二化螟性诱剂迷向防治作用的研究

1997～ 1999年 ,在安徽省广德县应用性诱剂对越冬代二化螟进行了较大面积的迷向防治试验。结果表明 ,田间放置诱芯150～750个/hm²的迷向率为71.1%～80.7% ;每公顷放置诱芯750、300～375、120～150个和 30个的迷向区卵量比对照区分别下降79.4%～86.1%、72.9%～84.7%、58.3%～65.1%和58.9% ;每公顷放置60个诱芯的大面积迷向示范区中稻秧田和早稻大田卵块量分别比对照下降 82.4%和73.2% ,早稻大田枯鞘丛率比对照下降70.4%。应用性诱剂迷向防治二化螟 ,方法简便 ,成本低 ,无公害 ,可望成为目前单季稻区6月底前不用或少用农药且能控制第一代二化螟危害的有效方法     

不同性诱剂产品诱杀水稻二化螟田间效果评估

为了筛选有效的性诱防治产品,于2017年在湖南醴陵比较了不同性诱剂产品对水稻田间二化螟成虫的诱杀效果。结果表明,试验期内单个性诱剂Ⅰ诱捕器的总诱蛾量为(139.7±7.0)头,诱蛾量显著高于性诱剂Ⅱ和Ⅲ(P0.05)。田间持续使用40d,性诱剂Ⅰ和Ⅲ诱捕器诱蛾动态与灯诱对照接近。田间使用时,性诱剂Ⅰ不同重复间的诱蛾量差异较小。     

不同诱芯、诱捕器诱杀水稻二化螟效果的比较

本文调查了不同厂家生产的二化螟性诱芯和不同类型的诱捕器对田间二化螟成虫的诱杀效果。结果表明：两种诱芯的持效期均达40d以上,但北京中捷四方科贸有限公司生产的性诱剂在诱杀效果更好。诱捕器类型对诱杀效果影响则表明用三角型诱捕器最佳,其次为自制的可乐瓶诱捕器,最差的为UMT-B型诱捕器。     

性诱剂对斜纹夜蛾自然种群控制作用的初步研究

通过田间试验,初步研究了性诱剂对斜纹夜蛾自然种群的控制作用。试验结果表明,在斜纹夜蛾3~4代期间诱杀区比对照区的平均落卵量下降了60%左右,田间幼虫发生量减少了50%～60%,且可减少药剂防治2~3次,经济、社会与生态效益均极为显著。     

应用二化螟性诱剂大面积诱捕越冬代雄蛾

应用二化螟性诱剂对越冬代二化螟雄蛾进行了大面积诱捕。结果表明：诱杀７ｄ和１５ｄ后,诱捕区（包括中心区和边缘带）雄蛾量分别为对照区的４０.４４％和２９.７８％,其中心区的蛾量分别为边缘带的４８.５５％和２４.６５％;诱捕区卵块数仅为对照区的２０.０％～３３.３％,枯鞘率仅为对照区的１２.５％～２５.０％;诱捕区的第一代雄蛾发生量大量减少,诱蛾量仅为对照区的４６.９６％,其中心区的雄蛾量为边缘带的６７.６４％;诱捕区的水稻枯心率仅为对照区的３９.５０％～４４.７５％。应用性诱剂大面积诱捕是防治水稻二化螟的有效方法之一。     

二化螟性诱剂固体诱芯长期诱蛾效果研究

为解决目前因二化螟性诱剂诱芯持效期短需要定时更换而带来的成本增加问题,于2017—2018年,在杭州萧山开展了二化螟性诱剂PVC固体诱芯田间诱蛾效果试验。结果表明,性信息素化合物含量为1000μg、1200μg、1500μg的二化螟固体诱芯的诱蛾量与同期参试的0.61%毛细管诱芯(期间更换1次)的诱蛾量相当,可连续诱蛾175d以上。不同调查时间点的诱蛾量变化与田间二化螟发生动态一致。由此可知,二化螟PVC固体诱芯具有长效控害作用。     

水稻病虫害统防统治与绿色防控融合技术效益分析

通过水稻病虫害专业化统防统治与灯光诱杀、性诱剂、黄板诱杀和稻田养鸭等绿色防控融合技术的示范表明,融合示范区对二化螟等主要害虫和田间杂草的控制效果明显优于常规种植区,二化螟枯心株率、枯心丛率、白穗率分别为0.13%、3.5%和0.1%,田间杂草相对防治效果为81%。融合示范区较常规种植区产量增加8.55%,纯收益增加28.7%,融合示范技术具有较好的推广应用前景。     

迷向性信息素田间防治水稻二化螟试验初报

2010年在湖北省洪湖市沙口镇部分中稻开展了信越二化螟信息素防治水稻二化螟的试验,并且与纽康诱杀型性诱剂进行了效果对比。结果表明,各处理区螟害率都控制在防治标准（1％以下）以内,对二化螟的防治效果都达90％以上,其中迷向性信息素区防效为91．11％,迷向性信息素配合化学农药区防效达95．56％,比纽康诱杀型性诱剂配合化...     

延边地区水稻二化螟发生危害及化学防治

对吉林延边稻区二化螟发生情况调查表明 ,不同品种水稻受二化螟危害程度有差异。密度 12.5穴 /m² 或进一步稀植的二化螟危害较轻 ;施氮量多 ,二化螟危害重 ,反之危害较轻。 6月下旬至 7月上旬二化螟成虫羽化高峰期是利用二化螟性引诱剂在田间诱集二化螟成虫最佳时期。田间小区药剂试验结果表明 ,50%辛硫磷、2.5%功夫和增效水胺硫磷对二化螟防治效果较好。     

二化螟性诱芯不同存贮期对诱蛾效果的影响

二化螟性诱芯的存贮期对田间雄蛾诱捕量有明显影响。试验在长春市进行 ,根据诱芯存贮期长短设置 2个处理 ,分别为-18℃条件下存贮 2～6个月和同样条件下存贮 33～37个月。结果表明 ,从5月 19日到 9月20日两种贮存期的诱芯平均每盆每日诱蛾量分别为35.8头和5.5头 ,后者下降84.6%。两种贮存期处理的单盆1日最大诱蛾量分别为223头和 20头 ,但不同处理所反映的田间蛾期却基本一致     

大面积应用性信息素诱捕甘蓝斜纹夜蛾及田间控害效果

2006年应用性信息素大量诱捕法对秋甘蓝斜纹夜蛾开展了大面积诱杀试验,并就配套应用技术及其田间控害效果进行了评估。性信息素防治区内,在外围、中围和内围以及上风口、下风口等不同点位上的斜纹夜蛾雄成虫的单瓶诱集量差异明显,上风口的诱集量大于下风口,且增加幅度从外围往中心依次递减;在不同点位上的斜纹夜蛾雄成虫的诱集量差异跟田间虫口发生量呈正相关,虫口密度越大,外围成虫诱集量比中内围的增幅也越大。性信息素防治区在减少药剂防治2次的情况下,斜纹夜蛾落卵量比化防区和空白对照区分别减少27.5%和65.3%,田间累计幼虫发生量分别下降70.9%和94.3%。本试验结果表明,性信息素大面积诱捕能有效控制甘蓝斜纹夜蛾的危害,可为蔬菜的可持续生产提供技术支持。     

Efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand apple orchards

BACKGROUND: The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. No dose response in trap catch of males was seen in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone (0.01-10.0 mg). RESULTS: The number of females caught was significantly affected by the amount of pear derived kairomone used to bait traps, with the highest catch obtained at 10 mg loading. The attractiveness of sex pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of the kairomone either when used in the same bait or in a separate bait. The mean number of males captured in traps was reduced by 44% when the pheromone and kairomone were combined at ratio of 1:1 (0.1 mg pheromone: 0.1 mg kairomone) in separate sources. CONCLUSION: Kairomone baited traps showed some potential for monitoring the flight activity of female C. pomonella in apple orchards in two locations (Canterbury and Hawke's Bay). However, the number of male moths caught was low as compared to the number of male moths caught in pheromone-baited traps, and therefore the sex pheromone should continue to be used for monitoring male activity.     

Impact of sub-lethal residues of azinphos-methyl on the pheromone-communication systems of insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant obliquebanded leafrollers Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The effects of sub-lethal residues of azinphos-methyl on pheromone production, calling, female attractiveness and the ability of males to locate sources of natural and synthetic pheromone were compared in azinphos-methyl-susceptible (susceptible) and azinphos-methyl-resistant (resistant) obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The amount of pheromone in susceptible females was reduced by 29-33% after exposure to azinphos-methyl; this treatment did not affect the pheromone content of resistant females. Azinphos-methyl-treated resistant females contained 39-43% less pheromone than azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females. Resistant females that were not treated with azinphos-methyl contained 35-56% less pheromone than susceptible females that were not treated with insecticide. The incidence of calling was reduced by 67-100% in azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females; the incidence of calling by resistant females was not affected by exposure to azinphos-methyl. The incidence of calling by azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females was 58-100% lower than that of azinphos-methyl-treated resistant females. There was no difference in the incidence of calling between susceptible and resistant females that had not been treated with insecticide. In a flight tunnel, treatment with insecticide reduced the attractiveness of susceptible females by 38%; treatment with insecticide did not affect the attractiveness of resistant females. There was no difference in the proportion of males attracted to susceptible and resistant females that had, or had not been treated with insecticide. In an apple orchard, the attractiveness of susceptible and resistant females treated with azinphos-methyl was reduced by 84 and 12%, respectively. The proportion of males attracted to azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females was 58% lower than the proportion attracted to azinphos-methyl-treated resistant females, whereas, if females were not treated with insecticide, the proportion attracted to resistant females was 57% lower than the proportion attracted to susceptible females. In a flight tunnel, azinphos-methyl did not affect the ability of susceptible or resistant males to locate a source of pheromone gland extract. Likewise, in an apple orchard, the insecticide treatment had no effect on the ability of susceptible or resistant males to locate a source of synthetic pheromone. In a flight tunnel, there was no difference in the proportion of azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible and resistant males locating a source of pheromone gland extract; however, in the orchard, 39% fewer azinphos-methyl-treated resistant males located a source of synthetic pheromone than azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible males. A similar proportion of susceptible and resistant males that had not been treated with insecticide located a source of pheromone gland extract in the flight tunnel, but in the orchard, the proportion of resistant males not treated with azinphos-methyl that located the source of synthetic pheromone was 32% lower than the proportion of susceptible males not treated with this insecticide. The implications of the differences in the effect of sub-lethal residues of azinphos-methyl on the pheromone communication system of susceptible and resistant moths are discussed in relation to the theory of the development of insecticide resistance, the detection of resistance in feral populations of moths using sex pheromone-baited traps, and the control of moths using sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption.     

信息素迷向法规模化防治梨小食心虫

梨小食心虫是梨树和桃树上一种重要的蛀食性害虫,为了推动果园害虫的无公害防治,2010年在山东省莱阳市的桃园和梨园应用信息素散发器对梨小食心虫进行了迷向防治研究。在应用信息素散发器的桃园与梨园中,梨小食心虫发生数量明显低于对照园,使用密度增加,梨小食心虫的发生数量降低,迷向率增加。每公顷施用信息素散发器450、900、1350根的桃园,对梨小食心虫的迷向率分别为67.80%、80.14%、89.29%,而梨园中对梨小食心虫的迷向率分别为84.17%、93.41%、98.17%。桃园与梨园施用信息素散发器后,梨小食心虫的蛀果率明显低于对照园,桃园与梨园对梨小食心虫的防治效果分别在40.34%～73.57%和54.24%～92.38%之间。研究表明,梨园中信息素散发器对梨小食心虫的防治效果高于桃园。     

Efficacy of carbofuran and phorate at different intervals of application for control of rice tungro

Abstract

The relationship between the catch of male Spodoptera litura (F.) moths in sex pheromone‐baited traps and the number of egg‐masses in groundnut crop at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi‐Arid Tropics Centre Patancheru, India was examined during the post‐rainy season of 1983. Significant positive correlations were found between the number of egg‐masses and the total number of male moths caught during the 7 days preceding the egg‐mass count. 75% of the variance in the egg‐mass counts and pheromone trap catches could be accounted for by the regression.     

基于性诱剂监测的梨小食心虫防治指标

为明确梨小食心虫性诱剂水盆诱捕器诱蛾量与梨果着卵量的关系,建立一种简单实用,基于梨小食心虫成虫发生量的防治指标,于2010和2011年在陕西蒲城梨园调查了梨小食心虫在早酥梨上的着卵情况及其与性诱剂水盆诱捕器诱蛾量之间的关系.结果显示,梨小食心虫在梨果胴部的着卵量显著高于其它部位,占总卵量的92.00％;百果卵数、卵果率随果实的增大而增加,直径70mm以上果实的百果卵数和卵果率均显著高于直径65 mm以下的果实.据此建立了诱蛾量与卵果率、百果卵量的回归方程,分析得出当以卵果率1％和百果卵量1粒为防治指标时,基于性诱剂监测的梨小食心虫的防治指标分别为每天每诱捕器2.27和2.32头;以卵果率2％和百果卵量2粒为防治指标时,则分别为每天每诱捕器2.61和2.58头.     

Control of the pink bollworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectinophora gossypiella</Emphasis> by the mating disruption technique on cotton in a semi-arid region of Turkey

This study evaluated the effectiveness of mating disruption pheromones for the pink bollworm (PBW) Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) and determined the damage levels of cotton plants in Turkey in 2007 and 2008. Adult populations were monitored by pheromone traps, with 250 pieces ha⁻¹ of PBW rope dispensers used for each treated field of approximately 12 ha. Calculations were based on comparing cotton yield in the control field with that in treated fields. The PB-Rope L dispensers significantly decreased both number of males in the pheromone traps and cotton boll damage. Results showed that PB-Rope L dispenser application during the square period of cotton plants effectively reduced damage. Cotton yield of treated fields was increased compared with control fields by 20.28% and 10.28% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Infestation ratios were determined by comparing cotton bolls collected from treated fields with bolls from control fields; the results were 25% and 15% for control fields and 16% and 4% for treated fields in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Larval densities in the control fields were higher than those in the treated fields in both years. Results showed that the PB-Rope L dispensers released pheromone satisfactorily to disrupt pest mating.     

青岛地区暗黑鳃金龟性信息素鉴定及田间应用技术

为深入了解国内暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky种群的性信息素组分及其田间引诱效果,采用气质联用技术对其雌性信息素进行了分离鉴定,利用标记-回捕技术测试了5 h内暗黑鳃金龟的扩散距离,并在此基础上测试了诱捕器颜色、离地高度、密度、单诱芯性信息素含量等对田间诱虫效果的影响。结果表明：L-异亮氨酸甲酯和（R）-（-）-芳樟醇为国内青岛种群暗黑鳃金龟雌虫性信息素的主要组分,两者含量比为7：1;暗黑鳃金龟5 h扩散距离可达400 m以上,平均扩散距离为55.9 m,扩散距离在20~60 m的个体占总虫数的77.5%;黄色诱捕器对该虫的引诱效果显著优于黑色和绿色;诱捕器离地2 m引诱到的试虫数目显著高于1、1.5、2.5和3 m;单个诱芯性信息素含量360 mg引诱效果最好,显著高于180 mg及以下浓度;诱捕器间隔20~60 m防治效果较好,结合使用成本和试虫扩散距离,间距60 m最优。     

Inhibition of pheromone response in Sesamia nonagrioides by the pheromone of the sympatric corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübn.) are two corn borers present in the Mediterranean area that share a similar feeding habitat. The female sex pheromones of the two species consist of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-hexadecenal and dodecyl acetate (77:8:10:5 w/w) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3 w/w) respectively. Although the pheromones share no common components, previous work had shown the inhibition of the response by O. nubilalis males to their own pheromone owing to the presence of S. nonagrioides pheromone. In this study, the pheromone of O. nubilalis and its two components separately were shown to inhibit the attraction of S. nonagrioides males to the synthetic female pheromone in both laboratory wind-tunnel bioassay and field trapping studies. In the wind tunnel, the number of contacts of S. nonagrioides males with the source were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by the single pheromone components of O. nubilalis. In the field, the addition of 1% of O. nubilalis pheromone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the catches of S. nonagrioides males. The components of both pheromones also elicited electroantennographic responses from antennae of male S. nonagrioides moths. The ecological consequences and the possibilities of applying this cross-inhibition for mating disruption techniques are discussed.     

Influence of pheromone emission on the attraction of California red scale males in citrus orchards

Attraction of California red scale males, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), to different release rates of the sex pheromone compound 3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decen-1-yl acetate was evaluated in field trials. This study was aimed to study pheromone emission-response correlations and the existence of an optimum release rate that maximizes trapping efficacy. Release profiles of the pheromone dispensers deployed were determined by gas chromatography to estimate the various emission rates tested. The results reveal that the mean number of A. aurantii males caught correlates with the daily pheromone release rates by means of a quadratic model. The obtained model indicates the existence of a relative maximum of the captures corresponding to an optimum release rate of ca. 300 μg/day. Higher emission rates (up to 1 g/day) resulted in lower captures. Implications for the mating disruption technique are discussed.