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1.
Farhad M. Panah Saman Lashkari Martin Riis Weisbjerg 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):109-115
The effect of decortication on chemical composition and degradability characteristics of four Danish oat varieties was investigated. Effective degradability (ED) and post-ruminal disappearance (PRD) were measured by in situ and mobile bag techniques respectively. Decorticated oat showed higher (p = .01) concentrations of crude protein (CP; 134 vs. 108 g/kg DM) and crude fat (71.6 vs. 53.1 g/kg DM) and a higher (p = .001) organic matter digestibility (OMD; 888 vs. 703 g/kg OM) than oat. The content of total fatty acids (FA) in DM was higher in decorticated oat. The proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) increased (p < .05) due to decortication, while the linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) proportion of total FA decreased in decorticated oat. Decortication increased (p = .01) the concentration of amino acids (AA), but the proportion of lysine in total AA decreased (p < .002). Effective degradability (ED) of both DM and CP was (p < .001) higher in decorticated oat. Decortication increased the total tract disappearance (TTD) and PRD of CP (p < .001). In conclusion, decortication can be used as a practical approach to increase the nutritional value of oat. 相似文献
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选用7只年龄相同、体质量相近的陕北白绒山羊母羊, 外科手术为其中3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管, 4只安装十二指肠“T”型瘘管, 采用移动尼龙袋法和体外三步法研究了陕北白绒山羊常用的4种精饲料(棉粕、菜籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、酵母)和4种粗饲料在小肠中的降解特性。移动尼龙袋法测得棉粕、菜籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、酵母、桑叶、芦苇、紫穗槐、柠条的小肠粗蛋白的表观消化率依次是77.24%、60.08%、96.36%、18.49%、42.05%、49.62%、30.36%、52.21%。研究结果表明, 玉米蛋白粉有提供高水平过瘤胃蛋白的潜能, 体外三步法和移动尼龙袋法所测小肠粗蛋白降解率呈线性正相关, y=0.802 3x-0.128 5(R2=0.911 5)。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加沙棘果渣(SBP)对体外瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质有效降解率的影响。试验选用6只健康、1.5岁左右、体重30~45 kg、安装瘤胃瘘管的杜×寒杂交F1肉羊羯羊。试验采用体外产气法和尼龙袋法对添加不同水平SBP[0(对照组)、8%(8SBP组)、16%(16SBP组)、24%(24SBP组)]的全混合日粮72 h产气量、瘤胃液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度以及营养物质有效降解率进行测定。结果表明:1)16SBP和24SBP组的72 h产气量和潜在产气量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05),SBP的添加对产气速率没有产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。2)发酵液pH随着SBP添加水平的提高而降低,24SBP组pH最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,各试验组发酵液NH3-N和M CP浓度都有上升的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)产量也有所变化,但没有产生显著差异(P>0.05);试验组乙酸和总VFA浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,16SBP和24SBP组干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(NDF)有效降解率显著提高(P <0.05),8SBP和16SBP组粗蛋白质(CP)有效降解率显著提高(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加SBP改善了体外发酵并且提高了营养物质的降解率,但饲粮中最适SBP添加水平还需要进一步通过试验确定。 相似文献
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为研究不同紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种在牛瘤胃中的降解规律,本试验以10个紫花苜蓿品种为材料,以3头装有永久性瘘管的晋南牛作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定不同紫花苜蓿品种干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解率和降解参数。结果表明:不同紫花苜蓿品种DM,CP,NDF和ADF的降解率随着其在瘤胃内培养时间的延长,均呈升高趋势,但不同品种在同一培养时间段内的降解率存在显著差异;不同紫花苜蓿品种的有效降解率(ED)的差异较大,‘WL-319HQ DM’的ED最高,显著高于‘中苜一号’和‘首领’(P<0.01);‘金皇后’CP的ED显著高于除‘赛迪’之外的其他品种;‘WL-168HQ’、‘中苜一号’NDF的ED显著高于除‘首领’之外的其他品种;‘三得利’、‘皇后’ADF的ED显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同紫花苜蓿品种在瘤胃内的降解特性不同。 相似文献
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瘤胃尼龙袋法和体外产气法评定反刍动物饲料的营养价值的比较 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
试验通过评定菜籽粕、玉米、米糠、苜蓿、玉米青贮和玉米秸秆的营养价值来比较瘤胃尼龙袋法和体外产气实验。结果表明:各种饲料的干物质有效降解率分别为52.90%、54.27%、65.70%、40.76%、37.24%和38.17%,精饲料干物质有效降解率(EDMD)中,a部分占比例较高(其中米糠达到64.51%);每克饲料DM的渐进产气量(A)分别为105.00、180.51、109.30、172.71、147.76和148.66 mL,粗饲料的产气量普遍高于精饲料;两种方法中,产气参数A、B与EDMD均呈负相关(r=-0.55和r=-0.61)。从速率曲线来看,降解速率曲线主要反映了b部分的降解情况,而饲料产气的速率曲线却能明显反映出两相的发酵情况。 相似文献
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瘤胃尼龙袋法测定常用饲料过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
以9头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对玉米淀粉、玉米、麸皮、豆粕、麻粕、棉籽粕、苜蓿干草、羊草、肋麦野豌豆、玉米秸等10种常用饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率进行了比较研究。结果表明,各种饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量(g/kg)依次为417.85、404.84、226.31、62.04、110.56、108.61、73.50、50.87、47.55、24.43;其淀粉瘤胃降解率%依次为60.95、50.47、61.70、80.19、65.57、61.01、53.15、64.23、70.40、73.65。 相似文献
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为了探索尿素对饲料利用率的影响,以瘤胃瘘管羊为实验动物,采用尼龙袋法,研究了尿素浓度梯度对饲料在羊瘤胃内降解率和主要养分含量变化的影响。选择3只瘤胃瘘管羊为实验动物,实验设对照组和试验组,对照组未添加尿素,试验组尿素浓度分别设为1%、2%、3%、4%和5%,测定饲料在瘤胃内6、12和24h时的粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分、粗蛋白、钙含量和总降解率。结果表明,尿素添加水平在2%和3%时,饲料的消化率显著高于对照组和5%尿素组,饲料蛋白质、纤维素和脂肪含量显著低于对照组和5%尿素组,说明适量添加尿素可促进饲料营养物质利用率;添加2%和3%尿素可促进饲料钙的前期利用率,添加3%和4%尿素可促进饲料灰分的前期利用率。 相似文献
8.
M. R. Chowdhury M. M. H. Khan S. U. Mahfuz M. A. Baset 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e591-e598
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of spices on forage utilization and nitrogen (N) emission using in vitro and in vivo approach. A 6 × 5 factorial triplicate arrangement was used to assess the in vitro degradability of rice straw with control (without spices) and individual (40 mg/g rice straw) spices (cumin, coriander, clove, black cumin, turmeric) at five different incubation times. In vitro dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradability of rice straw were highest in presence of spices except for clove. Clove significantly reduced the total volatile fatty acids concentration, molar proportion of acetate and propionate ratio, but increased propionate production. Acetate and butyrate production were not affected by treatments. The ammonia‐nitrogen concentration was lowest for clove and turmeric compared to other spices. Rumen pH was unchanged but gradually decreased over the incubation period. For in vivo study, 12 bucks with average live weight 7.65 ± 0.19 kg were assigned to a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates for a 28‐day period. Bucks were fed a total mixed ration without (0 g/kg DM) or with (2.5, 7.5 g/kg DM) clove supplementation. DM intake, body weight and apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were not affected by increasing dietary doses of clove but tended (p = .09) to increase DM and OM digestibility. The urinary N and urine urea N concentration of bucks decreased linearly with incremental doses of clove diet. In contrary, clove supplementation had positive effects on plasma urea N and retained N in bucks. We concluded that though some spices had positive effects on ruminal digestion and fermentation, the dosage level assessed in the current study (up to 7.5 g/kg DM clove) can be promoted as an effective dietary approach to mitigate N losses in bucks. 相似文献
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10.
The ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in three total mixed rations with different CP levels were estimated using the modified in vitro three‐step procedure (TSP) and mobile nylon bag (MNB) technique on growing lambs. The ruminal effective degradability of DM and CP did not respond with increasing dietary CP level. However, the intestinal digestibility of DM was significantly increased with increasing dietary CP level estimated by TSP (P < 0.05) or MNB method (P < 0.01). Intestinal digestibility coefficients of CP determined by TSP were lower than those of the MNB method. Histidine was extensively degraded by rumen micro‐organisms, while tyrosine was the most anti‐degradable AA among the samples. The ruminal AA degradability exhibited no significant differences except for threonine, tryptophan, alanine, aspartic acid and proline for the three diets. Similarly, only a few AAs (i.e. histidine, methionine, tryptophan, aspartic acid and cysteine in TSP; histidine, tryptophan, aspartic acid and serine in MNB) had significant differences in their intestinal digestibility; in addition, values of MNB were lower than that of the TSP method, indicating that intestinal digestibility of DM seems to be overestimated in TSP, while that of CP might be overestimated in the MNB method. 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨青海省玉树州高寒草甸草地天然放牧场不同月份(7月-12月)牧草营养价值动态变化。选取当地典型的放牧草场从2017年7月-2017年12月的每月中旬跟踪放牧牦牛模拟采集可食性牧草,并采用常规营养成分测定和体外发酵技术,进行48 h体外发酵产气量(GP)、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)及发酵液相关指标的测定,综合评价每个月份牧草的营养价值,为当地放牧草场牧草价值提供基础数据。结果表明,牧草中粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、灰分(Ash)、中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)含量、消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)及IVDMD在7、8月与其他月份均有极显著差异(P < 0.01),在11月、12月处于较低值,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和半纤维素(HC)的含量在11、12月均极显著高于其他月份,在7、8月处于较低值。发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度在不同月份的牧草之间无显著差异(P > 0.05),GP、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量均随牧草营养品质的变化而变化,不同月份之间存在显著差异(P < 0.05),7、8月份牧草体外发酵液的GP、戊酸含量均极显著高于其他月份(P < 0.01),11月份均极显著低于其他月份(P < 0.01)。发酵液TVFA含量在不同月份之间无显著差异(P > 0.05),但7、9月份偏高。综上所述,当地典型高寒草甸草场的牧草在7、8月份营养品质优良,10-12月份牧草营养品质偏低,不能满足牦牛的营养需要,故建议牧民在枯黄期对牦牛进行精准补饲,合理利用草场资源。 相似文献
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Shin‐ichi Tagawa Norio Yoshida Yukihiro Iino Ken‐ichi Horiguchi Toshiyoshi Takahashi Maria Watanabe Kei Takemura Syuhei Ito Toyoji Mikami 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):185-189
This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on in situ dry matter degradability of pelleted compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows. Mash feed of the same composition was used as a control and the in situ study was conducted using three non‐lactating Holstein steers fitted with a rumen cannula. The feeds contained 32.3% brown rice, 19.4% rapeseed meal, 11.4% wheat bran and 10.6% soybean meal (fresh weight basis). Except for moisture content, the chemical composition of the feed was not affected by pelleting. In situ dry matter disappearance of the feed increased from 0 to 2 h and after 72 h of incubation with pellet processing. Integration of the dry matter disappearance values over time revealed that degradability parameter a (soluble fraction) increased with pellet processing, whereas parameter b (potentially degradable fraction) decreased. Parameter c (fractional rate of degradation) and effective degradability (5% passage rate) were not affected by pellet processing. We concluded that pellet processing promotes rumen degradability at early incubation hours when the pelleted feed contains brown rice. 相似文献
14.
葡萄糖处理豆粕对蛋白质保护效果的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法研究分别添加0、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%葡萄糖保护豆粕,对奶牛瘤胃内不同时间点DM、CP消失率及其动态降解率的作用效果。结果表明:在不同时间点下,提高葡萄糖添加量可使DM、CP消失率逐渐降低,所有试验组与未处理组差异均极显著(P<0.01),DM、CP有效降解率降低最高分别达28.78%和24.82%,不同添加量下,添加量为7%、9%的2组组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验结果证明,葡萄糖加热处理是一种有效保护豆粕蛋白质的方法,且葡萄糖的适宜添加水平为7%。 相似文献
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以3头带瘤胃瘘管肉牛用尼龙袋法对大豆、向日葵粕、花生粕、豆粕、棉仁粕、菜籽粕、鱼粉等7种饲料的瘤胃总氨基酸降解率进行了比较研究 ,其总氨基酸的瘤胃降解率分别为74.55 % ,81.99 % ,40.69 % ,32.87 % ,41.08 % ,35.73 % ,30.60 % ;粗蛋白降解率(X)与总氨基酸降解率(Y)显著相关(Y= -1.90+1.01X(r=0.996,n=7,P<0.01)。不同时间点瘤胃降解残渣中氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例与饲料原样中氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例 ,在瘤胃降解初期相关性较好 ,随瘤胃降解时间延长相关性下降。 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨澳大利亚东南部玛瑞达令河沿岸平原地区小麦、青稞和燕麦这3种主要冬季麦类作物在不同生育期的营养价值变化规律.通过近红外光谱分析法测定这3种麦类作物在拔节期、扬花期和灌浆期的主要营养成分和体外消化率.结果表明:生长期对麦类作物的营养价值有显著影响;拔节期的CP含量、DMD、OMD显著高于扬花期(P<0.05)和灌浆期(P<0.05);而拔节期的NDF和ADF含量虽然与扬花期和灌浆期无显著差异(P>0.05),但还是比后者含量要低.综上所述,拔节期的营养价值高于扬花期和灌浆期,建议作为饲草种植的冬播麦类作物的收获期以拔节期为宜. 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)与淀粉(Starch)比例饲粮在奶牛瘤胃的降解特性。选用青贮玉米(Zea mays)、燕麦(Avena sativa)干草和玉米籽粒调整饲粮中性洗涤纤维和淀粉比例,配制0.86(Ⅰ)、1.13(Ⅱ)、1.56(Ⅲ)和2.38(Ⅳ)4种全混合日粮,以体况良好、平均体重为(600±21) kg且安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的3头荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,通过尼龙袋法对4种饲粮的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃降解参数和有效降解率进行评定。饲料样品在瘤胃内的培养时间分别为 2、4、8、16、24、36、48和72 h。结果表明,不同中性洗涤纤维与淀粉比例的日粮常规营养成分存在差异。4种日粮的DM、OM、CP、NDF和ADF瘤胃有效降解率之间存在差异,其高低顺序分别为Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅲ组>Ⅳ组、Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅲ组>Ⅳ组、Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组>Ⅳ组>Ⅲ组、Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅳ组>Ⅲ组、Ⅰ组>Ⅳ组>Ⅲ组>Ⅱ组。由此可见,从4组饲粮在奶牛瘤胃的消化特性来看,NDF与淀粉比例为0.86~1.13的营养价值较高,本研究结果为科学、合理地配制奶牛日粮从而有效利用饲料资源提供依据。 相似文献
18.
Y. J. Wang S. L. Li H. J. Yang Y. L. Bi P. H. Doane 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(4):748-757
The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for calcium oxide (CaO) treatment of anaerobically stored corn stover by in situ and in vitro methods. Four ruminally cannulated, non‐lactating, non‐pregnant Holstein cows were used to determine the in situ effective degradabilities of dry matter (ISDMD), organic matter (ISOMD), neutral detergent fibre (ISNDFD), in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) and gas production in 72 h (GP72h) of corn stover. A completely randomized design involving a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement was adopted. Ground corn stover was treated with different levels of CaO (3%, 5% and 7% of dry stover) at varying moisture contents (40%, 50% and 60%) and stored under anaerobic conditions for 15 days before analysis. Compared with untreated corn stover, the CaO‐treated stover had increased ash and calcium (Ca) contents but decreased aNDF and OM contents. The moisture content, CaO level and their interaction affected (p < 0.01) the content of aNDF, ash and OM, and the ratio of aNDF/OM. The greatest ISDMD, ISOMD and ISNDFD were observed when stover was treated with 7% CaO and 60% moisture, while no differences (p > 0.01) in these in situ degradability parameters were observed between the stover treated with 5% CaO at 60% moisture content and those treated with 7% CaO at 60% moisture content. Corn stover treated with 5% CaO at 50% moisture had the maximum IVOMD and GP72 h among the treatments, and there was no difference (p > 0.01) between 50% and 60% moisture. Results from this study suggested that 5% CaO applied at 60% moisture could be an effective and economical treatment combination. 相似文献
19.
本试验通过体外产气法和尼龙袋法对苎麻叶片、苎麻全株以及苎麻去纤维全株的饲用价值进行评定。采用体外产气法测定苎麻叶片、苎麻全株以及苎麻去纤维全株的72 h动态产气量,并求得产气参数;用上述3种原料进行尼龙袋试验,测定干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的降解率,求得降解参数。结果表明:1)产气试验中,苎麻全株72 h产气量及理论最大产气量均最高,显著高于最低的苎麻去纤维全株(P0.05),苎麻叶片居中,苎麻叶片与其他二者差异不显著(P0.05)。2)尼龙袋试验中,DM、CP、NDF及ADF的72 h降解率均为苎麻叶片苎麻全株苎麻去纤维全株;DM、NDF、ADF有效降解率也呈现相同的变化规律;然而CP有效降解率则表现为苎麻全株苎麻叶片苎麻去纤维全株。从体外产气量和有效降解率来看,苎麻叶片和苎麻全株的饲用价值要优于苎麻去纤维全株。 相似文献