世界动物卫生组织要求开展区域化管理的动物疫病名录,详细介绍了世界动物卫生组织官方无疫认证和自我声明要求的申请材料(以口蹄疫为例),分析了国际无疫认证认可工作的重要意义,以期为我国动物疫病区域化管理和申请国际无疫认证认可工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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