樟子松种子萌发过程中碳水化合物代谢变化规律

通过测定樟子松(Pinus sylvestris vat.mongolica)种子萌发过程中碳水化合物的代谢变化,结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,樟子松种子的胚乳中还原糖、淀粉和总糖含量及淀粉酶活性变化较为明显,种胚中淀粉含量和酶活性变化不明显.     

山杏种子后熟生理及萌发条件的研究

测定了去除内果皮的山杏种子不同温度浸水处理的吸水性、温度对去除胚尖处种皮和不去种皮种子萌发的影响；萌发过程中种子内可溶性糖含量的动态变化；激素对种子萌发的影响及萌发期间种子内ａ-淀粉酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性的变化。结果表明，５０℃低温浸种２４ｈ可达山杏萌发所需水分条件及活力指数；层积处理以２～５℃效果最好；ＧＡ３在适宜浓度下能打破休眠，促进种子发芽、茎根伸长和幼苗生长；种子萌发期间可溶性糖含量呈不断增加趋势，ａ-淀粉酶活性不断增强；层积后种子内ａ-淀粉酶活性显著增强。     

山杏种子后熟生理及萌发条件的研究

测定了去除内果皮的山杏种子不同温度浸水处理的吸水性，温度对去险胚尖处种皮和不去种皮种子萌发的影响；萌发过程中种子内可溶性糖含量的动态变化；激素对种子萌发的影响及萌发期间种子内季淀粉酶活性和过氧化氢酶不知性的变化。     

山槐种子萌发过程中脂肪和蛋白质代谢变化规律的研究

对山槐(Maackia amurensis)种子萌发过程中脂肪和蛋白质的代谢变化进行了研究,结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,刺槐种子子叶中脂肪变化最早,酶活性的升降不一定与其作用底物含量的增减相一致,作用于贮藏物质的酶并不是在浸种后立即就表现出活性,总蛋白质含量在种子萌发过程中变化不大。     

不同层积处理对黄檗种子生化指标的影响

以黄檗种子不同层积处理、不同温度处理下种子生理生化指标为研究对象,研究了黄檗种子可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量以及可溶性蛋白含量,结果表明:当层积深度150 cm、温度20℃处理下黄檗种子可溶性糖含量最高,在50 cm层积处理,温度25℃时能有效缓解种子萌发过程中淀粉的消耗,能最大限度地保证种子萌发过程中所需要的养分。在50 cm层积处理下,随着时间的增加,黄檗种子可溶性蛋白含量均显著大于其他层积处理。     

二乔玉兰种子萌发过程中胚乳储藏物质与酶活性的动态变化

木兰科植物的种子具有后熟休眠特性,造成播种育苗时出苗不整齐.以二乔玉兰种子为试验材料,采用生理生化测定方法,研究了种子萌发过程中水分、储藏物质含量和酶活性的动态变化.结果表明:(1)坚硬种皮对于种子吸水率具有一定的影响.种子含水率在种子萌发初期呈上升趋势,完整种子和去掉坚硬的种皮种子饱和吸水率分别为34.97％和50.7％,但两者保持一致的吸水进程;(2)种子内储藏物质的含量在种子萌发期间逐渐降低,淀粉和粗脂肪的含量在胚根长3 cm时分别下降了0.29％和9.08％.可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量在胚根长1 cm时下降速度减慢,随后两者的含量呈缓慢升高的趋势.(3)酸性磷酸酶活性与淀粉酶活性总体呈增强的趋势,其中B-淀粉酶活性最大为α-淀粉酶的11倍,酶活性的变化与淀粉、脂肪含量的变化呈显著性负相关.说明二乔玉兰种子吸水促进了酶活性的增加,有效地降解种子内储存的物质为种子萌发提供的充足的营养物质.     

赤霉素GA_3对不同层积催芽紫椴种子萌发的影响

为探讨解除紫椴种子休眠的方法,进行了不同温度层积催芽试验,并在此基础上进行了赤霉素GA_3处理后对紫椴种子萌发过程中贮藏物质的影响研究,结果表明:在前期高温后期低温(T20-5)的处理下种子具有较高的萌发指数,50 mg·L-1GA_3可使紫椴种子可溶性糖含量在萌发初期快速升高,以提高种子对逆境的适应能力;而150 mg·L-1GA_3对可溶性糖含量的增加具有抑制作用。GA_3处理对紫椴种子淀粉分解具有促进作用,但不同层积温度对淀粉水解酶活性有影响,为提高淀粉酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量,可适当提高GA_3浓度。     

油茶种子贮藏和发芽过程中主要内含物变化研究

研究了5℃、12℃、25℃条件下贮藏和发芽过程中油茶种子中可溶性蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性总糖含量的变化,得出以下结论:3个月内,不同温度下贮藏的种子中可溶性总糖含量呈减少趋势、脂肪含量呈增加趋势、可溶性蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,但各内含物在三种温度下的变化速率不同;在贮藏过程中,可溶性总糖和脂肪含量变化呈线性相关关系。3种贮藏温度下,脂肪含量与可溶性总糖含量呈显著负相关,脂肪含量与可溶性蛋白质含量呈负相关;可溶性蛋白质和可溶性总糖的含量正相关。种子萌发过程中,可溶性总糖含量上升、脂肪含量下降、可溶性蛋白的含量前期变化不明显,而后迅速下降。油茶种子萌发过程中,脂肪含量与可溶性总糖含量呈显著负相关,脂肪含量与可溶性蛋白质含量呈正相关;可溶性蛋白质和可溶性总糖的含量呈负相关。     

解除休眠的水曲柳种子对不同脱水条件的萌发和生理响应

【目的】比较不同脱水条件对解除休眠的水曲柳种子干燥脱水后萌发的影响,并探索在不同条件下脱水过程中种子内部的生理变化,为解除休眠水曲柳种子的再干燥贮藏提供理论和技术依据。【方法】以解除休眠的水曲柳种子为材料,采用单因素设计,比较种子在7种温度(5,10,15,20,25,30,35℃)条件下干燥脱水后的萌发能力,再设计双因素试验,分析脱水温度(常温20℃和低温5℃)、脱水速率(快速和慢速)及其交互作用对干燥脱水后种子萌发的影响,并测定不同脱水条件下种子中抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量,以确定种子细胞膜透性、抗氧化系统酶活性和贮藏物质代谢对不同脱水处理的响应。【结果】经不同温度脱水处理后种子的发芽率和发芽指数呈现随脱水温度的升高先上升后下降的趋势,种子发芽时间则呈现出随脱水温度上升而先下降后上升的趋势。常温(20℃)脱水种子的发芽能力最强,高温(35℃)或者低温(5℃)脱水种子发芽能力较弱。与常温脱水相比,低温脱水种子相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著增加,胚中POD和CAT酶活性显著降低,种子中可溶性糖和淀粉含量无明显变化,但可溶性蛋白含量显著降低。与慢速脱水相比,快速脱水种子相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著增加,胚中SOD和POD酶活性显著降低,种子中可溶性糖和淀粉含量无明显变化,但可溶性蛋白含量显著降低。【结论】解除休眠的水曲柳种子最适的干燥脱水温度是20℃,高温(35℃)或者低温(5℃)脱水会导致种子发芽率和发芽指数下降,发芽时间延长。低温(5℃)或快速脱水后种子细胞膜透性和丙二醛含量显著增加,种子中可溶性蛋白含量和胚中抗氧化酶活性均显著降低,从而引起种子萌发能力下降。胚中的抗氧化酶活性对低温和快速脱水反应不同,POD和CAT对低温脱水更敏感,而SOD则对快速脱水更敏感,SOD、POD和CAT 3种酶必须协同作用才能够维持活性氧自由基处于对细胞无害的较低水平。种子低温或快速脱水过程中脱水保护功能下降主要与蛋白质的变化有关,与可溶性糖和淀粉关系不大。     

刺槐种子萌发过程中的生理生化变化

用刺槐种子为材料．初步研究了刺槐种子萌发过程中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性的变化。结果表明：刺槐种子在萌发过程中．可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量有不程度的升高,POD和PPO的活性都有大幅度升高。     

樟子松种子萌发过程中脂肪和蛋白质代谢的变化规律

通过测定樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)种子萌发过程中脂肪和蛋白质的代谢变化,结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,樟子松种胚、胚乳中脂肪含量随发芽时间延长而下降;酶活性的升降不一定与其作用底物含量的增减相一致,作用于贮藏物质的酶并不是在浸种后立即就表现出活性;总蛋白质含量在种子萌发过程中变...     

催芽温度和天数对紫椴种子可溶性糖和淀粉含量的影响

通过设置不同的恒温和变温条件,研究了紫椴种子萌发温度和天数对可溶性糖和淀粉含量的影响,结果表明:紫椴种子发芽率在10℃恒温条件下可达80.5%,在10~15℃变温条件发芽率达到83.4%。在10~15℃变温条件下不同催芽天数可溶糖含量20.5~14.3mg·g~(-1),高于25℃恒温条件,可溶糖含量随着催芽天数增加而减少。淀粉含量也是随着催芽天数的增加出现下降的趋势,由催芽初期的6.8mg·g-1下降至第16天的3.4 mg·g~(-1)。     

柏木种子活力探讨

通过对柏木种子活力生化指标的测定,用相关分析、逐步回归和主要成分分析方法,探讨了不同采种期、地形部位、球果大小和种子大小各批种子活力之间的关系。结果表明,种子活力指数可表达种子迅速、整齐萌发的发芽潜力和幼苗生长势,是柏木种子较常规发芽率和其它各生理指标更可靠有效的质量指标。柏木种子生理成熟期较其球果形态成熟期提前10—20天,其后活力显著下降。不同坡位对种子活力影响显著,从坡下部到坡顶,活力显著下降。种子活力与脱氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性呈显著正相关,与电导率成显著负相关,后者同种子成熟度密切相关。种子4种内含物(蛋白质、还原糖、蔗糖和淀粉)对种子活力,千粒重和幼苗干重影响显著,其中还原糖含量与种子成熟度紧密相关。球果或种子越大,活力越高,二者极显著相关。     

The relationship between seed weight, germination and biochemical reserves of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Morocco

Seed germination and biochemical reserves of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) were studied with the aim of providing germination information for reforestation and conservation programs. Ten natural populations were used to assess variation in seed weight, germination characteristics and biochemical reserves and to examine the relationship between these characteristics. The analysis of variance showed highly significant population effects for seed weight, germination characteristics and protein content in both seeds and the female gametophyte. The mobilization of protein content in female gametophyte during seed germination differed more among populations than sugar content, suggesting that protein content was more sensitive to environment effects than sugar content. A strong positive correlation between germination capacity and the protein content in both seeds and female gametophyte indicated that the best populations in term of germination capacity may also be the richest in protein content. Seeds that were heavier and had a lower speed of protein content mobilization in the female gametophyte appeared to be better adapted to drought conditions. The results also suggested that as much as possible of the potentially valuable genetic variation among populations of this species should be preserved for reforestation and conservation purposes.     

野扇花果肉和胚乳发芽抑制物的研究

通过采用野扇花果肉和胚乳的水浸提液对白菜种子进行发芽试验,结果表明:果肉水浸提液高浓度时显著抑制白菜种子的萌发,但低浓度时反而促进种子的萌发;胚乳水浸提液对白菜种子的萌发没有显著影响。2种水浸提液均对幼苗的根和子叶的伸展有一定的抑制作用。     

不同生态因子对银杏生长的影响

用定位研究的方法,在丹东不同区域建立生态因子观测场,测定不同土层厚度、pH值、土壤养分含量、空气温湿度、光照强度、降雨、蒸发量等各因子对银杏生长的影响,结果表明:在不同的温度条件下,银杏种子萌发和幼苗生长状况不同,经20 d后,种子发芽率恒温比变温高6.2个百分点,幼苗根系生长、苗高、地径恒温比变温分别提高36.7%和16%。经过遮阴处理,银杏幼苗生长好于对照区。生长在壤土和沙壤土上的银杏其生长表现优于生长在沙土和黏土上的,土壤含盐量以0.03%～0.043%,银杏生长良好。银杏对pH值适应范围很宽,在pH值4～8.5的土壤上均能生长。     

Effect of desiccation on viability and biochemical changes in Knema attenuata seeds

We studied effect of desiccation on Knema attenuata seeds in the laboratory conditions(28 ± 2℃) for 8 days.We also monitored biochemical changes during germination by following standard procedures.Seeds lost their viability in 8 days by decreasing to 18% of moisture content from its original value of 31%.The total sugar,protein and lipid contents decreased during seed ageing.An increase was noticed in the protease activity during desiccation.The phenolic content in seed exudates was increased during ageing.The result confirms the degradation of stored biomolecules in seeds during ageing.Desiccation sensitivity and biochemical changes during dehydration confirm its recalcitrant nature.     

沙冷杉种子发芽性状的观测与分析

以庭院栽植的沙冷杉为研究材料,对其种子的发芽性状进行观测与分析,结果表明：常规发芽处理的各株树种子的发芽率平均值为27.9%,变动于8.7%～44.0%之间,差值5.1倍;沙藏催芽处理种子的发芽率平均值为21.4%,变动于1.9%～38.2%之间,均值21.4%,差值20.1倍,株间遗传差异显著。有4枚子叶的异常幼苗和1粒种子有2株幼苗同时萌发,存在着多胚现象。     

Identification and quantitative analysis of stage-specific carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) zygotic embryo and female gametophyte tissues

Stage-specific analyses of starch and 18 sugars, including pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols, were made throughout seed development for zygotic embryo and female gametophyte (FG) tissues of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Tissue was most often analyzed in triplicate from two open-pollinated families grown in different locations and sampled in different years. Carbohydrates were analyzed by enzymatic assay, high performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For all carbohydrates quantified, peak concentrations were higher in embryo tissue than in FG tissue. Significant changes in starch and sugar concentrations occurred over time, with both seed collections showing similar trends in temporal changes. Although concentrations were not always similar, embryo and FG tissues generally showed similar patterns of change in starch and sugar concentrations over time. Total starch concentration was highest during early seed development and decreased as development progressed. The major sugars contributing to osmotic potential during early seed development were D-pinitol, sucrose, fructose and glucose. During mid-seed development, D-pinitol, sucrose, fructose, glucose, melibiose and raffinose provided major contributions to the osmotic environment. During late seed development, sucrose, raffinose, melibiose, stachyose and fructose were the major contributors to osmotic potential. These data suggest stage-specific media composition for each step in the somatic embryogenesis protocol.