生态公益林资金管理的问题与对策

结合淳安县生态公益林资金使用管理现状,从损失性补偿资金、护林员工资发放等两个方面发现村级财务做账不及时、账务处理不规范,资金未按规定使用,补助资金直接用于还款等问题,并针对问题从明确会计账务处理、按要求使用、加强会计核算、强化监管、做好协调与沟通等八个方面提出一些解决办法,以进一步完善和加强生态公益林资金的使用管理,更好地促进重点公益林建设和森林资源的管理。     

衡东县生态公益林建设与管理现状与对策

简述了衡东县自2001年实施森林生态效益试点补助资金以来,生态公益林建设与管理成效,分析了生态公益林建设与管理存在的问题,并根据生态公益林建设与管理现状和存在的问题提出了相应的对策。     

生态公益林等级补偿的思考

生态公益林补偿制度是生态公益林保护和发展的保障.目前我国实行的是低标准、均衡制补偿制度,存在一些值得关注的问题,通过对目前生态公益林补偿制度存在的问题进行了系统分析,提出了等级补偿的新方法,并介绍了其补偿内容和测算方法.     

A review of habitat thresholds for dead wood: a baseline for management recommendations in European forests

In contemporary forest management, also of commercial forests, threshold values are widely used for consideration of biodiversity conservation. Here, we present various aspects of dead-wood threshold values. We review published and unpublished dead-wood threshold data from European lowland beech–oak, mixed-montane, and boreo-alpine spruce–pine forests separately to provide managers of European forests with a baseline for management decisions for their specific forest type. Our review of dead-wood threshold data from European forests revealed 36 critical values with ranges of 10–80 m³ ha⁻¹ for boreal and lowland forests and 10–150 m³ ha⁻¹ for mixed-montane forests, with peak values at 20–30 m³ ha⁻¹ for boreal coniferous forests, 30–40 m³ ha⁻¹ for mixed-montane forests, and 30–50 m³ ha⁻¹ for lowland oak–beech forests. We then expand the focus of dead-wood threshold analyses to community composition. We exemplify the two major statistical methods applied in ecological threshold analysis to stimulate forest researchers to analyze more of their own data with a focus on thresholds. Finally, we discuss further directions of dead-wood threshold analysis. We anticipate that further investigations of threshold values will provide a more comprehensive picture of critical ranges for dead wood, which is urgently needed for an ecological and sustainable forestry.     

辽东山区生态公益林经营类型划分与主要经营措施——以辽宁省森林经营研究所实验林场为例

根据辽宁省森林经营研究所实验林场公益林的具体情况和森林分类经营的需要,确定了划分经营类型的原则和依据,并将坡向因子引入经营类型划分之中,在次生用材林中划分出5个经营类型,即柞树林阴坡、柞树林阳坡、阔叶杂木林阴坡、桦树林阴坡、胡桃楸林阴坡经营类型,并分别制定了各经营类型的主要经营措施。     

千岛湖公益林生态补偿问题的探讨

在总结千岛湖山林的主体经营者淳安县新安江开发总公司40余年保护建设成效的基础上,分析千岛湖生态公益林保护建设对经营单位的影响,从公益林的生态补偿依据、标准和公益林的公共商品属性以及社会性等角度,探讨了解决公益林生态补偿问题的方法和途径．     

易门县公益林管护中存在的问题分析

易门县2005、2009年先后启动实施国家级和省级公益林生态项目建设,针对项目实施以来公益林管护中存在的问题进行分析,藉此提出相应对策、建议。     

Influence of tree species on understory vegetation diversity and mechanisms involved—A critical review for temperate and boreal forests

Tree species composition is a primary attribute of forest ecosystems, and is often manipulated by silvicultural practices. Forest management to diversify tree species is now being promoted to favor biodiversity. To assess the soundness of this policy we reviewed and analyzed the literature on the relationship between tree species composition and floristic diversity, including the mechanisms involved therein. Coniferous forests generally provide less diversified vascular understories than broadleaved forests. At the tree species scale, there are not enough reports to draw firm conclusions on the effect of any particular species. Mixing of deciduous and coniferous tree species generally affects understory diversity, but in almost all cases maximum diversity is observed in one of the pure stands, not in mixed stands. Understory vegetation is influenced by overstory composition and structure through modifications of resource availability (light, water and soil nutrients) and other effects, such as physical characteristics of the litter layer. Overstory light transmittance and diverse properties of forest litter are factors that have been most fully studied to date, but other factors such as throughfall water quantity and chemistry may also play a role. While the relative importance of mechanisms that account for the effect of overstory on understory biodiversity has often been discussed, these mechanisms have rarely been the subject of formal experiments. Overall, varying management practices and site attributes make it difficult to generalize results. They combine with the effects of tree species in influencing understory vegetation diversity, but they have been rarely considered. Future research is needed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between overstory and understory diversity and establish general laws.     

长白落叶松持续经营管理模式

森林的可持续经营,也就是森林资源和林地的可持续经营,其目的是保障后代的社会、经济、生态、文化和精神的需求。因此,在森林经营中,对树种的选择、适地适树、整地、引进下木下草、高速轮伐期、实行轮作等都围绕保护生态环境加以选择。在美国缅因州提出“人类有益于森林,森林有益于人类”的持续发展口号。在俄国制定了“森林利用和森林管理系统的生态标准”和“森林抚育采伐造成生态危害补偿付款标准”。自世界环发大会之后,世界各国和我国都着手制定持续发展的标准,来规范森林的经营行为。一个稳定的森林生态系统,植物经过对土壤营养元…     

白石砬子地区森林生态效益的量化分析

通过对白石砬子自然保护区森林资源每年释放O2、固定C02、土壤蓄水量、枯枝落叶层蓄水量、河流每年流出水量及野生经济植物蕴藏量的效益分析，得出保护区以上6项生态效益总价值为7864．56万元。为保护和合理开发利用资源提供依据。     

森林管护经营责任制能否成为国有林新的经营模式--对国有林经营方式的进一步探索

目前国有森工企业“两危”仍在加剧,陷入严重经济和资源双重危困的林区广大干部、职工经过20年的改革探索,在黑龙江国有林区全面推行了森林管护承包责任制。森林管护承包责任制是国有林区最后的“路”,还是过去的“摸石头”,作者认为这必须在对国有林所肩负的历史、现实任务和所承担的角色做出深刻剖析后再下结论。     

生态公益林补偿的必要性及补偿标准的分析

从生态公益林具有很强的外部经济性出发,通过利用经济学中“市场失灵”理论对生态公益林的外部经济性进行分析以及对生态公益林的生态效益计量评价,提出了对生态公益林进行补偿的必要性,从而从理论和实践两个角度对生态公益林的补偿标准进行了界定。     

梅花山自然保护区生态公益林管护机制改革探讨

分析了梅花山自然保护区生态公益林管护机制存在的问题,提出了建立管理局、管理站和村级生态公益林管护办公室三级管护机制,并层层落实责任主体、责任人的管护责任;提出深化生态公益林管护机制改革的思路及今后梅花山自然保护区的管理目标。     

区域景观生态林建设技术研究

在对沈大高速公路区域土地资源与森林资源调查基础上,以景观生态学理论为指导,深入研究林业用地的景观多样性、景观异质性及立地生境的复杂性与斑块、廊道、基质景观空间单元的空间结构构型,优化景观生态林的组成与结构、种植斑块,调整网络连接度,确定合适的基质相对面积,划分立地类型,建立景观生态林建设模型。采用PHOTOSHOP和3DMX技术对建设模型进行模拟仿真,采用地理信息系统技术进行景观生态林建设数据管理,构建对区域景观生态林建设具有指导意义的技术体系。     

辽东山区现有柞蚕场的生态效益分析及可持续经营对策

文章通过对现有柞蚕场及停蚕后封育的柞树林现状调查,结果表明,现有部分柞蚕场沙化严重,主要表现在植被群落组成单一,柞木灌丛稀疏,层次结构不明显,缺乏草本、灌木层植物,植被覆盖度低,沙石裸露,有机质含量很少。杂木林和封育蚕场枯枝落叶生物量比正在放蚕的柞蚕场提高85.0%、3.5%和182.4%;枯枝落叶的持水量提高118.0%、51.7%和90.5%;柞蚕场封育后的林分土壤自然含水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量及最大含水量均高于放蚕的柞蚕场;毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度柞蚕场封育后的林分土壤明显高于柞蚕场;柞蚕场封育后的林分0~20cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮平均含量比正在放蚕的柞蚕场提高49.6%~116.5%,25.0%~100.0%,2.7%~38.4%,对柞蚕场生态效益、柞蚕生产过程以及柞蚕场遭到破坏的原因等方面进行分析,提出实现柞蚕场的可持续经营对策及建议。