Retreat of catabolites of filaments,lodicules,and stigma cells in rice

The lodicules expand rapidly when the rice florets are opening, and the filaments elongate and the stigmas extend and bend. All these growing movements are caused by the cell elongation or expansion after water absorption. The lodicules, filaments, and stigma will wither after flowering, but the cause of the withering remains unknown. In some wild abortive male sterile lines, the closing of florets     

Long-term frozen storage of wheat bread and dough – Effect of time,temperature and fibre on sensory quality,microstructure and state of water

The objective of this study was to determine effect of storage time, storage temperature and addition of fibre on sensory quality, state of water, microstructure and texture of bread and dough.     

Detection of Sensitivity and Resistance Variation of Magnaporthe grisea to Kitazin P,Carbendazim and Tricyclazole

One hundred and twenty-nine isolates of Magnaporthe grisea from Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China were tested for resistance frequency to kitazin P and carbendazim, respectively by the distinctive concentration method. The resistance frequency of the isolates to kitazin P which had not been used in practice for about ten years was as high as 79.1%, and only one carbendazim-resistant isolate was detected in Gaoyao, Guangdong Province (with a frequency of 0.78%). Meanwhile, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of hyphal melanization was adopted to detect the sensitivity of M. grisea to tricyclazole. There existed several different degrees of sensitivity to tricyclazole in the melanin biosynthesis of M. grisea, but no relationship was found between these MIC values completely inhibiting melanization in hyphae and the EC50 values of tricyclazole against rice blast tested in vivo. After the isolates were induced by chemical taming or UV irradiation in laboratory, kitazin P-resistant and carbendazim-resistant mutants were recovered by both the methods, but none of tricyclazole-resistant mutant was obtained.     

Compound pollution of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As on lowland rice

Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As are typical pollutants originated from Pb-Zn mine, smelting waste water discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China. We studied the compound pollution of Cd, Pb,Cu, Zn, and As on rice.     

Effects of S3307 on the photosynthesis,the activity of SOD,and MDA content of rice flag leaf

Ｕｎｉｃｏｎａｚｏｌ，（Ｅ）＿１＿（４＿ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｙｌ）＿４，４＿ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌ＿２（１，２，４＿ｔｒｉａｚｏｌ＿ｌ＿ｙｌ）＿１＿ｐｅｎｔｅｎ＿３＿０１，ｎａｍｅｄＳ３３０７，ｉｓａｎｅｗｐｌａｎｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｒｅｔａｒｄａｎｔｔｈａｔｃａｎｒｅｔａｒｄｔｈｅ ｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆ ｐｌａｎｔｓ，ｍａｋｅ ｐｌａｎｔｄｗａｒｆ，ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒｏｏｔａｎｄｔｉｌｌｅｒｇｒｏｗｔｈ，ｄｅｌａｙｔｈｅｓｅｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｏｆｌｅａｖｅｓ，ａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｎｅｔｐｈｏｔｏ ｓｙｎｔｈｅ…     

Long range migration of rice planthoppers and associated meteorological conditions in Yulin,Ganzhou,and Huangyan

In recent years ,it has been demonstrated that the low-level jet streams (LLJs) developed in the south of the Meiyu(Baiu) front play a critical role in the overseas migrations of the planthoppers into Japan and Korea. However, the involement of the LLJs during the process of sequential displacements of rice planthoppers in China has not been clarified yet. In the present studies, the synoptic meteorological factors including LLJs associated with the     

Report of the joint meeting of the Potato Section of EUCARPIA and the Section Breeding and varietal assessment of the EAPR, 3–7 July, 2000, Warsaw (Poland)

Report

Report of the joint meeting of the Potato Section of EUCARPIA and the Section Breeding and varietal assessment of the EAPR, 3–7 July, 2000, Warsaw (Poland)     

Fermentation of Cauliflower and White Beans with Lactobacillus plantarum – Impact on Levels of Riboflavin,Folate, Vitamin B12, and Amino Acid Composition

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - As diets change in response to ethical, environmental, and health concerns surrounding meat consumption, fermentation has potential to improve the taste and...     

Single and Competitive Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol and Bisphenol A with Estrone, β-Estradiol,and Estriol onto Sediment

The competitive adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) and17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) with different endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as estrone (E1), β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) was investigated in the water-sediment system. The primary and interaction effects of coexisted EDCs on the adsorption of BPA and EE2 were studied in binary and multiple systems. The adsorption selectivity of sediment at different initial concentrations of EDCs was also considered, based on the distribution coefficient (β). In binary systems, coexisted EDCs exhibited a positive effect on the adsorption of BPA, while E3 showed a negative effect on the adsorption of EE2. In ternary systems, the interaction of E1*E3 and E2*BPA showed a synergistic effect on the sorption of BPA and EE2, respectively. In quaternary systems, the interaction of E1*E2*E3 showed a synergistic effect on the adsorption of both BPA and EE2. In the quinary system, coexisted EDCs all showed an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of BPA and EE2, which indicated that the coexisted EDCs competed for adsorption with BPA and EE2. EDCs in the E2-EE2-BPA system presented a superior selectivity of sediment with β values of 43.48–87.86. The order of sediment selectivity (E1 > EE2 > E2 > E3 > BPA) in binary systems was in agreement with EDCs’ adsorption capacity, which suggested that the adsorption was dominated by partition adsorption.     

Preparation,Evaluation and Characterization of Rutin–Chitooligosaccharide Complex

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Rutin possesses a wide range of application prospects with various bioactivities. However, its bitter and water-insoluble properties restrict its application in...     

Synthesis and application of o,o′-dihydroxyazo dyes and their metal complexes

This paper presents the synthesis of metal complex acid dyes obtained from the reaction of o,o′-dihydroxyazo dyes and chromium and cobalt sulfate. The ¹H-NMR, FT-IR and UV/Visible Spectrophotometer, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and ICP (Ion Chromatography) of the intermediates and the metal complexes were studied and compared. Their properties such as dyeing, fastness and toxicity on nylon were also assessed according to standard methods.     

Preparation,chemical, and thermal characterization of nylon 4/6 copolymers by anionic ring opening polymerization of 2-Pyrrolidone and ε-Caprolactam

Nylon 4/6 copolymers based on 2-pyrrolidone (C4) and ε-caprolactam (C6) were synthesized and characterized as part of ongoing efforts to develop thermally stable, melt-processable 2-pyrrolidone (C4) based Nylons. Copolymers of various compositions were synthesized at between 50 and 100 °C via the anionic ring opening polymerization of C4 and C6 using a potassium tert-butoxide catalyst and a benzoyl chloride initiator. The polymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, GPC, intrinsic viscosity measurements, and X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). Their chemical compositions and sequence distributions were obtained by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopies, respectively. X-ray scattering was used to investigate the lamellar morphologies and the crystal structures of solvent cast films of the copolymers. WAXS revealed the presence of α-phase crystals in the copolymers. TGA data coupled with molecular weight and sequence distribution information indicated that the polymers’ thermal stability depended on both their chemical composition and their sequence distribution.     

Synthesis of (3S,3′S)- and meso-Stereoisomers of Alloxanthin and Determination of Absolute Configuration of Alloxanthin Isolated from Aquatic Animals

In order to determine the absolute configuration of naturally occurring alloxanthin, a HPLC analytical method for three stereoisomers 1a–c was established by using a chiral column. Two authentic samples, (3S,3′S)- and meso-stereoisomers 1b and 1c, were chemically synthesized according to the method previously developed for (3R,3′R)-alloxanthin (1a). Application of this method to various alloxanthin specimens of aquatic animals demonstrated that those isolated from shellfishes, tunicates, and crucian carp are identical with (3R,3′R)-stereoisomer 1a, and unexpectedly those from lake shrimp, catfish, biwa goby, and biwa trout are mixtures of three stereoisomers of 1a–c.     

Effects of roasting on barley β-glucan,thermal, textural and pasting properties

Different hulled barley cultivars were subjected to roasting in hot sand (280 °C) and the effects on β-glucan extractability, physico-chemical, thermal and pasting properties were studied. The grain puffed upon roasting and grain hardness and colour difference ΔE were significantly lowered. The roasted barley flour had significantly higher water absorption and water solubility index. The cultivars DWR-28, RD-2503 and PL-172 had the highest total β-glucan content (up to 5.47%). Roasting brought about a decrease in the soluble β-glucan content in all the cultivars and this decrease ranged from 4.9 to 25.3%. The β-glucan extractability was not affected by the roasting process but roasting lowered the ratio of soluble to insoluble β-glucan content by 8.1–41.9%. Roasting significantly affected the pasting and thermal properties of the flours, together with an increase in the cooked starch content that ranged from 28.8 to 43.1%.     

Isolation,identification,and antagonism protein analysis of B34 against Thanatephorus cuc-umeris

A strain B34 against Thanatephorus cucumeris was screened from rice plants. Lab and field experiments showed that the control effects of this fungal strain were better than that of Jinggangmycin on PDA plate. Based on the chemical components of cell wall and physiological and biochemical characters of B34, the fungal was named as Pseudomonas aureofaciens. It was a new antagonistic strain against Thanatephorus cucumeris.     

The effects of dark-broken by UV-B, UV-A, and blue light on fertility of PGMR Nongken 58s

PGMR(Photoperiod sensitive Genic Male-sterile Rice) Nongken 58s was discovered in 1973 by SHI Mingsong,     

Distribution of Magnaporthe grisea Population and Virulence of Predominant Race in Jiangsu Province,China

Three hundred and forty-two mono-conidial isolates were obtained from rice blast specimens collected from five typical areas in Jiangsu Province during 2000-2002. The isolates could be classified into seven groups, thirty races when assessed with seven Chinese differential rice cultivars. The race ZG1 was predominant one of Magnaporthe grisea with a frequency of 65.00% in 2000, 56.90% in 2001 and 60.38% in 2002; the races ZB and ZC groups were also important in Jiangsu Province. By inoculating 130 ZG1 race isolates on thirteen Japanese cultivars with known resistance genes, forty-two pathotypes were found. Among them, 30.77% of ZG1 race isolates had virulence to rice cultivars Shin 2(Pita-ks, Pi-sh), K1(Pi-ta), Pi 4(Pi-ta2, Pi-sh), being the predominant pathotype, indicating the resistances of cultivars Shin 2 (Pita-ks, Pi-sh), K1(Pi-ta), Pi 4(Pi-ta2, Pi-sh) had lost the resistance in Jiangsu Province. Rice cultivar K3(Pi-kh) was highly resistant to Magnaporthe grisea with 100% resistance frequency, and resistant to the two single isolates, 2003-184(ZC5) and 2003-14-1(ZG1), however, it was infected by a mixture of the two isolates. It was suggested that the change in virulence stemmed from the interaction of different pathotype isolates was one of the reasons that made variety lose its resistance.