鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株反向遗传操作体系的建立

应用cRACE等方法扩增鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株cDNA5′末端和3′末端,分6段扩增得到病毒的结构基因序列,而后连接本室构建的TLH-T转录载体,构建其cDNA全长克隆。在引入分子标签和验证辅助质粒的功能后,4质粒系统共转染VT7细胞系,成功拯救出了具有感染性的鹅副黏病毒。鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株反向遗传操作体系的建立为进一步深入研究该病毒基因组的功能以及新型疫苗的研发奠定了基础。     

鹅源副黏病毒致弱株的“拯救”及分子生物学鉴定

以本课题组前期构建的鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株的全长感染性克隆为模板设计2对引物,用overlap PCR方法将其F蛋白裂解位点处的112、115和117位碱性氨基酸定点突变成为具有典型弱毒株特征的非碱性氨基酸。随后将突变后的F基因序列替换全长感染性克隆的对应序列,构建突变后的克隆质粒FL-cDNA-F′。将改造后的感染性克隆质粒与pCI-NP、pCI-P和pCI-L 3个辅助表达质粒共转染VT7细胞系,成功拯救出了致弱的鹅源副黏病毒。经过分子生物学鉴定,该毒株F基因序列具有典型的弱毒株特征。救获病毒的鸡胚最小致死剂量平均死亡时间(MDT)为96h,表明救获的病毒毒力已被成功致弱,可以作为当前流行的鹅副黏病毒病的一个较为理想的疫苗候选株。     

猪源副黏病毒JL-1株全基因获得及遗传变异分析

利用本实验室分离保存的猪源副黏病毒JL-1株来提取病毒基因组RNA.参考GenBank发表的相关禽副粘病毒Ⅰ型(Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1,APMV-1)基因组序列,设计了8对特异性引物,RT-PCR法分别特异性的扩增出病毒各基因片段,并将各目的基因片段回收纯化,将纯化后的PCR产物进行测序.测定结果得到NP、P、M、F、HN、La、Lb、Lc 8段基因序列,利用DNAMAN软件进行拼接得到基因组全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:EU546165).序列分析结果表明,PPMV JL-1株与各地代表株核苷酸同源性87.85%～99.78%,与鹅源新城疫(GPMV)ZJ-1、NA-1株核苷酸同源性分别为83.31%、83.46%,同时根据各毒株F基因开放阅读框前389个核苷酸序列绘制出系统发育进化树,结果表明PPMV JL-1株与LaSota同属于基因Ⅱ型,不同于基因Ⅶ型的ZJ-1和NA-1株的鹅源毒株.     

鹅源副黏病毒融合蛋白在毕赤酵母细胞中的表达

应用特异性引物,从鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株中扩增出F蛋白基因,PCR产物纯化后克隆入pGEM-T载体,得到重组质粒pT-F。用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切pT-F,回收目的基因F片段,并将其定向克隆到pPICZαA中,构建重组质粒pPICZαA-F。用PmeⅠ酶切pPICZαA-F使其线性化,电击转化至感受态毕赤酵母GS115菌中。PCR法鉴定阳性重组子,10 mL/L甲醇诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析。结果表明,在酵母菌培养基上清中检测到相对分子质量为63 ku的重组蛋白,该重组蛋白可与NA-1株鹅源副黏病毒多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应。     

鹅源新城疫病毒F基因的原核表达及间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

参照GenBank公布的鹅源新城疫病毒NA-1株F基因(DQ659677)的核苷酸序列设计1对引物,通过PCR扩增F基因全长,将其克隆到pET-22b( )载体中,构建了原核表达载体pET-22b( )-F,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),表达并纯化了重组蛋白,Western-blot证明该重组蛋白具有免疫原性。利用重组蛋白为包被抗原,通过方阵试验确定了包被抗原的最佳包被量为0.21μg/孔,建立了检测鹅源新城疫病毒抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法。     

NA-1株鹅源副黏病毒表面结构蛋白HN的真核表达

应用特异性引物,从鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株中扩增出HN蛋白基因,PCR产物纯化后克隆入pGEM-T载体,得到重组质粒pTHN。用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切pTHN,回收目的基因HN片段并将其定向克隆到pPICZαA中,构建重组质粒pPICZαAHN。用SacⅠ酶切pPICZαAHN使其线性化,并电击转化至感受态毕赤酵母细胞GS115。PCR法鉴定阳性重组子,用1%甲醇诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析。结果在酵母菌培养基上清中检测到相对分子质量为63000的重组蛋白,且该重组蛋白可与NA-1株病毒多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应,表明NA-1的HN蛋白片段在Pichiapastoris中获得成功表达。     

应用Gibson Assembly方法构建狂犬病病毒SRV9株重组感染性cDNA克隆

应用Gibson Assembly连接法精确快速构建狂犬病病毒SRV9株重组感染性cDNA克隆,为狂犬病病毒感染性cDNA克隆的构建提供新的方法。应用Gibson Assembly连接法在同一反应体系内,将多个片段和经限制性内切酶线性化的载体,按设计的顺序进行连接,实现多个片段的一步组装。设计带有20bp~30bp重叠序列的PCR引物,扩增得到带有重叠序列的狂犬病病毒5个结构蛋白基因和增强型荧光蛋白基因。扩增的片段和线性化的载体经胶回收纯化后,与Gibson连接液混合后,50℃反应60min,连接产物转化Stbl3感受态细胞,提取重组质粒,经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定,缺失了病毒伪基因Ψ区和糖蛋白基因的跨膜区并且将增强型荧光蛋白基因插入糖蛋白基因终止密码子前,构建了全长17 600bp的重组质粒,完成了重组全长感染性cDNA克隆的构建。     

"拯救"NA-1株鹅源副黏病毒辅助质粒的构建及鉴定

将本实验室保存的NA-1株鹅源副黏病毒（GPMV）经SPF鸡胚增殖,收集尿囊液进行病毒纯化,提取病毒基因组RNA。参考GenBank已收录的ZJ1株GPMV基因组序列,设计了4对特异性引物,利用RT-PCR法分别特异性的扩增出病毒NP、P和L基因片段,并将目的基因片段消化、回收纯化,克隆pCI-neo表达载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,小提质粒选取阳性克隆酶切、PCR鉴定并进行序列测定,结果表明NP、P和L基因正确克隆到pCI-neo表达载体中,并分别命名为pCI-NP、pCI-P和pCI-L。将构建好的pCI-NP、pCI-P和pCI-L重组质粒单独转染Vero细胞,在荧光显微镜下观察到特异绿色荧光,表明NP、P和L蛋白得到成功表达。     

新城疫病毒TL1株P基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank登陆的新城疫病毒P基因序列,设计了一对引物,用RT-PCR技术对新城疫病毒内蒙古分离株TL1的P基因进行了扩增。将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pGEM-Teasy载体,通过酶切、PCR和测序验证克隆正确。测序拼接得出P基因的序列长度为1248bp,该基因的ORF总长为1188bp,编码395个氨基酸。与GenBank下载的12株参考毒株比较P基因编码区全核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现TL1株与鹅源新城疫NA-1株核苷酸的同源性为99.8%,氨基酸的同源性为99.2%;与鹅源新城疫ZJ1株核苷酸的同源性为96.1%,氨基酸的同源性为95.5%,说明TL1株和与鹅源新城疫NA-1株、ZJ1株的同源性极高,它们三者亲缘关系较近,同属于基因VII型新城疫病毒。而与传统疫苗株LaSota核苷酸的同源性为83.4%,氨基酸的同源性81.8%,说明该毒株相对于经典的NDV在P基因上已发生了较大的变异。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …