红棕象甲成虫对5种植物发酵挥发物的行为反应

利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)成虫对甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)、椰子(Cocos nucifera)、假槟榔(Archontophoehix alexandra)、槟榔(Areca catechu)和菠萝(Ananas comosus)等5种植物发酵挥发物的选择行为.结果表明,红棕象甲成虫对不同植物发酵挥发物敏感性不同,对寄主植物的选择性显著高于非寄主植物菠萝,依次排序:甘蔗≈椰子>假槟榔≈槟榔>菠萝.雌成虫和雄成虫对椰子和甘蔗的行为反应同其他3种植物相比有更强的趋性,但雄成虫对假槟榔、槟榔和菠萝3种植物发酵挥发物的选择性无显著差异.甘蔗、椰子、假槟榔3种植物食物诱饵的田间诱捕试验结果表明,植物挥发物对红棕象甲聚集信息素具有极显著的增效作用(P<0.01).3种植物田间诱捕效果差异显著(P<0.05),依次为:甘蔗>椰子>假槟榔.不同食物诱饵诱捕的雌成虫数均多于雄成虫.     

红棕象甲为害调查与诱集监测

2006～2008年,累积多次在海南省多个县市开展实地调查,发现红棕象甲[Rhynchophorus ferrugineus(Oliver)]的寄主植物15种,常见受害寄主植物有椰子、霸王棕、美丽针葵、酒瓶椰子等,并对采集的红棕象甲虫源标本及为害特征进行观察。在海南8个市县的椰子种植区及棕榈园共设30个监测点,各个监测点均能诱到红棕象甲成虫。田间实时诱集监测的3年积累试验数据显示:全年均能诱集到红棕象甲成虫,6～8月份能诱到较多的红棕象甲成虫,说明这时期是红棕象甲成虫活动的一个高峰期。     

23种植物精油对橘小实蝇的行为反应研究

通过超临界 CO2 萃取技术萃取 23 种植物精油,并使用 Y 型嗅觉仪测试了 23 种植物精油对橘小实蝇雌虫的行为反应。 结果表明,当精油质量浓度为0.5％时,在5min内,番石榴果精油、黄皮果皮精油、莲雾叶精油对橘小实蝇雌成虫有明显的引诱效果;香蕉叶精油、大叶桃花心木精油、番石榴叶精油对橘小实蝇雌成虫有明显的驱避效果。     

杨桃橘小实蝇的防治试验

采用套袋、药剂、信息素诱集成虫等方法对杨桃果实上橘小实蝇进行防治试验，结果表明套袋防治效果最好，药剂防治效果较差，信息素诱集成虫有一定的防效，建议在激素诱集成虫的基础上进行套袋防治橘小实蝇。     

模拟信号在稻褐飞虱声诱集试验中的应用

用笔者研制的电子模拟系统人工合成的对雄虫有召唤力的模拟雌虫鸣声信号,对鸣声诱集效果进行了评价。试验结果表明,连续模拟信号对4～5日龄未交尾雄虫的平均诱集率为22.2%±3.4％,与重放雌虫长鸣声录音及鸣叫雌虫（对照）无显著差异;而间断模拟信号平均诱集率达44.8%±5.7%,明显高于模拟信号,雌虫长鸣声录音和对照。在模拟田间群体试验中,模拟信号的诱集效果稳定,在田间试验中,模拟信号也诱捕到雄虫。因此,模拟信号是一种很有希望的实用诱集信号源。     

稻纵卷叶螟食诱剂在水稻上的应用研究初报

2021年6—10月在上海松江区开展了食诱剂对稻纵卷叶螟在水稻上诱集效果试验,解剖了雌虫的卵巢,并比较了食诱与性诱和灯诱的防治效果。结果表明,食诱剂的诱虫效果优于性诱,可诱集到的Ⅰ级卵巢雌成虫占比达到30.95%,且未交配率达96.15%,被诱捕到的雌虫数量显著多于雄虫,雌雄比为2.34。综合分析表明,食诱具有雌雄同诱、诱集低级别卵巢发育阶段未交配雌虫的优点,为稻纵卷叶螟绿色防治提供了理论依据。     

林间诱集松墨天牛雌成虫与诱木卵刻槽数的关系

在厦门市同安区的林间160个松墨天牛诱捕点悬挂诱捕器同时设置诱木。通过观察诱捕器引诱松墨天牛雌成虫数量与在诱木上产卵刻槽数量的关系。了解其发生规律及诱捕器的引诱效能，结果表明：松墨天牛产卵高峰期集中在5、6、7月份；雌成虫数量与产卵刻槽比值呈逐月增大趋势。在悬挂诱捕器同时设置诱木的诱虫点。约有1/5的雌成虫没有进入诱捕器。而飞到诱捕器旁的诱木上产卵。平均每根诱木有卵9粒。诱木可以作为诱杀松墨天牛的辅助手段加以利用。     

香蕉假茎象甲成虫的空间格局研究

香蕉假茎象甲成虫的空间分布规律研究结果表明,香蕉假茎象甲成虫在香蕉园呈较强的聚集分布,平均拥挤度、个体群平均大小随成虫密度增大而增大,个体群所占空间随密度增大而减小;成虫聚集分布主要是由于蕉园环境的异质性引起的。建立了成虫最适理论抽样数公式,提出了为防治决策服务的序贯抽样模型。      

茶蚕大陆种群性信息素鉴定与虫口监测应用

茶蚕（Andraca bipunctata Walker）是我国一种重要的茶树食叶害虫,严重时其幼虫可将整株茶树的叶片取食殆尽,造成极大危害。本研究对我国茶蚕大陆种群性信息素进行了鉴定,利用正己烷浸提法对求偶高峰期的茶蚕雌虫性信息素进行了提取,利用气相色谱-触角电位联用仪（GC-EAD）筛选性信息素提取物中的活性成分,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对活性成分进行分析,采用触角电位技术（EAG）测试了性信息素成分的电生理活性,并通过田间诱捕试验筛选出性信息素最佳剂量,最后利用性信息素对海南五指山地区的茶蚕种群进行了监测。GC-EAD结果显示,茶蚕性信息素提取物中只有1种成分可引起雄虫的触角电位反应。GC-MS分析结果初步确定该活性成分为顺11,顺14-十八碳醛（E11,E14-18Ald）。EAG测试和田间引诱试验验证了性信息素鉴定结果,田间诱捕数据显示不同剂量的性信息素在田间的引诱效果不同,当剂量为0.9 mg时,田间引诱效果最佳。虫口监测结果表明,茶蚕性信息素是一种理想的虫口监测方法,利用该方法明确海南五指山地区5—10月共有两代茶蚕,成虫高峰期为6月17日和8月27日。本研究结果为我国茶叶主产区利用性信息素进行诱杀防治或虫口监测提供了理论依据。     

性诱剂在棉虫测报上的应用

性诱剂是雌虫在性成熟后释放出来的一种引诱雄虫的化学活性物质,所以在田间设置一定数量的诱捕器,可以消灭大部分雄虫,藉以达到防治害虫的目的,或在田间大量释放信息素的气味,破坏雌雄虫间的交配信息,致使雌雄虫间无法交尾,繁延后代,达到防治的目的。性诱剂具有灵敏度高,选     

Determination of the optimum sterilizing radiation dose for control of the red date palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The optimum dose of gamma radiation for sterilizing the red date palm weevil was determined using newly emerged weevils obtained from colonies established on four date palm cultivars in the laboratory. Male weevils from each date palm cultivar were treated with gamma radiation doses of 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 Gray (Gy) and then mated with similar aged females to determine egg hatchability and male lifespan. Hatchability percent was significantly reduced at 15 Gy and above, and male lifespan was decreased at 10–15 Gy and above. Date palm cultivar significantly affected average male lifespan as well as egg hatchability, and the interaction between radiation dose and date palm cultivar was significant for both parameters. These results indicate that 15 Gy of gamma radiation to be an optimum dose for sterilizing red date palm weevil.     

嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系对红棕象甲幼虫的室内致死能力测定

为探讨利用昆虫病原线虫嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系防治红棕象甲的可行性,在室内研究了该线虫对红棕象甲幼虫的致死效果和毒力水平。采用微量点滴法测试线虫不同施药剂量和施药时间对红棕象甲3龄幼虫的致病效果,并观察处理后红棕象甲幼虫的形态学特征变化。嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系对红棕象甲具有一定的致死作用,随着线虫接种剂量的增加,红棕象甲死亡率增加;毒力测定结果显示,随着处理时间的延长,红棕象甲幼虫的LD₅₀呈现降低的趋势,同时随线虫接种剂量的提高,LT₅₀逐渐缩短;形态学观察结果显示,红棕象甲幼虫被嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系感染后,虫体呈现出僵硬皱缩、体色变褐、身体肿胀直至最后虫体腐烂、线虫游离而出的现象。实验结果表明,嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系对红棕象甲低龄幼虫具有一定的防控潜力。     

红棕象甲幼虫化学防治研究

针对红棕象甲的生物学特性,采用灌根法、灌淋法、打孔注药法和熏蒸法等化学防治方法对红棕象甲幼虫进行了野外防治试验.结果表明,防治效果依次为:熏蒸法＞打孔注药法＞灌淋法＞灌根法.用磷化钙以每株树9.6g的剂量进行根部熏蒸,5d后防效达83.03％,可在生产中推广应用.     

Combining 1,4-dimethoxybenzene,the major flower volatile of wild strawberry Fragaria vesca,with the aggregation pheromone of the strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi improves attraction

The aggregation pheromone of strawberry blossom weevil [Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Col.: Curculionidae)], a 1:4:1 blend of Grandlure I, II and racemic lavadulol, has been available for pest monitoring for several years but shows low attractancy. Attempts to control A. rubi using the pheromone alone were also unsuccessful. This paper reports the finding that addition of the major flower volatile from wild strawberry flowers [Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae)], 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (comprising 98% of the volatiles emitted from wild strawberry flowers), to the aggregation pheromone increased trap catches by over two fold compared to the pheromone alone. There was no significant difference between the response of overwintered or summer emerged adults. Field trials in 2007–2008 in central and southern Norway, Denmark and southern England used green funnel traps with white cross vanes for the evaluations. (-)-Germacrene D, previously shown to be emitted by plants in increased amounts in the presence of pheromone producing weevils, did not improve trap catches. Thus, the combined use of the aggregation pheromone and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene is promising for improved monitoring and possibly control of this important pest of strawberry.     

茶丽纹象甲对茶树品种的取食选择及其 诱导的4种萜烯类化合物

本文以龙井43为对照,研究了茶丽纹象甲雌、雄成虫对不同品种茶苗的选择性和取食量差异,并比较了茶丽纹象甲取食诱导龙井43、黄旦、福云6号和丹桂4个品种茶苗所释放的4种重要萜烯类化合物的差异.结果表明,在有食源选择的情况下,茶丽纹象甲雌成虫在福云6号茶苗上的着落率和取食量都显著高于龙井43,而雌、雄两性对龙井43茶苗的取食量均显著高于黄旦;但是,在无食源选择的情况下,同一性别茶丽纹象甲对4个品种茶苗的取食量之间不具显著差异.与同一品种的健康茶苗相比,茶丽纹象甲取食均可显著诱导不同品种4种萜烯类物质的释放.茶丽纹象甲对不同品种茶苗为害相同时间,各品种萜烯类化合物的释放量有所差异,为害12 h,丹桂中芳樟醇的释放量和福云6号中DMNT、法呢烯的释放量显著高于龙井43;为害24 h,黄旦和丹桂中罗勒烯的释放量、福云6号中芳樟醇的释放量,以及黄旦、丹桂和福云6号中DMNT和法呢烯的释放量均显著高于龙井43.     

Portable acoustic device for detection of coconut palms infested by Rynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Acoustic methods have been developed and used to detect insects in concealed habitats. The larvae of red palm weevil, Rynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), a serious pest of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L. feed on the soft tissues inside the stem and bud region. Detection of infested coconut palms in the early stages by the conventional method of checking for external symptoms is time consuming, labour intensive and costly. This paper describes the development of a portable and efficient acoustic device and its potential in detection of infested palms in the field. The device comprises a sensor to mount on the palm and to acquire the sounds of red palm weevil larvae, an electronic unit that processes the acquired sounds and a set of headphones to receive the output sound by the listener. It is light weight, user-friendly and powered by batteries. The highest accuracy of identifying infested palms was obtained when the palm was checked at four positions; either side of palm base and bases of the two lowermost leaves. The infested palms were detected with over 97% accuracy, while the probability of not detecting uninfested palms was over 92%. A second check increased the rate of accuracy. Many difficulties encountered with conventional methods could be overcome by the use of this device.     

Smallholder farmers' knowledge,perceptions and management of pea weevil in north and north-western Ethiopia

Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.) is one of the most serious insect pests of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Ethiopia. A survey of 400 farmers was conducted in four main pea-growing districts in north and north-western Ethiopia. The objectives were to assess farmers' knowledge and perceptions of pea weevil, to examine their current pest management practices and to identify challenges to pea weevil control, so that participatory integrated pest management for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia can be developed. The results revealed that most (71%) of the farmers surveyed had knowledge about pea weevil and were able to identify damaged seeds based on common visible symptoms of weevil infestation. However, most farmers did not know that pea weevil attacks plants in the field, but rather considered it a storage pest. The results also showed that farmers' cultural practices influence the incidence and spread of pea weevil and that most farmers did not check seed for pea weevil symptoms before planting. Only a minority of farmers (19%) harvested peas early and some harvested late, unintentionally promoting infestation and carryover of weevils. In addition, most farmers (74%) were not aware of the source and means of weevil spread on their farm and some did not clean up fallen and shattered peas during harvesting and threshing. The majority (63%) of the farmers surveyed relied on chemical insecticides, namely actellic dust and phostoxin, to treat harvested peas in storage. However, the results revealed a knowledge gap in that farmers were well aware of the problem of pea weevil, but lacked knowledge of cultural practices affecting pea weevil and of problems in the use of pesticides. This highlights the need for farmer training and for development of participatory integrated pest management methods for pea weevil.     

Assessing the impact of areawide pheromone trapping,pesticide applications,and eradication of infested date palms for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) management in Al Ghowaybah,Saudi Arabia

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a highly destructive pest of date palms, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), in Saudi Arabia. Data spanning a six year period (2007–2012) from Al Ghowaybah, a 1104 ha date producing region in the Al Ahsaa Directorate in Saudi Arabia, were analyzed to assess the impact enhanced management efforts that commenced in Oct. 2009 had against this pest. Within six months of initiating the areawide management program significant reductions in the mean monthly number of weevils trapped and percentage traps with R. ferrugineus were detected. Mean monthly trap captures of R. ferrugineus and the percentage of traps capturing weevils declined significantly from 2009 to 2012 by an average of 65% and 90%, respectively, indicating that trapping and dispersal pressure was significantly reduced. By 2011, average monthly trap captures and percentage of traps with R. ferrugineus were significantly lower than all pre-management capture data and this was maintained through 2012 when data collection ceased. Additionally, over the period 2010–2012, insecticide application and palm eradication rates dropped by 91% and 89%, respectively. The total number of R. ferrugineus captured in 2012 declined by 86% when compared to total captures for 2010. At the end of 2012, the estimated infestation rate of date palms in Al Ghowaybah was 0.36%, which was below the economic threshold of a 1% infestation rate set by the Directorate of Agriculture supervising the program. It is concluded that the mandatory areawide management program that commenced in Oct. 2009 against R. ferrugineus in Al Ghowaybah had a significant and rapid impact against this pest.     

Thresholds of economic damage by clover seed weevil (Apion fulvipes Geoff.) and lesser clover leaf weevil (Hypera nigrirostris Fab.) on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed crops

Severe reductions in the seed yield of white clover can occur because of feeding by the white clover seed weevil Apion fulvipes and the lesser clover leaf weevil Hypera nigrirostris which together can reduce the seed yield by more than 0·50. From 2002 to 2006 five field experiments were carried out to investigate the relationship between the density of these two weevil species and seed yield of white clover. Damage caused by the weevils was calculated as the difference in the number of weevils and the difference in seed yield between the average of insecticide‐treated and untreated plots. Loss of seed yield was expressed as a proportion of the seed yield in insecticide‐treated plots, which allowed for a comparison between years as yields in insecticide‐treated plots varied. A multiple regression approach was chosen in which proportional loss in seed yield was the response variable and the weevils A. fulvipes and H. nigrirostris were the independent variables. Data obtained from the experiments were used to construct the following threshold model of economic damage: